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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (2): 447-458.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2025.44104

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION · PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effect of phosphorus fertilizer rates on crop yield, phosphorus uptake and its stability in rapeseed-rice rotation system

WANG Chong-Ming,LU Zhi-Feng,YAN Jin-Yao,SONG Yi,WANG Kun-Kun,FANG Ya-Ting,LI Xiao-Kun,REN Tao,CONG Ri-Huan,LU Jian-Wei*   

  1. College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
  • Received:2024-06-26 Revised:2024-09-18 Accepted:2024-09-18 Online:2025-02-12 Published:2024-10-10
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China “Comprehensive Model and Application of Obstacle Reduction and Productivity Improvement of Low-yield Fields in the Water-dry Rotation Area of the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River” (2023YFD1901100), the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA (CARS-12), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2662021ZH001). 

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Abstract:

The rapeseed-rice rotation system is a key cropping pattern in the Yangtze River Basin, where achieving high and stable yields is essential for food and oil security. Phosphorus (P) fertilization is a common practice in the cultivation of both rapeseed and rice. To assess the effects of P fertilization on the productivity and stability of this rotation system, a 7-year field experiment was conducted from 2016 to 2023 in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. The experiment included five P fertilizer treatments: 0, 45, 90, 135, and 180 kg P2O5 hm-2. The study evaluated crop yield, P uptake, energy yield stability, and productivity risk. The results indicated that P fertilization significantly increased the yields of both rapeseed and rice, with a more pronounced effect observed in rapeseed. Specifically, rapeseed yield increased by 2.3 to 12.5 times, with the highest yield achieved at 90 kg P2O5 hm-2. This increase was primarily due to a higher number of pods per plant, followed by improvements in seed weight and seeds per pod. Rice yield increased by 4.4% to 17.1%, peaking at 45 kg P2O5 hm-2, largely due to an increase in effective panicle number per plant and grains per panicle. Phosphorus accumulation in the aboveground biomass of both crops increased with higher P application rates, with rapeseed showing a 5.0- to 11.8-fold increase and rice showing a 22.9% to 46.2% increase, leading to an annual rotation increase of 50.2% to 118.8%. The phosphorus recovery efficiency (PRE) for rapeseed peaked at P application rates of 45 to 90 kg P2O5 hm-2, while for rice, the maximum PRE was observed at 45 kg P2O5 hm-2. Beyond this rate, further P application resulted in decreased PRE. P fertilization also notably improved the yield stability of rapeseed, with the highest stability observed at 45 kg P2O5 hm-2. Yield stability in rapeseed was positively correlated with the stability of P accumulation, the number of pods per plant, and the number of seeds per pod. In contrast, rice exhibited higher yield stability and P uptake than rapeseed, with no significant effect from additional P input. Overall, P fertilization significantly enhanced the system's annual energy yield, reaching its peak at 90 kg P2O5 hm-2 during the rapeseed season and between 45 and 90 kg P2O5 hm-2 during the rice season, thereby supporting high production levels. In conclusion, the optimal P fertilizer application rates for the rapeseed-rice rotation system are 90 kg P2O5 hm-2 for rapeseed and 45 kg P2O5 hm-2 for rice. These rates effectively balance maximum energy yield with system stability while optimizing P fertilizer use efficiency.

Key words: rapeseed-rice rotation, yield, phosphorus uptake, yield stability, system productivity risk

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