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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (3): 812-822.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.42027

• RESEARCH NOTES • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Evaluation of cold tolerance of japonica rice varieties at germination stage and construction of identification system

HOU Tian-Yu1(), DU Xiao-Jing1,2, ZHAO Zhi-Qiang1, REYIM Anwar1, YIDAYETULA Abula1, BUHALIQIEMU Abulizi1, YUAN Jie1,*(), ZHANG Yan-Hong1,*(), WANG Feng-Bin1,2,*()   

  1. 1Institute of Nuclear Technology and Biotechnology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Crop Biotechnology, Urumqi 830091, Xinjiang, China
    2Institute of Food Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, Xinjiang, China
  • Received:2024-06-03 Accepted:2024-10-25 Online:2025-03-12 Published:2024-11-12
  • Contact: *E-mail: xjnkywfb@163.com; E-mail: zhangyanhong9527@163.com; E-mail: 649289794@qq.com
  • Supported by:
    Key Research and Development Program of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2022B02001-5);China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-01-85)

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Abstract:

To identify key indicators of cold tolerance during the germination stage of japonica rice and to explore cold-tolerant germplasm resources, 98 japonica rice germplasm lines were evaluated under controlled conditions in an artificial climate chamber. The relative values of morphological traits were used as indicators of cold tolerance. Principal component analysis revealed that germination rate, germination index, and shoot length could serve as reliable indicators for identifying cold-tolerant japonica rice varieties at the germination stage. Based on membership function analysis, the comprehensive evaluation D values for the different japonica rice varieties ranged from 0.290 to 0.798. The 98 varieties were classified into four cold tolerance groups: 16 cold-tolerant varieties in Category I, 35 varieties in Category II, and 47 varieties of intermediate tolerance. A significantly positive correlation was observed between the relative index values and the D values. Comprehensive evaluation identified the top 10 cold-tolerant varieties, with X13 (Xindao 42), X47 (TY 2), and X50 (Xincejing 1) classified as Class I. The cold-tolerant germplasm identified in this study can serve as valuable material for the breeding of cold-tolerant rice varieties and for research on the underlying mechanisms of cold tolerance. Additionally, these findings provide a theoretical reference for the study of cold tolerance in rice germplasm resources.

Key words: japonica rice (Oryza sativa), low temperature stress, cold tolerance at germination stage, evaluation indexes

Fig. 1

Effect of low temperature stress on growth traits at bud stage of rice CK: control; LT: low temperature stress; LT-CK: the mean difference between low temperature stress treatment and control. ***: P < 0.001. a-f: are germination potential, germination rate, germination index, root length, bud length, and root number, respectively."

Table 1

Differences in germination stage of different japonica rice varieties"

指标
Index		 最小值
Min.		 最大值
Max.		 平均值
Average		 标准偏差
Standard deviation		 峰度
Kurtosis		 偏度
Skewness		 变异系数
Coefficient variation
常温发芽势NTGP (%) 48.00 100.00 85.86 0.17 -0.39 -1.14 0.20
低温发芽势LTGP (%) 0 48.67 4.12 0.08 20.74 4.18 1.87
相对发芽势RGP (%) 0 50.00 5.16 0.09 13.55 3.36 1.65
常温发芽率NTGR (%) 58.70 100.00 88.49 0.15 -0.65 -1.07 0.17
低温发芽率LTGR (%) 8.00 100.00 72.52 0.19 0.22 -0.69 0.27
相对发芽率RGR (%) 14.00 98.00 81.26 0.15 6.04 -1.86 0.18
常温发芽指数NTGI 14.76 27.52 23.83 4.35 -0.46 -1.15 0.18
低温发芽指数LTGI 2.33 18.56 8.68 2.43 4.01 1.01 0.28
相对发芽指数RGI (%) 9.00 69.00 36.43 0.07 7.73 1.15 0.20
常温芽长NTSL (cm) 4.97 12.33 7.67 1.33 1.23 0.77 0.17
低温芽长LTSL (cm) 0.50 1.76 1.13 0.26 -0.45 0.14 0.23
相对芽长RSL (%) 7.00 29.00 15.23 0.05 -0.07 0.60 0.31
常温根长NTRL (cm) 3.67 15.33 7.58 2.11 1.14 0.78 0.28
低温根长LTRL (cm) 0.08 1.65 0.44 0.26 6.12 2.02 0.60
相对根长RRL (%) 1.00 20.00 5.97 0.03 3.75 1.59 0.58

Table 2

Cold-tolerance indices of different rice at germination stage (%)"

编号
Number		 品种
Variety		 相对发芽势
RGP		 相对发芽率
RGR		 相对发芽指数
RGI		 相对芽长
RSL		 相对根长
RRL
X01 新稻1号 Xindao 1 0.29 0.81 0.52 0.16 0.06
X02 新稻8号 Xindao 8 0.07 0.56 0.30 0.16 0.07
X03 新稻10号 Xindao 19 0.23 0.14 0.27 0.16 0.05
X04 新稻13号 Xindao 13 0 0.97 0.38 0.20 0.07
X05 新稻14号 Xindao 14 0 0.93 0.38 0.20 0.05
X06 新稻19号 Xindao 19 0 0.86 0.37 0.13 0.07
X07 新稻28号 Xindao 28 0.22 0.72 0.42 0.20 0.06
X08 新稻29号 Xindao 29 0.21 0.74 0.44 0.21 0.04
X09 新稻30号Xindao 30 0.07 0.82 0.38 0.15 0.10
X10 新稻35号Xindao 35 0 0.77 0.35 0.17 0.11
X11 新稻36号Xindao 36 0.05 0.85 0.37 0.19 0.03
X12 新稻39号Xindao 39 0.08 0.88 0.40 0.20 0.09
X13 新稻42号Xindao 42 0.50 0.98 0.68 0.10 0.03
X14 新稻44号Xindao 44 0.03 0.97 0.40 0.19 0.09
X15 新稻47号Xindao 47 0 0.57 0.27 0.20 0.07
X16 新稻48号Xindao 48 0.12 0.91 0.42 0.21 0.10
X17 新稻49号Xindao 49 0.11 0.94 0.43 0.27 0.13
X18 新稻11号Xindao 11 0.07 0.99 0.42 0.23 0.20
X19 新稻17号Xindao 17 0.01 0.76 0.33 0.13 0.03
X20 新稻21号Xindao 21 0 0.98 0.38 0.16 0.03
X21 新稻23号Xindao 23 0.01 0.81 0.35 0.10 0.13
X22 88-10 0.02 0.78 0.32 0.15 0.03
X23 NJ47 0 0.95 0.38 0.16 0.07
X24 WYD 4 0.06 0.91 0.42 0.26 0.19
X25 超吨1号Chaodun 1 0.05 0.63 0.27 0.13 0.06
X26 秋田小町Qiutianxiaoding 0 0.84 0.35 0.13 0.06
X27 丰锦Fengjin 0.01 0.96 0.38 0.26 0.05
X28 超优1号Chaoyou 1 0.06 0.77 0.37 0.12 0.04
X29 新稻45号Xindao 45 0.01 0.80 0.35 0.12 0.04
X30 03GY28-1-10-2-2-1-1 0.04 0.86 0.39 0.14 0.05
X31 A4 0.05 0.71 0.32 0.07 0.06
X32 LD18 0 0.58 0.27 0.13 0.06
X33 丰锦(日本) Fengjin 0 0.53 0.23 0.09 0.08
X34 04-18 0 0.91 0.36 0.12 0.06
X35 Hua118 0.05 0.93 0.39 0.11 0.05
X36 一见钟情Yijianzhongqing 0.12 0.68 0.37 0.09 0.05
X37 18-27 0.10 0.89 0.43 0.15 0.06
X38 农科843 Nongke 843 0.11 0.95 0.45 0.15 0.06
X39 SNXD 1 0.12 0.97 0.46 0.10 0.07
X40 NJ 24 0.09 0.84 0.41 0.13 0.06
X41 NXD 0.09 0.72 0.33 0.14 0.05
X42 99-28 0.04 0.89 0.38 0.13 0.03
X43 辽旱109 Liaohan 109 0 0.89 0.35 0.18 0.06
X44 长粳香 Changjingxiang 0.03 0.76 0.33 0.15 0.05
X45 新稻50号Xindao 50 0.05 0.74 0.33 0.18 0.04
X46 旱稻502 Handao502 0.11 0.83 0.42 0.17 0.05
X47 TY 2 0.48 0.98 0.69 0.09 0.14
X48 新粳2号Xinjing 2 0.01 0.20 0.09 0.07 0.06
X49 新粳3号Xinjing 3 0.06 0.73 0.34 0.09 0.09
X50 新策粳1号Xincejing 1 0.20 0.84 0.46 0.09 0.14
X51 新策粳2号Xincejing 2 0 0.66 0.28 0.14 0.06
X52 新粳伊2号Xinjingyi 2 0.01 0.85 0.25 0.13 0.07
X53 新粳伊3号Xinjingyi 3 0.01 0.77 0.34 0.13 0.04
X54 新农粳伊4号Xinnongjingyi 4 0.01 0.72 0.30 0.20 0.05
X55 新农粳2号Xinnongjing 2 0.01 0.78 0.34 0.29 0.11
X56 新农粳3号Xinnongjing 3 0 0.73 0.33 0.16 0.07
X57 新农粳4号Xinnongjing 4 0.01 0.82 0.37 0.16 0.07
X58 新农粳8号Xinnongjing 8 0.01 0.69 0.32 0.16 0.06
X59 新粳伊24号Xinjingyi 24 0.02 0.54 0.29 0.14 0.07
X60 新粳伊20号Xinjingyi 20 0 0.78 0.35 0.22 0.08
X61 新粳4号Xinjing 4 0.01 0.73 0.32 0.23 0.08
X62 新粳6号Xinjing 6 0.08 0.88 0.43 0.19 0.13
X63 新粳7号Xinjing 7 0.01 0.87 0.36 0.21 0.04
X64 新粳8号Xinjing 8 0.04 0.87 0.39 0.23 0.11
X65 新粳9号Xinjing 9 0.01 0.95 0.34 0.13 0.07
X66 新粳10号Xinjing 10 0 0.92 0.37 0.21 0.05
X67 12GY11-5-4-3-1 0 0.98 0.40 0.17 0.06
X68 12GY11-5-4-3-2 0.06 0.79 0.37 0.21 0.06
X69 15GY114-2-5-2 0.06 0.88 0.42 0.21 0.05
X70 14GY40-12-2-2-3 0.04 0.77 0.37 0.14 0.05
X71 ZKF 5 0.06 0.84 0.40 0.16 0.07
X72 ZKF 6 0.04 0.84 0.37 0.14 0.04
X73 JH 6 0.02 0.83 0.33 0.13 0.05
X74 15GY114-2-5-3-10 0.04 0.85 0.35 0.14 0.06
X75 15GY65-3-2-1 0.01 0.77 0.31 0.13 0.06
X76 禾稻1号Hedao 1 0.01 0.93 0.38 0.10 0.02
X77 QTXD 0.02 0.68 0.32 0.11 0.04
X78 软米3号Ruanmi 3 0.01 0.68 0.31 0.13 0.02
X79 塔稻8号Tadao 8 0.02 0.75 0.31 0.18 0.07
X80 新稻37号Xindao 37 0 0.73 0.32 0.11 0.06
X81 新稻46号Xindao 46 0.03 0.96 0.40 0.16 0.02
X82 新稻57号Xindao 57 0.03 0.93 0.39 0.10 0.04
X83 新稻58号Xindao 58 0.01 0.77 0.31 0.11 0.02
X84 新粳11号Xinjing 11 0.03 0.83 0.36 0.11 0.01
X85 新粳12号Xinjing 12 0.01 0.95 0.37 0.09 0.02
X86 新粳13号Xinjing 13 0.01 0.88 0.35 0.15 0.02
X87 新粳15号Xinjing 15 0.01 0.96 0.35 0.10 0.03
X88 新粳16号Xinjing 16 0.01 0.92 0.33 0.15 0.04
X89 新粳251 Xinjing251 0.01 0.71 0.30 0.11 0.02
X90 新粳252 Xinjing252 0.02 0.80 0.35 0.09 0.02
X91 新粳621 Xinjing621 0.01 0.89 0.37 0.11 0.01
X92 新粳糯1号Xinjingnuo 1 0.01 0.74 0.34 0.15 0.03
X93 新粳香1号Xinjingxiang 1 0.01 0.63 0.28 0.12 0.04
X94 新粳香5号Xinjingxiang 5 0 0.95 0.36 0.21 0.02
X95 新粳伊6号Xinjingyi 6 0.18 0.86 0.44 0.09 0.02
X96 新农粳伊3号Xinnongjingyi 3 0.02 0.97 0.40 0.09 0.01
X97 新稻621号Xindao 621 0.01 0.97 0.39 0.16 0.06
X98 HH 6220 0 0.98 0.37 0.22 0.03

Table 3

Principal component analysis of each trait at the budding stage of rice"

指标
Item		 特征向量Eigen vector
主成分1 PC1 主成分2 PC2 主成分3 PC3
相对发芽势RGP 0.341 -0.335 0.467
相对发芽率RGR 0.311 0.073 -0.681
相对发芽指数RGI 0.459 -0.168 -0.086
相对芽长RSL 0.124 0.646 -0.061
相对根长RRL 0.196 0.451 0.511
特征值Eigen value 2.093 1.303 1.049
贡献率Contribution ratio (%) 41.864 26.069 20.973
累积贡献率Cumulative contribution ratio (%) 41.864 67.933 88.906
权重Weight 0.471 0.293 0.236

Table 4

Germplasm, D value, and ranking of high cold-tolerance materials"

编号
Code		 高耐冷种质
Germplasm name		 D值
D value		 排名
Rank		 编号
Code		 种质
Germplasm name		 D值
D value		 排名
Rank
X24 WYD 4 0.717 1 X01 新稻1号Xindao 1 0.532 11
X18 新稻11号 Xindao11 0.710 2 X12 新稻39号Xindao 39 0.520 12
X47 TY 2 0.695 3 X07 新稻28号Xindao 28 0.520 13
X17 新稻49号Xindao 49 0.645 4 X08 新稻29号Xindao 29 0.501 14
X55 新农粳2号Xinnongjing 2 0.579 5 X09 新稻30号Xindao 30 0.493 15
X62 新粳6号Xinjing 6 0.573 6 X10 新稻35号Xindao 35 0.491 16
X50 新策粳1号Xincejing 1 0.558 7 X61 新粳4号Xinjing 4 0.488 17
X16 新稻48号Xindao 48 0.555 8 X14 新稻44号Xindao 44 0.482 18
X64 新粳8号Xinjing 8 0.553 9 X03 新稻10号Xindao 10 0.478 19
X13 新稻42号Xindao 42 0.543 10 X60 新粳伊20号Xinjingyi 20 0.475 20

Fig. 2

Comprehensive cluster analysis of cold tolerance at germination stage of different rice varieties Abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 2. Red represents the first group, blue represents the second group, green represents the third group, and purple represents the fourth group, respectively."

Table 5

Statistics of clustering results"

性状
Characters		 类群Taxa
I II III IV
相对发芽势RGP 0.13 a 0.02 b 0.04 b 0.05 b
相对发芽率RGR 0.80 ab 0.88 a 0.84 a 0.73 b
相对发芽指数RGI 0.42 a 0.36 b 0.36 b 0.34 b
相对芽长RSL 0.12 b 0.14 b 0.19 a 0.17 a
相对根长RRL 0.07 ab 0.04 c 0.05 bc 0.08 a
D值D value 0.45 a 0.37 b 0.43 a 0.47 a

Fig. 3

Seed germination of cold-tolerant varieties after 14 days of low-temperature stress The varieties in A, B, and C are Xindao 42, TY2, and Xincejing 1, respectively."

Fig. 4

Correlation analysis between cold tolerance index values of rice at germination stage Abbreviations are the same as those in Table 1. Red represents a positive correlation, blue represents a negative correlation, and the darker the color, the greater the correlation. * and ** indicate significance correlations at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively."

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