氮磷配施对夏玉米产量和叶片衰老特性的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.23045

Abstract

Abstract:

Nitrogen and phosphorus, as the essential nutrients for maize growth and development, play an important effect on maize yield. In this experiment, to investigate the effect of combined application of nitrogen and phosphorus on leaf senescence physiological and yield formation in summer maize, 11 combined applications of nitrogen and phosphorus treatments in 2020 and 15 combined applications of nitrogen and phosphorus treatments in 2021 were applied using Denhai 111 (DH111) as the test materials. The results showed that the leaf area index (LAI), the relative chlorophyll content (SPAD), and the antioxidant enzyme activities [superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT)] of summer maize increased first and then decreased, and the malondialdehyde (MDA) content decreased first and then increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate under the same phosphorus application conditions. Under N0-N2 conditions, with the increasing phosphorus application, LAI, SPAD value, and antioxidant enzyme activity had an increasing trend, MDA content showed a decreasing trend and yield showed an increasing trend, while with the increasing phosphorus application, LAI, SPAD value, and antioxidant enzyme activity showed an increasing trend and then a decreasing trend, MDA content showed a decreasing trend and then an increasing trend, and yield showed an increasing trend and then a decreasing trend in N3 and N4. In 2020, the N3 P1 treatment increased yields by 2.55% compared to the N2 P3 treatment. In 2021, the N3 P1 treatment increased yields by 7.36% and 3.31% compared to the N3 P0 and N2 P2 treatments, respectively. Under the experimental conditions, the reasonable combined application of nitrogen and phosphorus (180 kg N hm^-2, 60 kg P hm^-2) treatment can increase the activities of antioxidant enzymes at the later stage of fertility, reduce MDA content, maintain a high leaf area index and SPAD values, increase the number of grains per ear and 1000-grain weight, ultimately leading to higher maize yield.

Key words: summer maize, combined application of nitrogen and phosphorus, yield, leaf senescence physiological characteristics

ZHANG Zhen-Bo, JIA Chun-Lan, REN Bai-Zhao, LIU Peng, ZHAO Bin, ZHANG Ji-Wang. Effects of combined application of nitrogen and phosphorus on yield and leaf senescence physiological characteristics in summer maize[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2023, 49(6): 1616-1629.

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年份 Year	处理 Treatment	公顷穗数 Harvest ear number (ears hm^-2)	穗粒数 Grains per ear	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	公顷产量 Yield (kg hm^-2)
2020	N0 P0	62,740 c	357.5 h	337.0 g	8789 k
	N0 P1	63,782 bc	371.7 g	327.6 h	9029 j
	N1 P1	66,700 ab	432.0 e	350.3 f	11,738 h
	N2 P1	66,978 a	440.8 c	366.9 bc	12,595 c
	N3 P1	66,978 a	453.4 b	370.7 a	13,091 a
	N4 P1	67,117 a	433.9 de	368.3 ab	12,471 d
	N0 P3	65,866 abc	383.3 f	323.1 i	9485 i
	N1 P3	65,449 abc	439.5 cd	360.6 e	12,060 f
	N2 P3	65,241 abc	459.3 a	366.4 bc	12,766 b
	N3 P3	65,033 abc	440.4 c	364.9 cd	12,151 e
	N4 P3	64,847 abc	435.9 cde	363.2 d	11,939 g
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	公顷穗数 Harvest ear number (ears hm^-2)	穗粒数 Grains per ear	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	公顷产量 Yield (kg hm^-2)
2021	N0 P0	63,365 c	388.5 g	298.9 ab	8558 j
	N1 P0	66,367 ab	450.3 f	276.8 ef	9618 h
	N2 P0	65,700 abc	467.5 e	286.5 d	10,232 fg
	N3 P0	65,366 abc	492.7 ab	286.5 d	10,729 cd
	N4 P0	67,034 a	480.4 cd	276.3 f	10,345 efg
	N0 P1	64,699 abc	444.9 f	278.5 ef	9322 i
	N1 P1	66,700 a	467.2 e	280.1 e	10,149 fg
	N2 P1	65,700 abc	473.8 de	295.3 bc	10,689 cd
	N3 P1	66,367 ab	496.7 ab	300.6 a	11,519 a
	N4 P1	66,700 a	476.1 cde	285.0 d	10,526 de
	N0 P2	63,699 bc	441.4 f	293.4 c	9592 h
	N1 P2	64,366 abc	474.1 de	285.2 d	10,117 g
	N2 P2	65,033 abc	498.0 a	295.7 bc	11,138 b
	N3 P2	65,449 abc	486.4 bc	295.4 bc	10,936 bc
	N4 P2	66,283 abc	473.1 d	285.1 d	10,396 ef
F值 F-value	年份Year (Y)	0.87 ^ns	336.19^**	7368.11^**	824.96^**
	施氮水平Nitrogen (N)	3.57^**	428.39^**	269.17^**	1155.26^**
	施磷水平Phosphorus (P)	2.62 ^ns	25.10^**	23.21^**	66.97^**
	Y×N	0.42 ^ns	15.14^**	65.29^**	102.32^**
	Y×P	0.03^ns	51.72^**	26.01^**	16.26^**
	N×P	1.03^ns	20.87^**	33.24^**	24.87^**

变异来源 Variance source	抽雄期 Tassel stage	乳熟期 Milk stage	成熟期 Maturity stage
年份Year (Y)	4.14^*	8.94^**	403.71^**
施氮水平Nitrogen (N)	81.40^**	128.95^**	75.18^**
施磷水平Phosphorus (P)	1.63^ns	4.29^**	2.56^ns
Y×N	3.40^*	15.21^**	4.27^**
N×P	1.46^ns	3.70^**	3.64^**

变异来源Variance source	抽雄期Tassel stage	乳熟期Milk stage	成熟期Maturity stage
年份Year (Y)	130.09^**	21.97^**	220.01^**
施氮水平Nitrogen (N)	71.82^**	18.03^**	46.29^**
施磷水平Phosphorus (P)	17.42^**	16.75^**	29.22^ns
Y×N	3.75^**	1.20^ns	3.05^*
N×P	2.28^**	0.97^ns	4.25^**

变异来源 Variance source	抽雄期 Tassel stage	乳熟期 Milk stage	成熟期 Maturity stage
年份Year (Y)	515.52^**	1.27^ns	50.68^**
施氮水平Nitrogen (N)	85.85^**	165.75^**	103.20^**
施磷水平Phosphorus (P)	12.43^**	10.43^**	12.19^**
Y×N	6.41^**	2.75^ns	1.70^ns
N×P	4.63^**	6.54^**	13.28^**

变异来源 Variance source	抽雄期 Tassel stage	乳熟期 Milk stage	成熟期 Maturity stage
年份Year (Y)	74.66^**	1159.05^**	49.30^**
施氮水平Nitrogen (N)	396.41^**	480.10^**	204.84^**
施磷水平Phosphorus (P)	23.56^**	29.81^**	20.43^**
Y×N	19.88^**	4.10^*	9.04^**
N×P	4.82^**	33.11^**	21.53^**

Effects of combined application of nitrogen and phosphorus on yield and leaf senescence physiological characteristics in summer maize

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变异来源 Variance source	抽雄期 Tassel stage	乳熟期 Milk stage	成熟期 Maturity stage
年份Year (Y)	0.01^ns	5.93^*	1.04^ns
施氮水平Nitrogen (N)	139.81^**	155.78^**	185.45^**
施磷水平Phosphorus (P)	12.95^**	7.40^**	13.62^**
Y×N	2.04^ns	1.64^ns	1.06^ns
N×P	2.71^*	7.44^**	8.35^**

变异来源 Variance source	抽雄期 Tassel stage	乳熟期 Milk stage	成熟期 Maturity stage
年份Year (Y)	10.90^**	11.86^**	120.18^**
施氮水平Nitrogen (N)	93.17^**	31.29^**	146.00^**
施磷水平Phosphorus (P)	36.60^**	33.95^**	16.72^**
Y×N	7.30^**	0.31^ns	0.19^ns
N×P	8.83^**	5.33^**	11.61^**

相关性 Correlation	产量 Yield	公顷穗数 Harvest ear number	穗粒数 Grains per ear	千粒重 1000-grain weight	叶面积指数 Leaf area index	SPAD值 SPAD value	SOD活性 SOD activity	POD活性 POD activity	CAT活性 CAT activity	MDA含量 MDA content
产量 Yield	1
公顷穗数 Harvest ear number	0.56^**	1
穗粒数 Grains per ear	0.39	0.50^**	1
千粒重 1000-grain weight	0.68^**	0.06	-0.40^*	1
叶面积指数 Leaf area index	0.97^**	0.53^**	0.30	0.72^**	1
SPAD值 SPAD value	0.88^**	0.51^**	0.51^**	0.49^*	0.84^**	1
SOD活性 SOD activity	0.59^**	0.55^*	0.87^**	-0.05	0.61^**	0.75^**	1
POD活性 POD activity	0.43	0.51^*	0.92^**	-0.25	0.47^*	0.66^**	0.95^**	1
CAT活性 CAT activity	0.84^**	0.70^**	0.67^**	0.36	0.87^**	0.88^**	0.89^**	0.79^**	1
MDA含量 MDA content	-0.52^*	-0.58^*	-0.91^**	0.16	-0.49^*	-0.76^**	-0.92^**	-0.91^**	-0.79^**	1

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