水氮互作下强筋小麦师栾02-1产量和品质

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.21049

Abstract

Abstract:

The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of different water and nitrogen interaction on yield and processing quality of high-quality wheat with strong gluten Shiluan 02-1, and to provide theoretical basis for how to achieve the goal of synergistically improving grain yield and processing quality through reasonable irrigation and optimal nitrogen application rate in the production of strong gluten wheat. From 2017 to 2020, the two factors split zone experiment of watering times and nitrogen application amount was set under field conditions. The main-plot factor was watering times [spring watering one time (W1, jointing water) and spring watering two times (W2, jointing water + flowering water)]; and the split-plot factor was nitrogen (N) fertilizer treatment in six levels (N0: 0, N1: 60, N2: 120, N3: 180, N4: 240, and N5: 300 kg hm^-2). The study showed that: When N application rate was 0-300 kg hm^-2, the yield of spring irrigating one time and spring irrigating two times increased first and then decreased with the increase of N application rate, and the N application amount corresponding to the maximum grain yield was 240 kg hm^-2 in the different precipitation years. When N application rate was 120-300 kg hm^-2, the yield of spring irrigating two times was significantly higher than that of spring irrigating one time. Water and N interaction had the greatest effect on the number of grains per unit area, followed by 1000-grain weight, which had the least effect on grain number per spike. When N application rate was 0-300 kg hm^-2, the average value of wet gluten content, sedimentation value, water absorption rate, dough stability time, tensile energy, and maximum tensile resistance of winter wheat treated with spring irrigating two times were higher than those treated with spring irrigating one time in 2017 and 2018 (wet year). However, in 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 (drought year), it was opposite: spring irrigating one time was higher than spring irrigating two times. The wet gluten content and sedimentation value of wheat in spring irrigating one time and spring irrigating two times increased first and then decreased or gradually increased with the increase of N application rate in different precipitation years, the N application rate corresponding to the maximum of the two quality indicators was 240 kg hm^-2 or 300 kg hm^-2. The stabilization time, tensile energy, and maximum tensile resistance increased first and then decreased with the increase of N application rate, and reached the maximum value when N application rate was 240 kg hm^-2. The grain yield and processing quality of high-quality wheat with strong gluten Shiluan 02-1 were the best when it was watered twice in spring and N was applied at 240 kg hm^-2 in different precipitation years.

Key words: water and nitrogen interaction, strong gluten wheat, Shiluan 02-1, yield, processing quality

DONG Zhi-Qiang, LYU Li-Hua, YAO Yan-Rong, ZHANG Jing-Ting, ZHANG Li-Hua, YAO Hai-Po, SHEN Hai-Ping, JIA Xiu-Ling. Yield and quality of strong gluten wheat Shiluan 02-1 under water and nitrogen interaction[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2023, 49(7): 1942-1953.

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处理 Treatment	有机质 Organic matter (g kg^-1)	全氮 Total N (g kg^-1)	有效磷 Available P (mg kg^-1)	速效钾 Available K (mg kg^-1)
W1N0	16.6	1.01	16.62	132.2
W1N1	17.1	1.05	14.81	118.3
W1N2	17.8	1.10	13.99	112.0
W1N3	18.0	1.11	12.40	118.5
W1N4	18.2	1.12	12.55	125.1
W1N5	18.7	1.18	12.04	124.3
W2N0	15.6	0.94	16.78	135.0
W2N1	17.0	1.05	17.16	120.7
W2N2	17.3	1.07	17.78	125.5
W2N3	17.6	1.12	11.17	107.7
W2N4	18.0	1.13	13.01	116.0
W2N5	18.2	1.14	12.24	102.0

年份 Year	月份 Month												生育年 Annual	休闲期 Fallow period	生育期 Growth period
年份 Year	7	8	9	10	11	12	1	2	3	4	5	6	生育年 Annual	休闲期 Fallow period	生育期 Growth period
2017-2018	99.2	94.5	10.7	200.3	3.8	0	2.2	0	6.9	84.9	72.3	68.3	643.1	204.4	438.7
2018-2019	45.3	130.1	4.6	21.0	2.6	3.3	0	0	0	59.3	8.3	41.3	315.8	180.0	135.8
2019-2020	158.4	44.9	25.0	30.2	0	2.0	7.4	5.4	6.6	11.0	44.4	46.6	381.9	228.3	153.6

处理 Treatment	收获穗数 Spike number (×10⁴ hm^-2)	穗粒数 Grain number per spike	千粒重 Thousand-grain weight (g)	籽粒产量 Grain yield (kg hm^-2)	收获指数 Harvest index (%)
W1N0	542 f	23.9 f	30.6 cd	4867 e	46.7 bc
W1N1	643 e	26.7 bc	31.6 b	6629 d	47.9 a
W1N2	884 c	25.3 e	30.8 bc	7095 c	47.3 ab
W1N3	887 c	25.9 de	30.6 cd	7411 b	46.1 c
W1N4	913 bc	26.4 cd	31.0 bc	7532 b	47.7 a
W1N5	891 c	26.5 cd	29.8 d	7326 b	44.9 d
W2N0	518 f	22.1 g	32.8 a	4431 f	41.0 g
W2N1	727 d	25.5 e	30.9 bc	6760 d	43.0 ef
W2N2	979 ab	28.0 a	30.1 cd	7507 b	43.6 e
W2N3	1003 a	27.3 b	30.2 cd	7766 a	42.7 f
W2N4	1003 a	27.0 bc	30.6 cd	7825 a	43.4 e
W2N5	946 abc	27.2 b	30.6 cd	7754 a	43.2 ef

处理 Treatment	收获穗数 Spike number (×10⁴ hm^-2)	穗粒数 Grain number per spike	千粒重 Thousand-grain weight (g)	籽粒产量 Grain yield (kg hm^-2)	收获指数 Harvest index (%)
W1N0	309 f	21.6 g	33.0 d	2998 g	38.1 d
W1N1	545 d	28.6 e	31.8 e	5198 e	38.9 d
W1N2	562 cd	30.8 d	29.8 f	5776 d	38.7 d
W1N3	614 bc	33.0 c	30.2 f	6175 c	37.2 e
W1N4	625 bc	34.0 b	29.7 f	6329 c	38.9 d
W1N5	635 b	33.5 bc	29.4 f	6276 c	37.2 e
W2N0	351 e	23.9 f	37.0 a	3308 f	42.4 c
W2N1	642 b	29.7 de	37.5 a	6887 b	43.9 b
W2N2	721 a	33.4 bc	36.8 a	8442 a	45.6 a
W2N3	770 a	32.8 c	35.7 b	8499 a	44.6 ab
W2N4	778 a	32.7 c	35.8 b	8692 a	44.2 ab
W2N5	760 a	35.9 a	34.4 c	8556 a	44.1 ab

处理 Treatment	收获穗数 Spike number (×10⁴ hm^-2)	穗粒数 Grain number per spike	千粒重 Thousand-grain weight (g)	籽粒产量 Grain yield (kg hm^-2)	收获指数 Harvest index (%)
W1N0	230 g	15.6 d	34.1 fg	1251 g	15.7 f
W1N1	571 e	21.4 c	36.5 bcd	4811 e	40.3 a
W1N2	626 d	24.1 b	34.9 ef	5630 d	40.6 a
W1N3	656 cd	24.9 b	35.3 def	5766 d	38.3 b
W1N4	755 b	24.8 b	33.1 g	6080 c	38.0 bc
W1N5	724 bc	24.3 b	33.3 g	5797 cd	36.7 c
W2N0	341 f	15.4 d	35.5 de	1850 f	23.8 e
W2N1	631 d	21.5 c	37.7 ab	4940 e	31.0 d
W2N2	772 b	26.6 a	38.1 a	7602 b	40.4 a
W2N3	859 a	25.4 ab	36.5 bcd	7872 b	37.6 bc
W2N4	879 a	25.1 b	36.8 bc	8359 a	38.2 bc
W2N5	892 a	25.3 ab	36.0 cde	8184 a	38.7 b

Yield and quality of strong gluten wheat Shiluan 02-1 under water and nitrogen interaction

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处理 Treatment	湿面筋含量 Wet gluten (%)	沉降值 Sedimentation value (mL)	吸水率 Water absorption (%)	稳定时间 Stability time (min)	拉伸能量 Energy (cm²)	最大拉伸阻力 Max resistance (BU)
W1N0	23.9 f	34.0 d	58.4 a	8.4 g	102.0 f	440.0 f
W1N1	27.9 d	34.4 cd	58.3 a	9.8 f	110.5 e	482.5 e
W1N2	31.1 c	34.7 cd	59.0 a	10.3 e	114.0 e	489.5 de
W1N3	32.6 b	35.4 bc	58.7 a	10.8 e	114.0 e	509.0 de
W1N4	32.8 b	35.8 bc	59.4 a	11.4 d	124.5 cd	521.0 cd
W1N5	30.6 c	36.4 ab	59.0 a	10.7 e	121.5 d	516.0 d
W2N0	21.2 g	33.3 d	57.1 a	10.5 e	110.5 e	550.0 bc
W2N1	25.7 e	33.9 d	57.6 a	12.1 c	122.0 d	565.0 b
W2N2	33.5 b	36.1 b	59.4 a	12.7 b	128.0 bc	577.0 ab
W2N3	35.0 a	36.7 ab	59.9 a	13.0 b	132.0 ab	577.5 ab
W2N4	35.3 a	37.9 a	59.8 a	14.1 a	134.5 a	591.5 a
W2N5	34.2 ab	36.4 ab	59.8 a	12.9 b	127.0 c	582.5 ab

处理 Treatment	湿面筋含量 Wet gluten (%)	沉降值 Sedimentation value (mL)	吸水率 Water absorption (%)	稳定时间 Stability time (min)	拉伸能量 Energy (cm²)	最大拉伸阻力 Max resistance (BU)
W1N0	20.2 fg	36.2 e	56.9 bc	28.2 e	94.0 f	531.0 fg
W1N1	22.5 e	39.7 c	57.2 bc	28.6 e	101.0 e	547.0 efg
W1N2	31.0 c	47.9 b	58.6 abc	42.1 b	112.0 d	572.0 de
W1N3	33.2 b	48.5 b	58.9 abc	46.9 a	157.0 b	707.0 a
W1N4	35.5 a	51.6 a	60.2 a	47.0 a	186.0 a	723.0 a
W1N5	35.1 a	51.3 a	60.4 a	43.2 b	161.0 b	631.0 b
W2N0	19.6 g	29.0 g	56.2 c	22.5 f	83.0 g	524.0 g
W2N1	20.8 f	30.8 f	57.4 abc	22.9 f	94.0 f	559.0 ef
W2N2	28.1 d	36.7 e	57.5 abc	33.9 d	104.5 e	577.0 de
W2N3	31.9 c	37.5 de	59.8 ab	35.4 d	132.0 c	614.0 bc
W2N4	33.2 b	38.9 cd	59.5 ab	42.3 b	156.2 b	629.0 b
W2N5	32.7 bc	38.7 cd	58.1 abc	39.0 c	135.3 c	593.0 cd

处理 Treatment	湿面筋含量 Wet gluten (%)	沉降值 Sedimentation value (mL)	吸水率 Water absorption (%)	稳定时间 Stability time (min)	拉伸能量 Energy (cm²)	最大拉伸阻力 Max resistance (BU)
W1N0	27.8 e	31.3 e	58.2 bc	16.8 d	102 cd	497 c
W1N1	28.2 e	33.3 d	59.4 abc	17.2 d	108 c	502 c
W1N2	32.1 d	37.2 b	60.6 abc	19.3 c	110 c	534 b
W1N3	34.4 c	37.9 b	61.9 a	24.3 a	124 b	545 b
W1N4	34.7 bc	39.7 a	62.1 a	24.6 a	132 a	594 a
W1N5	36.3 a	41.0 a	62.2 a	22.1 b	126 b	576 a
W2N0	22.8 f	29.2 f	57.6 c	12.9 e	96 e	392 e
W2N1	23.6 f	29.4 f	58.4 bc	13.2 e	98 de	409 de
W2N2	27.9 e	32.2 de	59.6 abc	17.3 d	100 d	410 de
W2N3	33.5 cd	35.1 c	60.8 abc	18.4 c	101 d	426 d
W2N4	35.5 ab	35.9 c	61.1 ab	19.3 c	106 c	505 c
W2N5	36.0 a	34.9 c	61.2 ab	18.6 c	99 de	498 c

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