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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2024, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (8): 2014-2024.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2024.41004

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effect of nitrogen application on water consumption characteristics and grain yield of winter wheat under wide width sowing

YAN Fei-Long1(), ZHANG Zhen1, ZHAO Jun-Ye2,*(), SHI Yu1, YU Zhen-Wen1   

  1. 1Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China
    2Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Service Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Agricultural Information Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2024-01-20 Accepted:2024-04-01 Online:2024-08-12 Published:2024-04-26
  • Contact: * E-mail: zhaojunye@caas.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(32172114);China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-03);Special Funds for Taishan Scholars Project.

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Abstract:

In order to clarify the optimal nitrogen application rate for sustainable and efficient utilization of water and nitrogen under wide width sowing, a field experiments were conducted at the Wheat Experiment Station in Yanzhou, Shandong province, during the growth period of 2020?2022, and using the variety Jimai 22 as the experimental material. The effects of nitrogen application on water consumption characteristics, flag leaf senescence and fluorescence characteristics, and grain yield of winter wheat were investigated by five treatments including no N (N0), 150 (N1), 180 (N2), 210 (N3), and 240 (N4) kg N hm-2, under wide width sowing. The results showed that the N2 treatment significantly increased the absorption and utilization of soil water in the 60?120 cm soil layer. Compared with N3 and N4 treatments, the N2 treatment effectively reduced the water consumption of ineffective tillers before anthesis and reduced the total water consumption. The high daily water consumption after anthesis in the N2 treatment significantly increased the antioxidant enzyme activities of the flag leaf, and its fluorescence parameters of the flag leaf were significantly higher than those of the other treatments from 14 to 28 days after anthesis. Grain yield and water use efficiency of N2 and N3 treatments were significantly higher than those of the other treatments, while N2 treatment had the highest nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency, which was 6.88%, 10.60%, and 45.37% (2020?2021) and 7.03%, 13.56%, and 43.71% (2021?2022) higher than N1, N3, and N4 treatments, respectively. In conclusion, the N2 treatment can improve the absorption and utilization of deep soil water of winter wheat, increase the water consumption from anthesis to maturity, delay the senescence of flag leaves, and improve grain yield and water and nitrogen use efficiency, which is the optimal treatment under this experiment.

Key words: wide width sowing, nitrogen application, water consumption characteristics, water-nitrogen use efficiency

Table 1

Soil nutrient contents in the 0?20 cm soil layer before sowing"

年份
Year		 有机质
Organic matter
(g kg-1)		 全氮
Total nitrogen
(g kg-1)		 碱解氮
Available nitrogen
(mg kg-1)		 速效磷
Available phosphorus
(mg kg-1)		 速效钾
Available potassium
(mg kg-1)
2020-2021 14.18 1.11 119.45 38.25 121.35
2021-2022 14.19 1.13 123.36 37.15 119.70

Fig. 1

Precipitation and temperature during wheat growth period"

Fig. 2

Total number of stems from jointing to maturity under different treatments"

Table 2

Sources of water consumption and their percentage of total water consumption under different treatments"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 耗水来源
Water source (mm)		 总耗水量
Total water
consumption (mm)		 占总耗水量比例
Proportion to total water consumption (%)
灌溉
Irrigation		 降雨
Precipitation		 土壤贮水
Soil storage		 灌溉
Irrigation		 降雨
Precipitation		 土壤贮水
Soil storage
2020-2021 N0 65.90 e 202.5 125.80 c 394.20 d 16.72 d 51.37 a 31.91 a
N1 72.55 d 202.5 146.64 b 421.69 c 17.21 c 48.02 b 34.77 a
N2 77.21 c 202.5 152.48 a 432.19 b 17.87 c 46.85 c 35.28 a
N3 86.10 b 202.5 151.68 a 440.28 a 19.56 b 45.99 c 34.45 a
N4 92.95 a 202.5 152.56 a 448.01 a 20.75 a 45.20 c 34.05 a
2021-2022 N0 101.33 d 79.5 192.23 c 373.06 d 27.16 b 22.31 a 50.53 a
N1 111.55 c 79.5 212.57 b 403.62 c 27.64 b 19.69 a 52.67 a
N2 113.59 c 79.5 222.96 a 416.05 b 27.30 b 19.11 a 53.59 a
N3 120.95 b 79.5 225.19 a 425.64 a 28.42 a 18.68 b 52.91 a
N4 127.60 a 79.5 225.81 a 432.91 a 29.48 a 18.36 b 52.16 a

Table 3

Water consumption, daily water consumption, and modal coefficient of water consumption at different treatment stages"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 播种-拔节 Sowing-Jointing 拔节-开花 Jointing-Anthesis 开花-成熟 Anthesis-Maturity
CW
(mm)		 PW
(%)		 DW
(mm d-1)		 CW
(mm)		 PW
(%)		 DW
(mm d-1)		 CW
(mm)		 PW
(%)		 DW
(mm d-1)
2020-2021 N0 195.64 b 49.63 a 1.08 b 72.90 c 18.49 c 3.04 c 125.66 c 31.88 b 2.86 c
N1 206.77 a 49.03 a 1.14 a 75.07 c 17.80 c 3.13 c 139.85 b 33.16 a 3.18 c
N2 207.16 a 47.93 a 1.14 a 76.93 c 17.80 c 3.21 c 148.10 a 34.27 a 3.37 a
N3 210.40 a 47.79 a 1.16 a 87.29 b 19.83 b 3.64 b 142.59 b 32.39 a 3.24 b
N4 212.50 a 47.43 a 1.17 a 92.97 a 20.75 a 3.87 a 142.54 b 31.82 b 3.24 b
2021-2022 N0 161.80 b 43.37 a 0.98 b 85.65 d 22.96 c 3.72 d 125.61 c 33.67 b 2.85 c
N1 173.29 a 42.93 a 1.05 a 93.44 c 23.15 c 4.06 c 136.89 b 33.92 b 3.11 b
N2 173.94 a 41.81 a 1.05 a 95.79 c 23.02 c 4.16 c 146.32 a 35.17 a 3.33 a
N3 177.60 a 41.73 a 1.08 a 104.93 b 24.65 b 4.48 b 143.11 a 33.62 b 3.25 b
N4 182.30 a 42.11 a 1.10 a 111.61 a 25.78 a 4.85 a 139.00 b 32.11 b 3.16 b

Fig. 3

Consumption of soil water storage in 0?200 cm soil layer under different treatments"

Fig. 4

Relative soil water content of 0?200 cm soil layer under different treatments at maturity stage"

Fig. 5

Superoxide dismutase activity of flag leaf after anthesis under different treatments"

Fig. 6

Malondialdehyde content of flag leaf after anthesis under different treatments"

Fig. 7

Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of flag leaf after anthesis under different treatments"

Table 4

Grain yield and water and nitrogen use efficiency of different treatments"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 穗数
Spike number
(×104 hm-2)		 穗粒数
Kernel number
(kernel spike-1)		 千粒重
1000-grain weight
(g)		 籽粒产量
Grain yield
(kg hm-2)		 IWUE
(kg hm-2 mm-1)		 WUE
(kg hm-2 mm-1)		 NAE
(kg kg-1)
2020-2021 N0 504.65 b 38.4 b 37.20 c 6196.80 d 94.03 c 15.71 c —
N1 615.94 a 39.5 a 40.09 b 8378.25 c 115.48 a 19.86 b 14.54 b
N2 626.05 a 39.8 a 42.43 a 8995.05 a 116.50 a 20.81 a 15.54 a
N3 635.27 a 40.2 a 42.05 a 9147.75 a 106.24 b 20.77 a 14.05 b
N4 648.56 a 39.3 a 40.34 b 8764.05 b 94.28 c 19.56 b 10.69 c
2021-2022 N0 477.65 b 35.2 b 40.25 c 5773.55 d 56.97 d 15.47 c —
N1 605.23 a 37.4 a 45.21 b 8718.20 c 78.15 b 21.60 b 19.63 b
N2 615.38 a 37.9 a 48.03 a 9555.37 a 84.12 a 22.97 a 21.01 a
N3 621.74 a 38.1 a 47.54 a 9659.13 a 79.86 b 22.69 a 18.50 c
N4 628.88 a 37.6 a 46.05 b 9283.55 b 72.75 c 21.44 b 14.62 d

Table 5

Correlation analysis of grain yield with antioxidant enzymes and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in flag leaves after anthesis"

参数Parameter GY SOD MDA Fv/Fm ΦPSII
籽粒产量GY — 0.887 -0.916 0.847 0.765
超氧化物歧化酶SOD ** — -0.911 0.897 0.770
丙二醛MDA ** ** — -0.982 -0.931
最大光化学效率Fv/Fm ** ** ** — 0.965
有效光化学效率ΦPSII ** ** ** ** —
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[6] WANG Li-Xin; LI Yun-Fu; CHANG Li-Fang; HUANG Lan ;; LI Hong-Bo ; GE Ling-Ling; Liu Li-Hua ;; YAO Ji ;; ZHAO Chang-Ping ;. Method of ID Constitution for Wheat Cultivars[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2007, 33(10): 1738 -1740 .
[7] ZHENG Tian-Qing;XU Jian-Long;FU Bing-Ying;GAO Yong-Ming;Satish VERUKA;Renee LAFITTE;ZHAI Hu-Qu;WAN Jian-Min;ZHU Ling-Hua;LI Zhi-Kang. Preliminary Identification of Genetic Overlaps between Sheath Blight Resistance and Drought Tolerance in the Introgression Lines from Directional Selection[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2007, 33(08): 1380 -1384 .
[8] YANG Yan;ZHAO Xian-Lin; ZHANG Yong;CHEN Xin-Min;HE Zhong-Hu;YU Zhuo;XIA Lan-Qin
. Evaluation and Validation of Four Molecular Markers Associated with Pre-Harvest Sprouting Tolerance in Chinese Wheats[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2008, 34(01): 17 -24 .
[9] ZHAO Hui;JING Qi;DAI Ting-Bo;JIANG Dong;CAO Wei-Xing. Effects of Post-Anthesis High Temperature and Water Stress on Activities of Key Regulatory Enzymes Involved in Protein Formation in Two Wheat Cultivars[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2007, 33(12): 2021 -2027 .
[10] Wang Dong;Yu Zhenwen;Wang Xudong. Effects of Sulfur on Protein Accumulation in Kernels of Winter Wheat[J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2003, 29(06): 878 -883 .
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