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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (3): 771-784.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.43034

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• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of nitrogen reduction on maize yield and N2O emission under green manure returning in Hexi oasis irrigation area

LIU Ya-Long1,2(), WANG Peng-Fei1,2, YU Ai-Zhong1,2,*(), WANG Yu-Long1,2, SHANG Yong-Pan1,2, YANG Xue-Hui1,2, YIN Bo1,2, ZHANG Dong-Ling1,2, WANG Feng1,2   

  1. 1College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
    2State Key Laboratory of Aridland Habitat Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
  • Received:2024-07-26 Accepted:2024-12-12 Online:2025-03-12 Published:2024-12-12
  • Contact: *E-mail: yuaizh@gsau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program(2022YFD1900200);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32160524);China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-22-G-12);Fuxi Outstanding Talent Cultivation Program of Gansu Agricultural University(GAUfx-04J01);Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(22JR5RA867)

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Abstract:

This study investigated the response of maize yield and N2O emission characteristics to nitrogen reduction under green manure incorporation in an oasis irrigation area. The aim was to provide a theoretical basis for developing a nitrogen application system that ensures stable yields while reducing emissions in this region. A field experiment was conducted at the Wuwei Oasis Agricultural Experimental Station of Gansu Agricultural University. Treatments included the traditional nitrogen application rate (N100) combined with green manure, and nitrogen application rates reduced by 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% (N90, N80, N70, and N60, respectively) under the same green manure conditions. The results showed no significant differences in maize yield among N100, N90, and N80, but their yields were significantly higher than those of N70 and N60. The global warming potential (GWP) of N2O emissions decreased with the reduction in nitrogen application rates. Notably, the N2O emission intensity (GHGI) was lowest under N80, which was 14.3% lower than that under N100. During the maize growth period, the peak N2O emission flux occurred after fertilization, with peak values increasing as nitrogen application rates increased. Compared to N100, cumulative N2O emissions under N90, N80, N70, and N60 were significantly reduced. However, cumulative emissions under N90 and N80 were 18.0% and 9.4% higher than those under N70, and 28.6% and 19.3% higher than those under N60, respectively (P < 0.05). The average concentrations of NH4+-N and NO3--N in the 0-110 cm soil layer decreased as nitrogen application rates were reduced during the maize growth period. Compared to N100, average NH4+-N concentrations under N90, N80, N70, and N60 decreased by 6.4%, 9.9%, 15.3%, and 21.3%, respectively, with significant differences. Similarly, average NO3--N concentrations decreased by 5.6%, 11.5%, 9.2%, and 24.5%, respectively, with significant differences. Correlation analysis revealed a positive relationship between nitrogen application rates, soil NH4+-N and NO3--N concentrations, and N2O emissions. Nitrogen application rates influenced farmland N2O emissions by regulating soil NH4+-N and NO3--N concentrations, making them the primary factors driving N2O emissions. Therefore, a 20% reduction in nitrogen application under green manure incorporation is recommended as a suitable nitrogen management strategy to achieve stable yields and emission reductions in arid oasis irrigation regions.

Key words: green manure, reducing nitrogen, yield, N2O emissions, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen

Fig. 1

Changes in daily average temperature and precipitation during the experimental period from 2021 to 2022"

Table 1

Treatment code and nitrogen application rate (kg hm-2)"

处理
Treatment		 基肥
Base fertilizer		 追肥Top application 总施氮量
Total
大喇叭口期
Flare opening stage		 灌浆初期
Early filling stage
N100 108 180 72 360
N90 98 162 64 324
N80 86 144 58 288
N70 76 126 50 252
N60 64 128 44 216

Fig. 2

Schematic diagram of field experiment from 2020 to 2022 A and B represent the crop sequence of maize-spring wheat-common vetch and the crop sequence of spring wheat-common vetch-maize, respectively."

Table 2

Irrigation schedule of different crops in different periods"

作物
Crop		 生育时期
Growth stage		 灌溉量
Irrigation norm (mm)
玉米 Maize 拔节期Jointing 90
大喇叭口期Pre-heading 75
抽雄吐丝期Silking 90
灌浆初期Flowering 75
灌浆中期Filling 75
小麦 Wheat 苗期Seedling 75
孕穗期Booting 90
灌浆期Filling 75
绿肥 Green manure 苗期Seedling 70
现蕾期Budding 90

Fig. 3

Changes in maize, wheat grain yield under different treatments from 2021 to 2022 Treatments are the same as those given in Table 1. A and B represent maize grain yield and wheat grain yield, respectively. Different lowercase letters in the same year indicate significant differences among treatments at the P < 0.05 level. Error bars represent standard error."

Fig. 4

N2O emission fluxes of different treatments in the whole growth period of maize from 2021 to 2022 Treatments are the same as those given in Table 1. A and B represent the dynamic change of N2O emission flux during the whole growth period of maize under different treatments and the average N2O emission flux during the whole growth period of maize, respectively. Different lowercase letters in the same year indicate significant differences among treatments at the P < 0.05 level. Error bars represent standard error."

Fig. 5

Total soil N2O emissions under different treatments from 2021 to 2022 Treatments are the same as those given in Table 1. Different lowercase letters in the same year indicate significant differences among treatments at the P < 0.05 level. Error bars represent standard error."

Table 3

N2O global warming potential and N2O emission intensity under different treatments from 2021 to 2022"

处理
Treatment		 全球增温潜势
Global warming potential (kg eq-CO2 hm-2)		 N2O排放强度
N2O emission intensity (kg eq-CO2 kg-1)
2021 2022 2021 2022
N100 607.0 ± 12.1 a 604.0 ± 2.5 a 42.2 ± 1.97 a 38.5 ± 0.25 a
N90 562.1 ± 9.5 b 568.6 ± 5.4 b 38.3 ± 0.96 cd 35.8 ± 0.67 b
N80 529.3 ± 5.1 c 517.7 ± 3.0 c 36.4 ± 0.12 d 32.9 ± 0.41 c
N70 477.5 ± 7.4 d 480.0 ± 3.9 d 39.8 ± 0.85 ab 38.3 ± 0.23 a
N60 437.4 ± 4.5 e 442.3 ± 11.0 e 42.3 ± 0.56 a 39.1 ± 1.11 a

Fig. 6

Content of ammonium nitrogen in 0-110 cm soil layer under different treatments during the whole growth period of maize from 2021 to 2022 Treatments are the same as those given in Table 1. Error bars represent value of LSD."

Fig. 7

Average NH4+-N content in 0-110 cm soil layer during the whole growth period of maize under different treatments changed from 2021 to 2022 Treatments are the same as those given in Table 1. Different lowercase letters in the same year indicate significant differences among treatments at the P < 0.05 level. Error bars represent standard error."

Fig. 8

Content of nitrate nitrogen in 0-110 cm soil layer under different treatments during the whole growth period of maize from 2021 to 2022 Treatments are the same as those given in Table 1. Error bars represent value of LSD."

Fig. 9

Average NO3--N content in 0-110 cm soil during the whole growth period of maize under different treatments from 2021 to 2022 Treatments are the same as those given in Table 1. Different lowercase letters in the same year indicate significant differences among treatments at the P < 0.05 level. Error bars represent standard error."

Fig. 10

Correlation between soil N2O emissions and various factors from 2021 to 2022 C, Ti, AA, and AN represent the cumulative emission of N2O, nitrogen application rate and the average NH4+-N and NO3--N contents in 0-110 cm soil layer during the whole growth period of maize, respectively. A1-A7 and N1-N7 represent the contents of NH4+-N and NO3--N in 0-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-50, 50-70, 70-90, and 90-110 cm soil layers, respectively. * indicates significant correlation at the 0.05 probability level."

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