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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (8): 2080-2087.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.14134

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Suitable soil moisture promotes sugar supply and tuberization in sweet potato at root branching stage

XIE Li-Ming1(), JIANG Zhong-Yu1, LIU Hong-Juan1, HAN Jun-Jie2, LIU Ben-Kui1, WANG Xiao-Lu1, SHI Chun-Yu1,*()   

  1. 1College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University / State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China
    2Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai 265500, Shandong, China
  • Received:2021-07-29 Accepted:2022-01-05 Online:2022-08-12 Published:2022-02-08
  • Contact: SHI Chun-Yu E-mail:1215948128@qq.com;scyu@sdau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    Potato Innovation Program for Chief Expert of Shandong Province(SDAIT-16-01);Key Laboratory of Tropical Horticultural Crop Quality Regulation of Hainan Province(HNZDSYS(YY)-08)

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Abstract:

The objective of this study is to explore the effect of soil moisture on the formation of storage roots in sweet potato and its relationship with the number and uniformity of storage roots. In this experiment, the sweet potato variety Yanshu 25 was used as the experimental material. We performed five soil relative water content levels with 50%±5% (W50), 60%±5% (W60), 70%±5% (W70), 80%±5% (W80), and 90%±5% (W90) at root branching stage. The effects of soil moisture on the content of carbohydrate and the activity of metabolic enzymes in the potential storage roots, as well as the number, uniformity and yield of storage roots at the harvest time were studied by a two-year field experiment. The results showed that the content of sucrose, glucose, and fructose and the activity of sucrose invertase in the potential storage roots of sweet potato in W70 treatment were significantly higher than those of other treatments during 10-35 days after planting. The activity of sucrose synthase and the content of starch in the potential storage roots of sweet potato in W70 treatment were significantly lower than those of other treatments at 10-25 days after planting, while the trend was opposite during 30-35 days after planting. Compared with other treatments, the number of storage roots per plant and the yield of storage root in W70 treatment increased by 14%-120% and 22%-122%, respectively. The variable coefficient of the single storage root weight decreased by 9%-34%. The soil relative water content of 70% at root branching stage of sweet potato was beneficial to the formation of storage roots, which increased the number of storage roots per plant, weight of the single storage root and yield of storage roots, and improved the commercial quality of storage roots at harvest time.

Key words: sweet potato, soil moisture at root branching stage, the supply of hexose, the number of storage roots per plant, storage roots uniformity

Table 1

Physical and chemical properties of soil in test field"

年份
Year		 0-20 cm土层 0-20 cm soil layer 0-40 cm土层 0-40 cm soil layer
有机质
Organic matter
(%)		 碱解氮
Alkaline nitrogen
(mg kg-1)		 速效磷
Available phosphorus
(mg kg-1)		 速效钾
Available potassium
(mg kg-1)		 容重
Bulk density
(g cm-3)		 田间持水量
Field capacity
(%)
2019 1.07 81.23 25.87 80.57 1.25 24.14
2020 1.04 82.09 26.83 79.44 1.27 25.11

Table 2

Storage root yield of sweet potato and its components"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 单株结薯数
Storage root (lump plant-1)		 单薯重
Fresh weight (g lump-1)		 块根产量
Storage root yield (t hm-2)
2019 W50 1.78 e 255.82 c 22.76 e
W60 2.25 d 270.86 bc 30.46 d
W70 3.26 a 309.66 a 50.55 a
W80 2.86 b 289.79 ab 41.50 b
W90 2.51 c 280.33 bc 35.21 c
2020 W50 2.00 c 177.39 b 21.95 c
W60 3.00 bc 201.42 ab 30.59 bc
W70 4.40 a 219.95 a 48.76 a
W80 3.60 ab 207.12 a 38.68 b
W90 3.00 bc 177.78 b 27.83 c

Table 3

Coefficient variation of sweet potato storage root length, diameter and fresh weight at harvest time"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 块根长度Storage root length 块根直径Storage root diameter 单薯重Weight
长度
Length (cm)		 变异系数
CV (%)		 直径
Diameter (mm)		 变异系数
CV (%)		 鲜重
Fresh weight (g lump-1)		 变异系数
CV (%)
2019 W50 21.21 b 22.17 49.53 c 29.73 255.82 c 102.52
W60 23.30 ab 18.52 52.16 c 25.13 270.86 bc 77.04
W70 25.67 a 6.26 78.41 a 7.71 309.66 a 68.10
W80 24.67 a 7.78 74.45 ab 14.64 289.79 ab 74.52
W90 23.50 ab 14.73 69.24 b 16.21 280.33 bc 75.47
2020 W50 11.70 c 37.83 43.32 a 40.78 177.39 b 53.89
W60 14.66 b 20.71 47.17 a 39.07 201.42 ab 51.20
W70 17.84 a 9.41 49.55 a 20.30 219.95 a 36.42
W80 17.35 a 12.17 50.56 a 33.68 207.12 a 43.98
W90 14.03 b 18.38 54.35 a 40.17 177.78 b 51.24

Fig. 1

Effects of soil moisture on the content of sucrose in potential storage roots of sweet potato in 2019 The bars superscripted by different letters indicate significant difference among different treatments in the same period at the 0.05 probability level. Treatments are the same as those given in Table 2."

Fig. 2

Effects of soil moisture on the content of glucose in potential storage roots of sweet potato in 2019 Bars superscripted by different letters indicate significant difference among different treatments in the same period at the 0.05 probability level. Treatments are the same as those given in Table 2."

Fig. 3

Effects of soil moisture on the content of fructose in potential storage roots of sweet potato in 2019 Bars superscripted by different letters indicate significant difference among different treatments in the same period at the 0.05 probability level. Treatments are the same as those given in Table 2. "

Fig. 4

Effects of soil moisture on the content of starch in potential storage roots of sweet potato in 2019 Bars superscripted by different letters indicate significant difference among different treatments in the same period at the 0.05 probability level. Treatments are the same as those given in Table 2."

Fig. 5

Effects of soil moisture on the activity of sucrose invertase (InV) in potential storage roots of sweet potato in 2019 Bars superscripted by different letters indicate significant difference among different treatments in the same period at the 0.05 probability level. Treatments are the same as those given in Table 2."

Fig. 6

Effects of soil moisture on the activity of sucrose synthase (SS) in potential storage roots of sweet potato in 2019 Bars superscripted by different letters indicate significant difference among different treatments in the same period at the 0.05 probability level. Treatments are the same as those given in Table 2."

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