条带垄覆对西南黄壤坡耕地径流和高粱水分利用的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.24226

Abstract

Abstract:

Aiming at the problems such as prominent seasonal drought, large loss of precipitation and runoff, low yield-benefit of sorghum in southwest sloping farmland in China. During 2020-2021, the 7° yellow soil gentle slope cultivated land of previous spring corn was taken as the research object in the southwestern mountains area of Guizhou Province. The effects of three different treatments of traditional open field plain cropping (CK), alternating plastic film strip mulching only on ridge and furrow planting (RFM), and alternating whole maize straw strip mulching only on ridge and furrow planting (RSM) on runoff, water consumption characteristics, water use efficiency, yield and net economic benefits of sorghum were studied under the Transverse Slope Planting Model (TSPM: crop row direction is perpendicular to slope direction). Compared with CK, both RFM and RSM treatments under the TSPM significantly decreased rain-runoff depth during the whole growth period by 27.3% and 42.1% on average, and the water intake coefficient increased by 9.5 and 14.6 percentage points on average, respectively. The water consumption during the growth period of sorghum was significantly increased by the two strip-mulching only on ridges and cross planting in furrows, and the water consumption during the jointing stage to heading stage and the grain-filling stage to maturity stage were significantly (r = 0.51^*) and extremely significantly (r = 0.81^**) positively correlated with the grain yield, respectively. Compared with CK, RFM and RSM significantly increased biomass, kernels per spike and 1000-grain weight at maturity, and grain yield for sorghum was significantly increased by 8.5% and 6.2%, respectively, while water use efficiency was significantly decreased by 12.6% and 21.4%, respectively. Strip-mulching ridge treatments could increase the soil water storage of 0-100 cm soil profile during the whole sorghum growth stage, increase water consumption amount from jointing to heading and from grain-filling to maturity stage. Strip-mulching also improved the growth and development of sorghum plants and the formation of grain yield. Compared with CK, the increase of sorghum straw yield (21.4%) in maturity was significantly higher than that of grain yield (7.3%). Although the increase of straw yield reduced the water use efficiency, it was an important guarantee for grain yield increase. Compared with CK, the average net economic benefit and the output/input for RSM treatment increased by 2962.9 Yuan hm^-2 and 2.3%, respectively, while the average net economic benefit and the output/input for RFM treatment decreased by 1502.6 Yuan hm^-2 and 32.6%, respectively, due to the obvious increase of labor intensity, mechanical and plastic film input. Therefore, RSM treatment can significantly improve effectiveness of precipitation and achieve double increase yield and net economic benefit, which is a feasible model to increase the yield-income of sorghum in yellow soil slope farmland in southwest China.

Key words: strip-mulching ridge, runoff, water utilization, sorghum yield, net economic benefit

CHEN Yu-Zhang, WU Song-Guo, LU Cheng-Lin, LI Rui, GONG Li-Juan, WEN Yue, NING Jia-Xin, WU Yu-Han. Effects of strip-mulching ridges on runoff and soil water use for sorghum in southwest yellow soil slope farmland[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2024, 50(5): 1325-1340.

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年份 Year	处理 Treatment	径流量 Runoff amount (mm)	径流系数 Runoff coefficient (%)	降雨土壤蓄水量 Soil water storage of rainfall (mm)	纳水系数 Rainfall storage coefficient (%)
2020	RFM	176.4±2.3 b	23.5±0.16 b	572.6±2.3 b	76.5±0.16 b
	RSM	134.4±2.3 c	17.9±0.18 c	614.6±2.3 a	82.1±0.18 a
	CK	252.7±1.4 a	33.7±0.19 a	496.3±1.4 c	67.3±0.19 c
2021	RFM	219.0±1.7 b	29.1±0.19 b	608.4±1.7 b	73.5±0.19 b
	RSM	181.1±2.3 c	24.1±0.17 c	646.3±2.3 a	78.1±0.17 a
	CK	291.9±1.5 a	38.8±0.19 a	535.5±1.5 c	64.7±0.19 c
2年平均 2-year average	RFM	197.7±2.1 b	25.0±0.13 b	590.5±2.2 b	75.0±0.13 b
	RSM	157.8±2.2 c	19.9±0.16 c	630.5±2.4 a	80.1±0.16 a
	CK	272.3±2.1 a	34.5±0.13 a	515.9±1.9 c	65.5±0.14 c

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	农田耗水量 Field evapotranspiration (mm)	降水量 Rainfall (mm)	土壤贮水消耗量 Soil water consumption (mm)	水分利用效率 Water use efficiency (kg hm^-2 mm^-1)
2020	RFM	664.6±21.4 b	748.9	86.2±10.7 a	9.0±0.1 b
	RSM	717.9±35.2 a	748.9	98.9±17.6 a	8.3±0.2 c
	CK	529.8±15.7 c	748.9	26.9±7.8 b	10.5±0.2 a
2021	RFM	773.9±7.1 b	827.4	106.7±4.3 b	8.3±0.1 b
	RSM	846.6±8.5 a	827.4	141.5±1.4 a	7.3±0.2 c
	CK	629.6±6.3 c	827.4	45.3±1.7 c	9.3±0.2 a
2年平均 2-year average	RFM	719.2±9.3 b	788.2	96.4±10.8 b	8.6±0.1 b
	RSM	782.3±15.8 a	788.2	120.2±18.2 a	7.8±0.2 c
	CK	579.7±5.4 c	788.2	36.1±7.1 c	9.9±0.2 a

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	土层 Soil layer
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	0-20 cm	20-40 cm	40-60 cm	60-80 cm	80-100 cm
2020	RFM	14.9±0.9 a	10.7±0.8 b	21.7±1.1 b	17.6±0.4 a	21.3±0.8 a
	RSM	13.6±0.4 ab	32.1±0.7 a	27.9±1.0 a	16.9±5.5 a	8.1±1.0 b
	CK	12.8±1.2 b	10.6±0.3 b	11.3±0.6 c	1.3±0.4 b	-9.1±1.5 c
2021	RFM	19.1±0.9 b	29.6±1.0 a	26.9±1.5 b	14.8±0.5 b	16.3±0.3 b
	RSM	24.8±1.0 a	18.9±0.4 b	29.6±0.7 a	37.2±0.5 a	31.0±1.0 a
	CK	16.6±0.8 c	9.0±0.2 c	16.0±0.7 c	2.6±0.2 c	1.1±1.6 c
2年平均 2-year average	RFM	17.0±0.8 b	20.2±0.7 b	24.3±0.6 b	16.2±0.4 b	18.8±0.3 a
	RSM	19.2±0.5 a	25.5±0.2 a	28.7±0.6 a	27.1±3.0 a	19.5±0.1 a
	CK	14.7±0.9 c	9.8±0.1 c	13.7±0.5 c	2.0±0.3 c	-4.0±1.5 c

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	移栽至拔节 Transplanting to jointing		拔节至抽穗 Jointing to heading		抽穗至灌浆 Heading to grain-filling		灌浆至成熟 Grain-filling to maturity
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	数量 Amount (mm)	比例 Ratio (%)	数量 Amount (mm)	比例 Ratio (%)	数量 Amount (mm)	比例 Ratio (%)	数量 Amount (mm)	比例 Ratio (%)
2020	RFM	187.2±6.3 a	28.2±0.6 a	266.7±3.5 b	40.1±1.2 b	-16.8±1.6 b	-2.5±0.6 b	227.5±8.9a	34.2±1.4 a
	RSM	155.8±5.1 b	21.7±0.8 b	345.9±8.4 a	48.2±0.4 a	-1.6±1.4 a	-0.2±0.4 a	217.8±6.8a	30.3±0.7 b
	CK	91.7±4.9 c	17.3±0.9 c	252.7±8.5 c	47.7±2.6 a	1.5±3.4 a	0.3±1.4 a	184.2±4.8 b	34.8±1.4 a
2021	RFM	128.0±6.5 c	16.5±0.4 c	314.3±10.6 a	40.6±0.4 a	9.8±1.5 b	1.3±0.2 b	321.8±10.8 b	41.6±0.8 b
	RSM	172.4±7.8 a	20.4±0.7 b	286.2±19.1 b	33.8±0.8 c	43.6±2.9 a	5.2±0.3 a	344.3±10.2 a	40.7±0.6 b
	CK	151.8±9.3 b	24.1±0.6 a	226.6±12.5 c	35.9±0.7 b	-23.9±1.2 c	-3.8±0.2 c	275.7±9.5 c	43.8±1.0 a
2年平均 2-year average	RFM	157.6±1.4 b	21.9±0.2 a	290.5±4.8 b	40.4±0.3 b	-3.5±0.3 b	-0.05±0.1 b	274.6±8.5 a	38.2±0.8 a
	RSM	164.1±2.5 a	21.0±0.5 b	316.0±9.6 a	40.4±0.4 b	21.0±1.2 a	2.7±0.2 a	281.1±9.7 a	35.9±0.3 b
	CK	121.7±3.3 c	21.0±0.5 b	239.4±7.8 c	41.3±0.4 a	-11.2±1.9 c	-1.9±0.4 c	229.9±4.8 b	39.7±1.2 a

年份 Year	处理 Treat- ment	籽粒产量 GY (kg hm^-2)	生物量 Biomass (×10⁴ kg hm^-2)	千粒重 TKW (g)	穗粒数 KPS (grain spike^-1)	收获指数 HI (%)	单穗粒重 SKW	秸秆终产量 SYM (kg hm^-2)
2020	RFM	5970±292.4 a	2.24±0.29 a	18.7±0.5 ab	2649±179 a	26.6±0.4 b	49.2±2.1 a	16,447.0±313.1 a
	RSM	5925±213.6 a	2.19±0.48 a	19.4±0.6 a	2594±200 b	27.0±0.6 b	50.9±2.8 b	16,007.0±469.2 a
	CK	5553±306.6 b	1.87±0.06 b	18.4±0.5 b	2326±152 c	29.7±0.2 a	42.0±6.5 c	13,164.3±35.7 b
2021	RFM	6321±130.0 a	2.45±0.28 a	19.1±1.1 a	2776±151.1 a	26.1±0.3 b	53.1±1.5 a	18,113.4±284.7 a
	RSM	6156±328.8 b	2.32±0.06 b	19.2±2.4 a	2787±276.2 a	26.5±0.2 b	53.4±2.7 a	17,060.3±84.0 b
	CK	5830±245.7 b	2.05±0.34 b	18.3±2.1 b	2676±206.5 c	28.4±0.4 a	49.0±2.0 b	14,712.7±321.0 c
2年平均 2-year average	RFM	6178±121.3 a	2.35±0.16 a	18.9±0.1 b	2712±91.3 a	26.4±0.2 b	51.2±0.2 b	17,280.2±147.6 a
	RSM	6040±93.2 b	2.26±0.24 b	19.3±0.1 a	2690±47.4 b	26.8±0.3 b	52.2±0.1 a	16,533.6±251.4 b
	CK	5691±275.1 c	1.96±0.20 c	18.3±0.2 c	2500±78.5 c	29.0±0.2 a	45.5±0.4 c	13,938.5±173.5 c

Effects of strip-mulching ridges on runoff and soil water use for sorghum in southwest yellow soil slope farmland

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指标 Index	GY	SYM	SKW	TKW	KPS	HI	WUE	SWS	耗水量Water consumption
指标 Index	GY	SYM	SKW	TKW	KPS	HI	WUE	SWS	TWC	I	II	III
SYM	0.91^**
SKW	0.90^**	0.85^**
TKW	0.63^**	0.69^**	0.69^**
KPS	0.88^**	0.95^**	0.95^**	0.44
HI	-0.86^**	-0.89^**	-0.89^**	-0.66^**	-0.83^**
WUE	-0.80^**	-0.94^**	-0.94^**	-0.74^**	-0.85^**	0.83^**
SWS	0.62^**	0.78^**	0.78^**	0.82^**	0.57^*	-0.80^**	-0.79^**
TWC	0.87^**	0.94^**	0.94^**	0.74^**	0.86^**	-0.85^**	-0.98^**	0.73^**
I	0.39	0.62^**	0.62^**	0.31	0.65^**	-0.64^**	-0.63^**	0.60^**	0.53^*
II	0.51^*	0.53^*	0.53^*	0.85^**	0.25	-0.58^*	-0.57^*	0.85^**	0.56^*	0.11
III	0.44	0.42	0.42	0.53^*	0.32	-0.35	-0.62^**	0.27	0.69^**	0.01	0.37
IV	0.81^**	0.81^**	0.81^**	0.35	0.88^**	-0.62^**	-0.77^**	0.29	0.83^**	0.33	0.11	0.58^*

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	投入Cost (Yuan hm^-2)				总收入 OR (Yuan hm^-2)	纯经济收益 NEB (Yuan hm^-2)	产投比 O/I
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	人工 Labor	地膜 Plastic	机械 Mechanization	总量 Total	总收入 OR (Yuan hm^-2)	纯经济收益 NEB (Yuan hm^-2)	产投比 O/I
2020	RFM	4500	1800	1500	13,166	45,368	32,202	3.45
	RSM	2250	0	1050	8667	45,032	36,365	5.20
	CK	1800	0	1050	8217	42,204	33,987	5.14
2021	RFM	4500	1800	1500	8667	48,308	39,641	5.57
	RSM	2250	0	1050	8217	44,310	36,093	5.39
	CK	1800	0	1050	9567	19,823	10,256	2.07

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