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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2021, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (2): 305-319.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.04112

• CROP GENETICS & BREEDING · GERMPLASM RESOURCES · MOLECULAR GENETICS • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Anatomy characteristics and IbEXP1 gene expression of tuberization under ammonia nitrogen treatment in sweet potato

WANG Cui-Juan1(), CHAI Sha-Sha2(), SHI Chun-Yu3,*(), ZHU Hong4, TAN Zhong-Peng3, JI Jie3, REN Guo-Bo5   

  1. 1Institute of Sweet Potato, Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai 265500, Shandong, China
    2Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Hubei Engineering and Technology Research Center of Sweetpotato / Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasms and Genetic Improvement, Wuhan 430064, Hubei, China
    3Resources of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University / State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China
    4Crop Protection Institute, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China
    5Luxi Chemical Group Co. Ltd., Liaocheng 252000, Shandong, China
  • Received:2020-05-21 Accepted:2020-08-19 Online:2021-02-12 Published:2020-09-08
  • Contact: SHI Chun-Yu E-mail:cuijuanwangwang@126.com;chaishasha2008@126.com;scyu@sdau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    Shandong Agriculture Innovation Team (SDAIT-16-01).

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Abstract:

This study chose Shangshu 19 (S19) and Jixu 23 (J23) categorized by valid tuber root number per plant as analyzing varieties and arranged treatment combinations consisted of two nitrogen forms ammonium nitrogen (AN) and amide nitrogen (XN) integrated with two nitrogen rates 60 kg hm-2 (LN60) and 180 kg hm-2 (HN180), using field and pot trial assays, plus a check treatment received no nitrogen supply in order to make research on the anatomical observation on sweet potato tuber root differentiation and expression characteristics of IbEXP1 gene associated with tuber root formation in ammonia nitrogen in 2014 and 2015. Our results showed that the storage root yield of Shangshu 19 associated with more valid tuber root number per plant was significantly higher than Jixu 23 at harvest stage, which was significant difference compared with each other. In addition, nitrogen levels and nitrogen forms had significant interaction effects. The 60 kg hm-2 ammonium nitrogen treatment in two sweet potato genotypes achieved the highest final storage root yield in field experiment and showed higher valid tuber root number per plant, which attributed to the younger tubers whose root diameter between 0.5 cm and 5.0 cm during the canopy closure period. It had been observed that 60 kg hm-2 ammonium nitrogen treatment possessed the most vessels in the primary xylem bundle and the lignified parenchyma cells of the stele tissues in the pre-cambial period, followed with possessing high level expression of IbEXP1 gene, the biggest root diameter and stele diameter and the most number of primary and secondary xylem bundles in the course of primary cambium growth. As the vascular cambium was initiated, relative expression of IbEXP1 gene at 60 kg hm-2ammonium nitrogen treatment and the degree of parenchyma cells lignification were intermediate between no nitrogen application and high nitrogen treatments, however, the diameter of root and stele and the ratio of them were highest, which achieved the perfect harmony in lignification and division of parenchyma cells in tuberization.

Key words: sweet potato, ammonium nitrogen, tuberization, anatomical observation, IbEXP1 gene

Table 1

Fresh yield of storage root and yield traits in field trials at harvest time (in the field, from 2014 to 2015)"

品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 块根产量
FYSR (kg hm-2)		 单株有效薯块数
VSRNP (plant-1)		 平均单薯鲜重
AFWP (g)
商薯19
S19		 N0 40,461.31 b 4.82 b 168.29 d
AN60 43,567.71 a 5.24 a 166.62 d
XN60 39,218.75 c 3.82 c 205.46 b
AN180 37,667.41 d 3.89 c 194.89 c
XN180 35,982.15 e 3.20 d 227.45 a
济徐23
J23		 N0 35,953.13 b 2.96 b 247.16 c
AN60 38,127.61 a 3.95 a 198.25 e
XN60 33,306.37 c 2.62 c 262.35 b
AN180 33,391.93 c 3.20 b 209.66 d
XN180 32,578.13 d 2.38 d 272.92 a

Table 2

Partial correlated coefficients among yield traits in field trials at harvest time (F-value, 2014-2015)"

变异来源
Source of variation		 块根产量
Yield (kg hm-2)		 单株有效薯块数
Valid storage root number per plant
V 34.56* 230.33**
A 30.69** 24.65**
F 16.48** 66.99**
A×F 5.79** 19.91**

Table 3

Valid storage roots number, valid storage root fresh weight per plant and its compositional features during the canopy closure period in pot trials from 2014 to 2015"

品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 薯块鲜重
VSRFWP
(g plant-1)		 薯块数
VSRNP
(per plant)		 YSR (cm) DSR (cm) MSR (cm)
0.5 ≤ Φ < 1.0 1.0 ≤ Φ < 5.0 Φ ≥ 5.0
商薯19
S19		 N0 79.15 b 6.19 b 2.00 cd 2.67 b 1.50 a
AN60 85.97 a 7.17 a 3.00 a 4.00 a 0.34 d
XN60 78.34 b 4.50 c 2.17 c 1.67 c 0.67 b
AN180 77.44 b 4.84 c 2.67 b 1.67 c 0.50 c
XN180 65.01 c 3.34 d 1.67 d 1.05 d 0.67 b
济徐23
J23		 N0 87.41 b 4.00 b 0.67 1.00 c 2.34 a
AN60 96.71 a 5.25 a 1.50 a 2.50 a 1.25 c
XN60 87.79 b 3.17 c 0.84 1.17 bc 1.67 b
AN180 70.59 c 3.00 cd 0.50 1.33 b 1.17 c
XN180 70.30 c 2.67 d 0.75 1.34 b 0.67 d

Fig. 1

Histological observation of conventional paraffin sections of adventitious root on the seventh day after planting stained by safranine and fast green, phloroglucinol and periodic acid-Schiff in 2015 SF: safranine and fast green; Ph: phloroglucinol; PAS: periodic acid-Schiff; Px: primary xylem; PPh: primary phloem."

Fig. 2

Histological observation of conventional paraffin sections of adventitious root on the seventh day after planting stained by safranine and fast green, phloroglucinol and periodic acid-Schiff in 2015 Abbreviations are the same as those given in Fig. 1."

Table 4

Quantitative indices of young root internal structure in different treatments on the seventh day after planting in 2015"

品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 根直径
RD
(mm)		 中柱直径
SD
(mm)		 原生木质部
数目
PSN		 原生木质部
导管数目
PXCN		 木质化薄壁
细胞数目
LPCN		 中柱占
横截面比例
RSCS (%)
商薯19
S19		 N0 0.92 a 0.34 a 5.00 a 27.00 b 3.00 c 11.95 b
AN60 1.00 a 0.38 a 5.33 a 83.00 a 37.00 a 14.62 a
XN60 0.91 a 0.33 a 5.00 a 70.00 a 23.00 b 13.37 a
AN180 0.77 b 0.29 b 5.00 a 38.00 b 18.00 b 14.61 a
XN180 0.79 b 0.27 b 5.00 a 37.00 b 15.00 b 13.47 a
济徐23
J23		 N0 0.94 a 0.31 b 6.00 a 41.00 b 3.00 c 11.11 c
AN60 1.09 a 0.42 a 6.00 a 70.00 a 28.00 a 15.01 a
XN60 0.98 a 0.37 b 6.33 a 62.00 a 24.00 a 14.44 a
AN180 0.95 a 0.35 b 6.00 a 42.00 b 9.00 c 13.77 ab
XN180 0.93 a 0.35 b 6.00 a 32.00 c 18.00 b 14.36 a

Fig. 3

Histological observation of conventional paraffin sections of adventitious root on the 14th day after planting stained by safranine and fast green, phloroglucinol and periodic acid-Schiff in 2015 Sx: secondary xylem; LPCS: lignified parenchyma cell in stele; Vc: vascular cambium."

Fig. 4

Histological observation of conventional paraffin sections of adventitious root on the 14th day after planting stained by safranine and fast green, phloroglucinol and periodic acid-Schiff in 2015 Abbreviations are the same as those given in Fig. 3."

Table 5

Quantitative indices of young root internal structure in different treatments on the 14th day after planting"

品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 根直径
RD (mm)		 中柱直径
SD (mm)		 原生木质部束数目
PSN		 次生木质部束数目
SXN		 木质化薄壁细胞数目
LPCN		 中柱占横截面比例
RSCS (%)
商薯19
S19		 N0 1.22 a 0.88 b 5.00 b 8.00 c 29.00 d 40.96 b
AN60 1.24 a 0.96 a 6.33 a 14.00 a 71.00 c 47.61 a
XN60 1.10 b 0.69 c 6.00 a 10.00 b 68.00 c 47.61 a
AN180 1.14 b 0.74 c 5.00 b 10.00 b 83.00 b 42.19 b
XN180 1.17 b 0.70 c 5.00 b 6.00 c 126.00 a 40.96 b
济徐23
J23		 N0 1.42 ab 0.85 a 7.00 a 9.00 b 19.00 d 33.64 a
AN60 1.53 a 0.85 a 8.00 a 13.00 a 61.00 c 27.04 a
XN60 1.30 b 0.69 b 7.00 a 11.00 ab 59.00 c 28.09 a
AN180 1.48 a 0.85 a 6.00 b 11.00 ab 110.00 a 33.64 a
XN180 1.21 c 0.54 c 6.33 b 10.00 b 91.00 b 20.25 b

Fig. 5

Histological observation of conventional paraffin sections of adventitious root on the 21th day after planting stained by safranine and fast green, phloroglucinol and periodic acid-Schiff in 2015 A: amyloplast; Msv: meristem."

Fig. 6

Histological observation of conventional paraffin sections of adventitious root on the 21th day after planting stained by safranine and fast green, phloroglucinol and periodic acid-Schiff in 2015 Abbreviations are the same as those given in Fig. 5."

Table 6

Quantitative indices of young root internal structure in different treatments on the 21th day after planting in 2015"

品种
Variety		 处理
Treatment		 根直径
RD (mm)		 中柱直径
SD (mm)		 次生维管束数目
SCN		 木质化薄壁细胞数目
LPCN		 中柱占横截面比例
RSCS (%)
商薯19
S19		 N0 1.85 c 1.02 c 10.00 c 45.00 d 15.00 c
AN60 2.56 a 1.46 a 20.00 a 64.00 c 32.00 a
XN60 2.10 b 1.20 b 15.00 b 87.00 b 23.00 b
AN180 2.17 b 1.22 b 16.00 ab 79.00 b 18.00 c
XN180 1.71 c 0.91 c 16.00 ab 102.00 a 30.00 a
济徐23
J23		 N0 2.01 c 1.13 c 11.00 b 30.00 b 18.00 b
AN60 3.39 a 2.07 a 18.00 a 39.00 a 28.00 a
XN60 2.56 b 1.55 b 21.00 a 30.00 b 24.00 ab
AN180 2.22 b 1.41 b 17.00 a 31.00 b 16.00 b
XN180 2.14 c 1.10 c 14.00 b 40.00 a 30.00 a

Fig. 7

Expression level of IbEXP1 gene in root tuberization of sweet potato by qRT-PCR in 2015 Bars superscripted by different letters in each column are significantly different at the 0.05 probability level. DAP: days after planting. Treatments and abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 1 and Table 4, respectively."

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