多元化种植模式下秸秆还田配合水氮管理对水稻产量形成与氮素吸收利用的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.32039

Abstract

Abstract:

To study the effects of different precrop straw return and water and N management on rice yield formation, dry matter accumulation and distribution, and N uptake and utilization under diversified cropping patterns. In 2018-2019, hybrid rice F you 498 was used as the experimental material, and a three-factor split plot design was adopted. The main plot was conducted with three planting modes of rape-rice (P_y), wheat-rice (P_x), and cabbage-rice (P_q). In the field, the split area was equipped with two water management methods including conventional flooding irrigation (W₀) and alternating wet and dry irrigation (W₁). The split area was equipped with three N levels including no N treatment (N₀), conventional N application treatment (N₁), and precise N reduction (N₂). The decomposition rate, N release rate, dry matter accumulation, and the distribution of various rice nutrient organs, plant N uptake and utilization of straw returned to the field under different treatments at jointing, heading, and maturity stages, and grain yield were analyzed and measured. The results showed that the average yield of P_y increased by 2.55% and 13.99%, respectively, compared with P_x and P_q, mainly due to its higher effective panicles and 1000-grain weight. P_ypromoted the accumulation of dry matter and N in various nutrient organs, which was beneficial to dry matter distribution, to improve the stem sheath N contribution rate and N fertilizer utilization rate, the average total dry matter accumulation and total N accumulation at each stage of P_y increased by 5.25%, 7.48%, and 14.60%, 17.30%, respectively, compared with P_xand P_q. The partial factor productivity of N increased significantly by 24.90% compared with P_q, but the straw decomposition rate and N release rate of P_y were lower. The rice yield of W₁ treatment under the three modes increased by 5.10% (P_y), 1.76% (P_x), and 4.80% (P_q), respectively, compared with W₀ treatment. W₁ treatment promoted straw decomposition and N release, promote dry matter accumulation and N uptake and transport are beneficial to dry matter distribution in P_y and P_xmodes, thereby improving N fertilizer utilization efficiency. Under the same straw return and water management, N₂ treatment promoted straw decomposition and N release, which was beneficial to dry matter distribution and N transport, and increased N accumulation in stem sheaths and leaves at heading and maturity stages, thus improving N fertilizer utilization efficiency. However, the yields and dry matter accumulations in N₂ treatment decreased slightly compared with those in the N₁ treatment, but there was significant difference between them. Comprehensive analysis showed that under the rape-rice planting model, returning rapeseed straw to the field combined with alternating dry and wet irrigation and precise N reduction (120 kg hm^-2) was beneficial to dry matter accumulation and distribution, N uptake and transport, and thus improving the agronomic efficiency of N, and partial factor productivity of N, and can save 20% of N fertilizer input to achieve stable and efficient rice production.

Key words: rice, diversified cropping patterns, straw returning to field, water and N management, yield formation, N uptake and utilization

HU Ming-Ming, DING Feng, PENG Zhi-Yun, XIANG Kai-Hong, LI Yu, ZHANG Yu-Jie, YANG Zhi-Yuan, SUN Yong-Jian, MA Jun. Effects of straw returning to field combined with water and N management on rice yield formation and N uptake and utilization under diversified cropping patterns[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2024, 50(5): 1236-1252.

Figures/Tables 9

Fig. 1

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Effects of straw returning to field combined with water and N management on straw decomposition rate and N release rate under diversified cropping patterns"

处理 Treatment			秸秆腐解率Straw decomposition rate (%)			N释放率N release rate (%)
处理 Treatment			拔节期 Jointing	齐穗期 Heading	成熟期 Maturity	拔节期 Jointing	齐穗期 Heading	成熟期Maturity
P_y	W₀	N₀	14.53 e	26.44 d	33.76 d	24.58 b	40.77 b	48.97 c
		N₁	23.81 c	35.47 c	49.57 c	27.47 a	41.53 ab	50.08 c
		N₂	25.35 bc	36.53 bc	51.28 c	26.83 a	42.56 ab	52.30 ab
	均值Average		21.23	32.81	44.88	26.30	41.63	50.79
	W₁	N₀	16.49 d	27.54 d	35.65 d	22.45 c	41.90 ab	49.64 c
		N₁	25.62 b	37.62 b	53.69 b	27.18 a	42.03 ab	52.13 b
		N₂	27.61 a	42.62 a	56.50 a	26.61 a	43.81 a	53.65 a
	均值Average		23.24	35.93	48.62	25.42	42.58	51.81
P_x	W₀	N₀	18.43 d	27.63 b	34.47 c	21.71 d	44.29 c	53.86 c
		N₁	24.47 c	38.66 a	55.36 b	30.88 a	44.92 c	55.06 bc
		N₂	27.57 b	40.60 a	55.53 b	29.72 ab	46.25 c	58.28 a
	均值Average		23.48	35.63	48.46	27.57	45.17	55.74
	W₁	N₀	19.33 d	28.50 b	36.47 c	24.35 c	44.90 c	55.80 b
		N₁	26.47 b	39.55 a	56.30 b	29.54 ab	50.70 b	57.92 a
		N₂	29.63 a	40.52 a	59.27 a	28.72 b	53.61 a	58.83 a
	均值Average		25.15	36.19	50.68	27.54	49.73	57.52
P_q	W₀	N₀	70.57 e	74.50 c	79.53 d	72.06 a	72.83 b	74.17 b
		N₁	76.40 c	78.67 b	86.59 ab	73.57 a	74.65 a	75.06 ab
		N₂	77.68 bc	80.30 b	87.46 b	73.55 a	75.03 a	76.21 ab
	均值Average		74.89	77.83	84.53	73.05	74.17	75.14
	W₁	N₀	73.63 d	75.51 c	81.37 c	71.62 a	73.92 ab	74.93 ab
		N₁	78.82 b	82.53 a	88.35 ab	72.56 a	74.98 a	75.74 ab
		N₂	80.68 a	83.46 a	89.63 a	72.00 a	75.13 a	76.98 a
	均值Average		77.71	80.50	86.45	72.06	74.68	75.88
F值 F-value		P	65,359.04^**	200,044.57^**	47,149.16^**	132,294.38^**	24,912.98^**	1474.51^**
		W	413.85^**	2563.92^**	282.93^**	3.00 ns	38.62^**	21.45^**
		N	408.47^**	15,057.63^**	5254.44^**	109.74^**	22.64^**	66.51^**
		P×W	10.64^*	355.69^**	12.95^**	1.42ns	15.77^**	1.16 ns
		P×N	8.02^**	507.66^**	364.99^**	19.99^**	4.03^**	2.02 ns
		W×N	0.27 ns	127.02^**	14.59^**	1.50 ns	2.51 ns	1.70 ns
		P×W×N	0.31 ns	120.63^**	5.94^**	5.00^*	4.24^**	1.18 ns

Table 3

Table 4

Effects of straw returning to field combined with water and N management on rice dry matter accumulation under diversified cropping patterns"

处理 Treatment			拔节期Jointing		齐穗期Heading			成熟期Maturity			收获指数 Harvest index
处理 Treatment			茎鞘 Stem sheath	叶 Leaf	茎鞘 Stem sheath	叶 Leaf	穗 Panicle	茎鞘 Stem sheath	叶 Leaf	穗 Panicle	收获指数 Harvest index
P_y	W₀	N₀	1113.38 c	664.05 b	2962.43 b	917.18 c	1006.92 b	2100.04 c	740.80 b	6200.61 c	0.69 a
		N₁	1704.77 ab	1048.62 a	5129.31 a	2009.36 b	1482.33 a	3469.70 b	1585.77 a	9344.37 ab	0.65 b
		N₂	1637.99 b	1011.64 a	5245.73 a	1976.31 b	1392.52 a	3489.79 ab	1540.37 a	9030.19 b	0.64 b
	均值Average		1485.38	908.11	4445.82	1634.30	1293.93	3019.85	1288.98	8191.72	0.66
	W₁	N₀	1124.75 c	682.53 b	2831.02 b	939.17 c	1027.17 b	2136.47 c	755.35 b	6189.72 c	0.68 a
		N₁	1945.54 a	1195.29 a	5568.86 a	2085.37 ab	1520.01 a	3678.36 ab	1645.97 b	9870.51 a	0.65 b
		N₂	1811.08 ab	1115.25 a	5880.09 a	2164.15 a	1421.79 a	3763.46 a	1669.77 a	9759.62 ab	0.64 b
	均值Average		1627.12	997.69	4759.99	1729.60	1322.98	3192.76	1357.03	8606.62	0.65
P_x	W₀	N₀	1024.72 b	657.27 b	2867.01 c	898.54 c	982.48 b	2081.99 c	731.87 b	6011.75 a	0.68 a
		N₁	1655.94 a	989.93 a	4681.76 b	1891.40 b	1362.11 a	3199.36 b	1505.76 a	9182.41 a	0.66 bc
		N₂	1638.72 a	981.22 a	4915.01 ab	1920.15 a	1312.71 a	3332.93 ab	1522.19 a	8952.41 a	0.65 c
	均值Average		1439.79	876.14	4154.59	1570.00	1219.10	2871.43	1253.28	8048.86	0.66
	W₁	N₀	1121.58 b	664.59 b	2961.35 c	914.22 c	983.14 b	2230.11 c	735.10 b	6034.48 b	0.67 ab
		N₁	1731.74 a	1083.37 a	4892.76 ab	1931.60 ab	1379.68 a	3240.28 b	1511.84 a	9333.28 a	0.66 bc
		N₂	1714.86 a	1050.06 a	5289.58 a	2038.32 a	1315.27 a	3469.19 a	1587.60 a	9211.06 a	0.65 c
	均值Average		1522.73	932.67	4381.23	1628.10	1226.03	2979.86	1278.18	8192.94	0.66
P_q	W₀	N₀	1014.59 b	612.13 b	2702.58 b	758.84 c	960.42 b	1927.36 c	643.92 c	6008.35 b	0.70 a
		N₁	1648.50 a	980.37 a	4199.52 a	1530.1 b	1358.73 a	2912.69 b	1221.16 b	8481.31 a	0.67 b
		N₂	1638.79 a	917.29 a	4417.26 a	1664.74 ab	1293.68 a	3067.35 ab	1283.36 ab	8244.25 a	0.65 c
	均值Average		1433.96	836.60	3773.13	1317.90	1204.28	2635.80	1049.48	7577.97	0.67
	W₁	N₀	1103.21 b	641.05 b	2613.99 b	786.33 c	967.75 b	1954.44 c	653.04 c	6027.06 b	0.70 a
		N₁	1708.05 a	992.62 a	4259.65 a	1638.75 ab	1374.99 a	3066.94 ab	1304.95 a	8534.76 a	0.66 bc
		N₂	1676.24 a	885.18 a	4499.22 a	1702.75 a	1318.13 a	3081.24 a	1305.02 a	8476.73 a	0.66 bc
	均值Average		1495.83	839.62	3790.95	1375.90	1220.30	2700.88	1087.67	7679.52	0.67
F值 F-value		P	2.60 ns	14.96^**	20.01^**	94.39^**	10.63^**	181.21^**	28.35^**	22.58^**	0.78 ns
		W	7.51^*	11.88^**	2.05 ns	12.13^**	0.98 ns	21.90^**	11.89^**	2.79 ns	0.17 ns
		N	152.64^**	82.21^**	232.55^**	976.82^**	124.78 ns	485.82^**	485.21^**	318.66^**	3.92^*
		P×W	0.28 ns	6.06^*	0.46 ns	0.38 ns	0.14 ns	1.61 ns	1.01 ns	0.55 ns	0.04 ns
		P×N	0.30 ns	0.67 ns	3.43^**	6.30^**	0.54 ns	4.94^**	4.16^**	2.99^*	0.14 ns
		W×N	0.26 ns	0.49 ns	1.69 ns	1.55 ns	0.03 ns	0.35 ns	0.64 ns	1.08 ns	0.12 ns
		P×W×N	0.58 ns	0.29 ns	0.37 ns	0.64 ns	0.01 ns	0.77 ns	0.32 ns	0.25 ns	0.04 ns

Table 4

Table 5

Effects of straw returning to field combined with water and N management on rice dry matter transport under diversified cropping patterns"

处理 Treatment			茎鞘干物质转运 Stem sheath dry matter transport			叶片干物质转运Leaf dry matter transport
处理 Treatment			转运量 Transfer amount (kg hm^-2)	输出率 Output rate (%)	贡献率Contribution rate (%)	转运量 Transfer amount (kg hm^-2)	输出率 Output rate (%)	贡献率Contribution rate (%)
P_y	W₀	N₀	862.39 bc	29.05 b	14.16 b	176.37 b	19.21 b	2.85 c
		N₁	1659.60 ab	32.14 a	17.88 a	423.58 a	21.12 ab	4.53 a
		N₂	1755.93 a	32.63 a	19.44 a	435.93 a	22.05 ab	4.82 a
	均值Average		1425.98	31.28	17.16	345.30	20.80	4.07
	W₁	N₀	694.55 c	23.32 b	11.25 b	183.81 b	19.56 ab	2.97 bc
		N₁	1890.49 a	33.39 a	19.29 a	439.40 a	21.05 ab	4.45 ab
		N₂	2116.62 a	35.98 a	21.76 a	494.38 a	22.75 a	5.09 a
	均值Average		1567.22	30.89	17.44	372.53	21.12	4.17
P_x	W₀	N₀	785.01 b	27.31 b	13.03 b	166.67 b	18.53 b	2.77 b
		N₁	1482.39 a	31.51 a	16.27 a	385.63 a	20.49 ab	4.24 a
		N₂	1582.08 a	31.91 a	17.77 a	397.96 a	20.85 ab	4.44 a
	均值Average		1283.16	30.24	15.69	316.77	19.95	3.82
	W₁	N₀	731.23 b	24.52 b	12.15 b	179.12 b	19.46 ab	2.92 b
		N₁	1652.47 a	33.76 a	17.69 a	419.76 a	21.71 ab	4.51 a
		N₂	1820.38 a	33.82 a	19.81 a	450.76 a	22.03 a	4.91 a
	均值Average		1401.36	30.70	16.55	349.88	21.07	4.12
P_q	W₀	N₀	775.21 bc	28.61 a	13.03 b	114.91 b	14.50 b	1.87 c
		N₁	1286.83 ab	30.44 a	15.13 a	308.94 a	20.24 a	3.69 ab
		N₂	1349.91 ab	30.51 a	16.34 a	381.38 a	22.62 a	4.67 a
	均值Average		1137.33	29.86	14.84	268.41	19.12	3.41
	W₁	N₀	659.54 c	25.22 b	11.04 b	133.28 b	16.93 b	2.24 b
		N₁	1192.70 abc	26.99 b	14.13 a	333.79 a	20.30 a	3.89 a
		N₂	1417.98 a	31.22 a	16.64 a	397.72 a	23.15 a	4.69 a
	均值Average		1090.07	27.81	13.94	288.27	20.13	3.60
F值 F-value		P	6.33^*	0.87 ns	1.92 ns	13.61^**	1.79 ns	7.70^*
		W	0.26 ns	0.09 ns	0.01 ns	6.26^*	1.12 ns	2.37 ns
		N	33.77^**	5.93^**	8.81^**	45.82^**	4.94^**	18.33^**
		P×W	0.18 ns	0.11 ns	0.14 ns	0.06 ns	0.10 ns	0.20 ns
		P×N	3.89^*	0.39 ns	0.28 ns	0.19 ns	0.37 ns	0.22 ns
		W×N	0.99 ns	1.22 ns	0.71 ns	3.12^*	0.03 ns	0.01 ns
		P×W×N	0.13 ns	0.18 ns	0.06 ns	0.04 ns	0.03 ns	0.05 ns

Table 5

Table 6

Effects of straw returning to field combined with water and N management on rice N accumulation under diversified cropping patterns"

处理 Treatment			拔节期Jointing		齐穗期Heading			成熟期Maturity
处理 Treatment			茎鞘 Stem sheath	叶 Leaf	茎鞘 Stem sheath	叶 Leaf	穗 Panicle	茎鞘 Stem sheath	叶 Leaf	穗 Panicle
P_y	W₀	N₀	11.65 c	17.04 c	16.93 c	17.02 b	11.40 c	8.46 b	8.55 b	60.33 b
		N₁	17.64 a	34.26 a	50.28 b	54.67 a	20.09 a	24.02 a	22.04 a	106.41 a
		N₂	16.85 b	32.93 b	55.29 a	54.71 a	19.23 b	25.33 a	22.10 a	93.83 a
	均值Average		15.39	28.08	40.84	42.15	16.91	19.28	17.57	86.86
	W₁	N₀	11.17 c	16.38 c	19.68 c	23.35 c	12.89 b	9.72 b	10.67 b	58.19 b
		N₁	23.36 a	36.61 a	53.39 b	55.69 b	23.62 a	25.31 a	25.26 a	107.96 a
		N₂	21.39 b	32.99 b	56.74 a	59.69 a	22.75 a	26.37 a	26.78 a	96.25 a
	均值Average		18.65	28.66	43.27	46.25	19.76	20.14	20.91	87.48
P_x	W₀	N₀	11.09 c	17.17 c	15.99 b	17.76 c	11.42 b	9.48 b	6.48 c	57.74 b
		N₁	18.95 a	28.94 a	45.40 a	47.73 b	18.27 a	16.99 a	16.98 b	104.61 a
		N₂	17.37 b	26.35 b	47.17 a	52.77 a	17.42 a	17.21 a	18.50 a	98.26 a
	均值Average		15.81	24.16	36.19	39.43	15.71	14.55	13.99	86.88
	W₁	N₀	11.06 c	18.60 c	19.22 c	20.64 c	11.83 b	9.54 c	7.47 c	61.83 b
		N₁	19.65 a	29.77 a	48.18 b	50.50 b	20.71 a	17.78 b	17.27 b	115.72 a
		N₂	17.09 b	26.97 b	54.82 a	56.99 a	19.70 a	19.71 a	19.15 a	106.75 a
	均值Average		15.94	25.12	40.75	42.72	17.41	15.68	14.64	94.77
P_q	W₀	N₀	8.80 c	13.91 c	12.94 b	13.71 b	10.48 b	7.54 b	4.78 b	57.48 b
		N₁	17.52 a	24.34 a	43.11 a	44.50 a	18.93 a	17.34 a	13.87 a	103.22 a
		N₂	15.98 b	21.48 b	44.15 a	45.93 a	18.79 a	17.47 a	14.19 a	99.40 a
	均值Average		14.11	19.91	33.40	34.72	16.07	14.13	10.96	86.71
	W₁	N₀	10.27 c	15.46 c	14.25 c	15.30 c	11.87 b	7.60 b	5.71 b	60.05 b
		N₁	18.31 a	24.35 a	43.94 b	46.51 b	19.74 a	17.71 a	16.26 a	106.67 a
		N₂	16.60 b	21.61 b	45.75 a	48.59 a	19.26 a	18.02 a	16.60 a	101.63 a
	均值Average		15.06	20.48	34.65	36.80	16.97	14.44	12.87	89.46
F值 F-value		P	160.12^**	2052.90^*	522.32^**	168.68^**	97.47^**	286.05^**	5841.70^**	8.54^*
		W	118.68^**	255.48^**	60.21^**	152.28^**	193.97^**	13.91^**	35.62^**	26.19^**
		N	1495.94^**	13,019.27^**	4718.69^**	6628.52^**	729.50^**	1944.95^**	1365.30^**	1950.72^**
		P×W	49.37^**	8.44^*	7.45^*	5.25^*	193.97^**	1.33 ns	5.59^*	8.69^*
		P×N	3.82^*	698.13^**	13.62^**	16.46^**	3.60^*	77.31^**	18.86^**	5.47^*
		W×N	20.13^**	10.59^**	1.70 ns	5.11^*	3.15 ns	1.01 ns	2.79 ns	2.95 ns
		P×W×N	24.17^**	31.90^**	3.64^*	3.71^*	2.24 ns	3.49^*	1.66 ns	0.83 ns

Table 6

Table 7

Effects of straw returning to field combined with water and N management on rice N transport under diversified cropping patterns"

处理 Treatment			茎鞘氮素转运Stem sheath N transport			叶片氮素转运Leaf N transport
处理 Treatment			转运量 Transfer amount (kg hm^-2)	输出率 Output rate (%)	贡献率Contribution rate (%)	转运量 Transfer amount (kg hm^-2)	输出率 Output rate (%)	贡献率Contribution rate (%)
P_y	W₀	N₀	8.46 c	50.01 a	14.03 c	8.47 b	49.75 b	14.04 c
		N₁	26.25 b	52.19 a	24.70 b	32.62 a	59.65 a	30.78 b
		N₂	29.95 a	54.16 a	31.95 a	32.61 a	59.60 a	34.76 a
	均值Average		21.56	52.12	23.56	24.57	56.34	26.53
	W₁	N₀	9.95 c	50.58 a	17.11 c	12.68 c	54.30 a	21.79 c
		N₁	28.07 b	52.54 ab	25.99 b	30.43 b	54.63 a	28.18 b
		N₂	31.37 a	55.28 a	32.59 a	32.91 a	55.12 a	34.19 a
	均值Average		23.14	52.80	25.23	25.34	54.69	28.05
P_x	W₀	N₀	6.50 b	40.65 b	11.27 c	11.28 c	63.50 a	19.53 c
		N₁	28.46 a	62.61 a	27.20 b	30.75 b	64.39 a	29.39 b
		N₂	29.96 a	63.46 a	30.50 a	34.26 a	64.91 a	34.89 a
	均值Average		21.64	55.58	22.99	25.43	64.27	27.94
	W₁	N₀	9.68 c	50.31 b	15.64 c	13.17 c	63.79 b	21.33 c
		N₁	30.40 b	63.09 a	26.28 b	33.23 b	65.79 a	28.75 b
		N₂	35.10 a	64.03 a	32.88 a	37.83 a	66.37 a	35.44 a
	均值Average		25.07	59.45	24.94	28.08	65.32	28.51
P_q	W₀	N₀	5.39 b	41.59 b	9.38 b	8.93 b	65.08 a	15.54 b
		N₁	25.77 a	59.76 a	24.98 a	30.62 a	68.85 a	29.67 a
		N₂	26.67 a	60.35 a	26.90 a	31.74 a	69.04 a	31.98 a
	均值Average		19.28	53.90	20.42	23.77	67.75	25.74
	W₁	N₀	6.64 b	46.61 b	11.09 c	9.58 b	62.63 a	15.96 c
		N₁	26.34 a	59.93 a	24.69 b	30.24 a	65.07 a	28.36 b
		N₂	27.63 a	60.37 a	27.20 a	31.99 a	65.81 a	31.47 a
	均值Average		20.21	55.64	20.99	23.94	64.50	25.27
F值 F-value		P	65.74^**	42.28^**	238.25^**	25.18^**	2025.45^**	10.83^*
		W	35.55^**	19.56^**	18.17^**	15.43^**	3.20^*	3.28^*
		N	1244.18^**	178.65^**	490.53^**	2058.42^**	15.91^**	436.07^**
		P×W	5.08^*	3.49 ns	1.64 ns	5.98^*	3.09 ns	2.56 ns
		P×N	3.65^*	24.66^**	4.29^**	2.71 ns	1.38 ns	3.43^*
		W×N	0.59 ns	6.22^**	3.61^*	4.29^*	3.19^*	10.38^**
		P×W×N	0.67 ns	2.11 ns	0.71 ns	4.02^*	3.39^*	3.75^*

Table 7

Table 8

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年份 Year	前茬田 Preceding fields	全氮 Total N (g kg^-1)	有机质 Organic matter (g kg^-1)	碱解氮 Alkali hydrolyzed N (mg kg^-1)	速效磷 Available P (mg kg^-1)	速效钾 Available K (mg kg^-1)
2018	油菜Rape	1.63	41.44	124.32	18.54	231.26
	小麦Wheat	1.51	33.27	115.32	17.33	193.73
	青菜Cabbage	1.32	31.78	107.30	16.89	224.89
2019	油菜Rape	1.85	44.78	136.10	20.74	239.75
	小麦Wheat	1.66	35.56	118.32	18.78	197.78
	青菜Cabbage	1.45	32.85	109.46	17.57	231.45

处理 Treatment			有效穗数 Effective panicles (×10⁴ hm^-2)	每穗颖花数 Spikelets per panicle	结实率 Seed-setting rate (%)	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	产量 Yield (kg hm^-2)
P_y	W₀	N₀	90.1 d	225.54 a	93.94 ab	31.97 d	6068.44 c
		N₁	137.3 b	231.66 a	91.38 bc	32.84 bcd	9303.67 ab
		N₂	119.2 c	229.43 a	90.34 c	33.35 abc	8772.68 b
	均值Average		115.5	228.81	91.90	32.72	8046.26
	W₁	N₀	91.2 d	221.17 a	95.45 ab	32.23 cd	6149.43 c
		N₁	147.5 a	230.92 a	91.40 bc	33.79 ab	9796.36 a
		N₂	128.8 bc	228.27 a	91.27 c	34.40 a	9698.83 a
	均值Average		122.5	226.79	92.71	33.47	8548.21
P_x	W₀	N₀	85.9 c	244.59 a	93.17 a	31.49 c	5983.57 b
		N₁	127.7 ab	245.62 a	92.98 a	32.50 ab	9166.53 a
		N₂	122.5 b	242.99 ab	92.34 a	32.98 a	8910.31 a
	均值Average		112.0	244.40	92.83	32.32	8020.14
	W₁	N₀	94.4 c	218.67 c	93.31 a	31.92 bc	5990.72 b
		N₁	136.7 a	227.50 abc	92.98 a	32.75 a	9292.24 a
		N₂	136.2 ab	222.92 bc	92.41 a	33.09 a	9200.85 a
	均值Average		122.4	223.03	92.90	32.59	8161.27
P_q	W₀	N₀	91.6 c	219.91 a	91.84 a	31.23 c	5215.41 b
		N₁	126.3 ab	221.25 a	90.65 a	32.64 b	8194.23 a
		N₂	117.9 b	220.72 a	88.82 a	33.06 ab	7913.04 a
	均值Average		111.9	220.62	90.44	32.31	7107.56
	W₁	N₀	94.0 c	200.20 a	94.94 a	31.68 c	5423.67 b
		N₁	138.4 a	205.83 a	92.41 a	33.53 ab	8532.27 a
		N₂	134.2 a	200.85 a	92.13 a	33.87 a	8394.27 a
	均值Average		122.2	202.29	93.16	33.03	7450.07
F值 F-value		P	0.35 ns	3.70 ns	0.26 ns	18.61^**	80.42^**
		W	32.71^**	6.79^**	7.82^**	7.30^**	6.70^**
		N	202.22^**	0.18 ns	8.50^**	54.68^**	302.79^**
		P×W	0.48 ns	1.27 ns	6.36^*	0.55 ns	0.67 ns
		P×N	4.43^*	0.26 ns	6.30^*	1.00 ns	0.35 ns
		W×N	5.03^*	0.12 ns	0.35 ns	0.51 ns	1.26 ns
		P×W×N	0.28 ns	0.27 ns	0.09 ns	0.53 ns	0.21 ns

处理 Treatment			氮肥农学利用率 Agronomic efficiency of N (kg kg^-1)	氮肥偏生产力 Partial factor productivity of N (kg kg^-1)
P_y	W₀	N₀	—	—
		N₁	21.56 a	62.02 c
		N₂	21.59 a	72.16 b
	均值Average		21.57	67.09
	W₁	N₀	—	—
		N₁	24.31 a	65.30 c
		N₂	29.57 a	80.82 a
	均值Average		26.94	73.06
P_x	W₀	N₀	—	—
		N₁	23.66 a	61.11 b
		N₂	23.76 a	63.88 ab
	均值Average		23.71	62.49
	W₁	N₀	—	—
		N₁	24.07 a	63.05 ab
		N₂	24.19 a	65.95 a
	均值Average		24.13	64.50
P_q	W₀	N₀	—	—
		N₁	19.63 a	54.40 a
		N₂	18.88 a	54.85 a
	均值Average		19.26	54.63
	W₁	N₀	—	—
		N₁	20.87 a	56.88 a
		N₂	20.72 a	58.27 a
	均值Average		20.79	57.58
F值 F-value		P	3.33^*	123.52^**
		W	3.85^*	24.11^**
		N	3.95^*	46.24^**
		P×W	3.45^*	7.59^*
		P×N	1.21	20.60^**
		W×N	3.50^*	6.74^*
		P×W×N	0.93	3.01

Effects of straw returning to field combined with water and N management on rice yield formation and N uptake and utilization under diversified cropping patterns

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