生长前期光照强度对甘薯叶片光合生理和结薯的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.44011

Abstract

Abstract:

This study investigated the impact of different light intensities on leaf photosynthetic physiology and tuberization during the early growth stage of sweet potatoes. The findings contribute to theoretical and practical strategies for achieving high yields through relay intercropping of high-position crops with sweet potatoes. To explore the photosynthetic characteristics, tissue structure, and tuberization of sweet potato leaves, a two-factor split plot experiment was conducted in 2021. The main plot consisted of three sweet potato cultivars with varying root drying rates and leaf types: S1 (Chaoshu 1), S2 (Guangshu 87), S3 (Yusu 162). The subplot included three light intensities: L200 [(200 ± 50) μmol m^-2 s^-1], L500 [(500 ± 50) μmol m^-2 s^-1], L800 [(800 ± 50) μmol m^-2 s^-1]. The results revealed that decreasing light intensity led to reductions in upper epidermis thickness, palisade tissue thickness, spongy tissue thickness, leaf thickness, net photosynthetic rate (P_n), transpiration rate (T_r), stomatal conductance (G_s), RUBP carboxylase activity, number of storage roots per plant, storage root weight per plant, and dry matter weight of storage roots. Among these parameters, the treatment with high light intensity (L800) exhibited the best performance. However, the intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i), chlorophyll a content, chlorophyll b content, carotenoid content, chlorophyll a/b ratio, and storage root drying rate were optimal under low light intensity (L200). Comprehensive evaluation through factor analysis revealed that the S3 variety with high root drying rate performed best under low light intensity, while the S1 variety with low root drying rate performed the worst. Sweet potato leaves primarily enhance light energy capture by increasing the content of photosynthetic pigments and leaf area index. They adapt to low light environments through plasticity in leaf anatomical structure, photosynthetic physiology, and RUBP carboxylase activity.

Key words: sweet potato, light intensity, leaf tissue structure, photosynthetic characteristics, yield

JIANG Yang-Ying, TANG Ming-Jun, ZHANG Lin-Xi, LYU Chang-Wen, TANG Dao-Bin, WANG Ji-Chun. Effect of light intensity on leaf photosynthetic physiology and root system of sweet potato in the early stage of growth[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2024, 50(10): 2575-2585.

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品种 Cultivar	来源 Source	叶形 Leaf shape	干率 Dry matter content (%)
潮薯1号 Chaoshu 1	广东省农业科学院作物研究所 Crop Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences	浅复缺刻 Lobed leaf margin	15
广薯87 Guangshu 87	广东省农业科学院作物研究所 Crop Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences	深复缺刻 Dissected leaf margin	24
渝苏162 Yusu 162	重庆市甘薯研究中心, 江苏省农业科学研究院 Chongqing Sweet Potato Research Center, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences	心脏形 Heart-shaped leaf shape	31

品种 Sweet potato cultivar	光照强度 Light intensity	上表皮厚度 Upper epidermis thickness (μm)	下表皮厚度 Lower epidermis thickness (μm)	栅栏组织厚度 Palisade tissue thickness (μm)	海绵组织厚度 Spongy tissue thickness (μm)	叶片厚度 Blade thickness (μm)	叶面积指数 LAI
S1	L200	14.03±0.76 h	31.17±0.30 a	44.19±2.89 f	57.92±3.00 e	147.31±2.52 g	5.85±0.09 a
	L500	21.47±0.36 e	25.49±1.12 c	60.99±1.00 d	75.44±7.74 c	183.39±6.05 d	3.84±0.30 d
	L800	25.89±0.53 c	20.93±1.50 e	81.97±0.53 a	95.09±3.02 a	223.89±1.38 a	3.44±0.06 e
S2	L200	24.67±0.85 d	29.12±0.35 b	43.63±1.80 f	45.41±0.58 f	142.83±1.84 g	4.10±0.10 c
	L500	27.36±0.24 b	24.29±0.82 cd	59.33±0.48 d	64.83±0.23 d	175.81±1.59 e	3.80±0.08 d
	L800	28.91±0.33 a	24.08±0.32 cd	76.77±0.09 b	82.29±3.53 b	212.05±3.59 b	3.03±0.11 f
S3	L200	16.77±0.96 g	23.68±0.07 d	42.28±0.74 f	73.91±0.88 c	156.64±2.46 f	5.02±0.08 b
	L500	18.29±0.21 f	24.35±1.04 cd	56.68±1.83 e	83.61±3.97 b	182.93±4.18 d	3.56±0.04 e
	L800	21.63±0.22 e	23.68±0.07 d	69.85±0.86 c	84.40±3.27 b	199.56±3.85 c	3.00±0.06 f
方差分析(F值) ANOVA (F-value)
品种Sweet potato cultivar (S)		776.75^**	25.37^**	75.60^**	105.24^**	40.43^**	120.50^**
光照强度Light intensity (L)		372.67^**	82.84^**	1482.52^**	112.69^**	577.78^**	422.51^**
品种×光照强度(S×L)		50.51^**	30.24^**	13.10^**	11.55^**	16.24^**	33.64^**

品种 Sweet potato cultivar	光照强度 Light intensity	净光合速率 P_n (μmol m^-2 s^-1)	胞间CO₂浓度 C_i (μmol mol^-1)	蒸腾速率 T_r (mmol m^-2 s^-1)	气孔导度 G_s (mol m^-2 s^-1)	RUBP羧化酶活性 RUBP carboxylase activity (IU g^-1)
S1	L200	7.92±0.79 e	365.90±4.60 a	1.46±0.03 g	0.31±0.02 g	0.83±0.01 e
	L500	16.74±0.45 c	323.33±0.79 c	1.88±0.05 e	0.42±0.00 d	1.13±0.00 c
	L800	19.81±0.17 b	267.80±5.09 d	3.33±0.16 b	0.53±0.00 b	1.20±0.02 a
S2	L200	8.84±0.34 e	362.55±1.69 a	1.38±0.05 gh	0.35±0.01 f	1.02±0.00 d
	L500	14.05±0.70 d	327.35±2.32 c	2.68±0.05 c	0.43±0.02 d	1.12±0.02 c
	L800	21.33±1.81 a	244.92±3.98 f	3.54±0.07 a	0.62±0.01 a	1.17±0.02 b
S3	L200	8.13±0.29 e	342.95±2.99 b	1.28±0.07 h	0.33±0.01 fg	0.77±0.01 f
	L500	12.78±0.56 d	255.99±0.03 e	1.63±0.02 f	0.37±0.00 e	1.03±0.02 d
	L800	16.35±0.23 c	180.59±2.53 g	2.17±0.04 d	0.47±0.01 c	1.16±0.01 b
方差分析(F值) ANOVA (F-value)
品种 Sweet potato cultivar (S)		41.53^**	965.31^**	312.35^**	81.04^**	98.85^**
光照强度 Light intensity (L)		382.36^**	3708.55^**	1168.95^**	688.97^**	1276.49^**
品种×光照强度(S×L)		11.27^**	106.51^**	89.66^**	22.75^**	93.47^**

品种 Sweet potato cultivar	光照强度 Light intensity	叶绿素a含量 Chlorophyll a content (mg g^-1)	叶绿素b含量 Chlorophyll b content (mg g^-1)	类胡萝卜素含量 Carotenoid content (mg g^-1)	叶绿素a/b Chlorophyll a/b
S1	L200	2.54±0.06 d	0.51±0.11 cd	0.04±0.00 c	5.11±1.21 ab
	L500	1.90±0.07 f	0.35±0.01 g	0.03±0.00 d	5.50±0.14 ab
	L800	2.01±0.13 f	0.37±0.03 fg	0.04±0.00 d	5.37±0.17 ab
S2	L200	3.17±0.13 b	0.68±0.02 b	0.05±0.00 b	4.67±0.05 b
	L500	2.41±0.10 de	0.46±0.02 de	0.04±0.00 c	5.28±0.04 ab
	L800	2.31±0.04 e	0.42±0.01 efg	0.04±0.00 c	5.48±0.03 ab
S3	L200	3.93±0.18 a	0.81±0.05 a	0.07±0.00 a	4.87±0.13 b
	L500	2.46±0.09 de	0.43±0.02 ef	0.04±0.00 c	5.71±0.09 a
	L800	2.95±0.14 c	0.55±0.02 c	0.05±0.00 b	5.41±0.03 ab
方差分析(F值) ANOVA (F-value)
品种 Sweet potato cultivar (S)		743.09^**	56.84^**	348.63^**	0.88
光照强度 Light intensity (L)		155.80^**	79.58^**	95.18^**	5.04^*
品种×光照强度(S×L)		11.69^**	5.26^*	10.37^**	0.49

品种 Sweet potato cultivar	光照强度 Light intensity	单株结薯数 Storage root number (lump plant^-1)	单株薯重 Storage root weight per plant (g plant^-1)	块根干物质重 Storage root dry matter weight (g)	块根干率 Storage root drying rate (%)
S1	L200	3.00±0.00 cd	133.08±6.82 e	22.70±1.45 e	0.17±0.01 f
	L500	3.67±0.58 bc	210.53±2.85 b	34.19±0.06 d	0.16±0.00 g
	L800	5.33±0.58 a	232.65±3.32 a	37.07±0.58 c	0.16±0.00 g
S2	L200	3.67±0.58 bc	95.82±3.41 f	22.05±0.54 e	0.23±0.00 d
	L500	4.33±0.58 b	149.27±6.41 d	33.14±1.23 d	0.22±0.01 e
	L800	5.33±0.58 a	179.47±8.54 c	40.80±1.48 b	0.23±0.00 de
S3	L200	2.33±0.58 d	125.69±4.20 e	38.32±1.00 c	0.31±0.00 a
	L500	3.00±0.00 cd	147.72±5.11 d	41.13±1.64 b	0.28±0.00 b
	L800	4.33±0.58 b	184.48±0.69 c	48.30±0.85 a	0.26±0.00 c
方差分析(F值) ANOVA (F-value)
品种 Sweet potato cultivar (S)		15.50^*	119.48^**	215.39^**	668.29^**
光照强度 Light intensity (L)		31.50^**	833.15^**	373.68^**	117.21^**
品种×光照强度 (S×L)		0.38	34.71^**	20.00^**	45.66^**

Effect of light intensity on leaf photosynthetic physiology and root system of sweet potato in the early stage of growth

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