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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (2): 516-525.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.44074

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION · PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of climate warming on yield, quality-related and agronomic traits of winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)

CHEN Yu-Ting1,DING Xiao-Yu2,XU Ben-Bo1,ZHANG Xue-Kun1,XU Jin-Song1,*,YIN Yan1,*   

  1. 1College of Agronomy, Yangtze University / Key Laboratory of Green and Efficient Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Engineering Research Center of Wetland Ecology and Agricultural Use, Ministry of Education, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China; 2Institute of Oil Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, Hubei, China
  • Received:2024-05-04 Revised:2024-09-18 Accepted:2024-09-18 Online:2025-02-12 Published:2024-09-30
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs: Planting Zoning of Rapeseed, Occurrence of Pests and Diseases and Technical Monitoring and Investigation of Disaster Resistant Varieties and Technology (152303046), the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs: Improving Rapeseed Yield Potential Ability in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (152304045), and the Hubei Province Agriculture Extension Fund: Rapeseed Production Chain Technology Extenstion and Service.

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Abstract:

The Middle Yangtze River basin is the most important region for rapeseed production in China. To investigate the impact of spatiotemporal changes in rainfall and temperature on rapeseed production in this region, we conducted a study using the elite rapeseed variety Huayouza 12, the control variety for the Middle Yangtze River group in the national rapeseed regional trial. The variety was planted at six test sites from 2013 to 2023, during which we recorded yield, quality-related traits, and other agronomic characteristics. Simultaneously, we collected meteorological data from each test site. We then analyzed the relationships between climate variables, such as rainfall and temperature during critical growth stages, and agronomic traits, including yield. The results showed that over the past decade, annual average rainfall significantly decreased. Rainfall during the sowing stage increased significantly and exhibited considerable fluctuations, while it decreased markedly during the seedling, flowering, and maturation stages, with relatively stable levels during the silique-developing stage. Additionally, the annual average temperature across the six sites increased significantly. Temperatures during the sowing and seedling stages decreased by approximately 2°C, fluctuated dramatically during bolting and maturation stages each year, and increased by more than 2°C during the flowering stage. Multiple regression analysis revealed a significant correlation between increased precipitation during key growth periods and reduced yield, leading to rapeseed production decreases of 9.6%, 12.8%, and 6.7% in three separate years, respectively. Canonical correlation analysis indicated that rainfall during the sowing stage and average temperature during the seedling stage were negatively correlated with the number of siliques per plant but positively correlated with the number of seeds per silique and 1000-seed weight. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between rainfall during the sowing and silique-developing stages, as well as average temperatures during the sowing, seedling, bolting, flowering, and silique-developing stages, and the incidence of Sclerotinia disease. Given the observed spatiotemporal trends in rainfall and temperature, we suggest that special attention should be given to waterlogging in rapeseed cultivation. This includes breeding varieties with improved waterlogging tolerance, enhancing drainage and irrigation capacity in paddy fields, and strengthening the prevention and control of secondary disasters such as Sclerotinia disease to minimize waterlogging damage and ensure high and stable seed yields in rapeseed.

Key words: rapeseed, yield, rainfall, waterlogging, temperature, agronomic traits, climate warming

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