氮肥用量对冬油菜籽粒产量和品质的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.24179

Abstract

Abstract:

To explore the effects of N fertilizer rates on seed yield and quality of winter rapeseed, field experiments were carried out in Wuxue County, Hubei Province during 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 seasons. The experiments were set at five nitrogen application levels of 0, 90, 180, 270, and 360 kg N hm^-2. Rapeseed yield, N concentration, and rapeseed quality indexes were measured at maturity stage. The results showed that N application significantly increased rapeseed yield and N content. Compared with the zero N application, the average yield increase after N application was 1548 kg N hm^-2, and the average yield increase rate was up to 32.9%. Within the range of N application rate of 0-270 kg N hm^-2, rapeseed yield increased significantly with the application of N fertilizer. If N application was continued, rapeseed yield did not change significantly or had a downward trend. N application mainly improved rapeseed yield by increasing the number of pods per plant. N application significantly increased protein content in rapeseed. When the N application rate was 270 kg N hm^-2, the protein content was the highest. N application significantly reduced the seed oil content. For every 100 kg N hm^-2 increase in nitrogen application, the seed oil content decreased by 1.6%. With the increase of N fertilizer application rate, glucosinolate, oleic acid, linolenic acid, erucic acid, and saturated fatty acids (palmitic acid and stearic acid) increased, while linoleic acid decreased in rapeseed. Rapeseed quality decreased as a whole. In conclusion, to pursue high-quality edible oil and take into account rapeseed yield, the application rate of N fertilizer was 180 kg N hm^-2. The optimal application rate of N fertilizer was 270 kg N hm^-2 when rapeseed yield and rapeseed cake were taken into account.

Key words: nitrogen fertilizer rate, winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.), quality, oil content, protein yield

SONG Yi, LI Jing, GU He-He, LU Zhi-Feng, LIAO Shi-Peng, LI Xiao-Kun, CONG Ri-Huan, REN Tao, LU Jian-Wei. Effects of application of nitrogen on seed yield and quality of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.)[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2023, 49(7): 2002-2011.

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References 48

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氮肥用量 N fertilizer rate (kg N hm^-2)	年份Year		平均 Average (kg hm^-2)
氮肥用量 N fertilizer rate (kg N hm^-2)	2019/2020	2020/2021	平均 Average (kg hm^-2)
0	560±75 d	855±165 d	707
90	2051±240 c	1523±60 c	1787
180	2617±299 b	1889±161 b	2253
270	3077±269 a	2371±62 a	2724
360	3140±182 a	2111±208 b	2626
方差分析 ANOVA	F值 F-value
氮肥 Nitrogen (N)	167.0^**
年份 Year (Y)	90.0^**
N×Y	15.4^**

氮肥用量 N fertilizer rate (kg N hm^-2)	单株角果数 Number of pods per plant (No. plant^-1)			角粒数 Seed number (No. pod^-1)			千粒重 1000-seed weight (g)
氮肥用量 N fertilizer rate (kg N hm^-2)	2019/2020		2020/2021	2020/2021		2020/2021	2019/2020		2020/2021
0	126±36 d		125±31 b	21.4±0.7 c		20.0±0.4 c	4.24±0.27 b		4.86±0.52 b
90	244±9 c		201±28 a	21.2±0.3 c		20.0±0.4 c	4.32±0.02 b		4.95±0.47 b
180	341±7 b		274±23 a	21.8±0.4 bc		21.3±0.6 b	4.65±0.18 a		5.29±0.21 a
270	409±12 a		263±64 a	22.5±0.1 b		22.7±0.2 a	4.98±0.05 a		5.94±0.22 a
360	447±35 a		249±3 a	23.3±0.4 a		21.2±0.3 b	4.80±0.17 a		5.87±0.43 a
方差分析ANOVA					F值 F-value
氮肥 Nitrogen (N)		54.9^**			24.5^**			11.7^**
年份Year (Y)		65.2^**			39.1^**			54.8^**
N×Y		10.0^**			6.2^*			0.8 ^ns

年份 Year	氮肥用量 N fertilizer rate (kg N hm^-2)	油脂含量 Oil concentration (%)	蛋白质含量 Protein concentration (%)	硫甙 Glucosinolate (μmol g^-1)	含水量 Water concentration (%)	产油量 Oil yield (kg hm^-2)	蛋白质产量 Protein yield (kg hm^-2)
2019/2020	0	50.3±2.1 a	19.8±2.6 b	20.3±5.0 b	4.52±0.19 a	281±28 c	112±29 c
	90	48.9±3.0 a	20.4±1.1 b	26.8±5.4 ab	4.63±0.03 a	998±60 b	419±66 b
	180	48.6±0.4 ab	21.0±1.3 b	33.4±2.5 ab	4.28±0.02 a	1272±138 a	551±97 b
	270	45.0±0.1 bc	24.5±3.2 a	31.4±9.8 a	4.28±0.27 a	1384±121 a	760±165 a
	360	44.7±2.5 c	25.1±1.0 a	36.7±4.0 a	4.58±0.17 a	1408±160 a	788±77 a
2020/2021	0	52.5±1.7 a	21.4±2.4 b	23.7±4.1 a	3.72±0.25 a	447±73 d	185±54 b
	90	50.4±2.0 ab	23.4±1.4 b	23.6±4.6 a	3.83±0.07 a	767±48 c	357±31 b
	180	48.2±2.5 b	24.3±2.7 ab	25.2±2.0 a	3.93±0.24 a	909±79 b	461±82 b
	270	44.7±0.4 c	27.6±0.3 a	29.5±8.8 a	4.1±0.06 a	1060±22 a	654±23 a
	360	44.9±0.5 c	27.7±0.6 a	33.7±3.8 a	3.98±0.11 a	947±85 ab	584±62 a
方差分析 ANOVA		F值 F-value
氮肥 Nitrogen (N)		15.4^**	39.5^*	4.6^*	1.1^ns	117.4^**	58.4^**
年份 Year (Y)		0.8^ns	55.5^**	1.5^ns	77.3^**	70.0^**	8.3^*
N×Y		0.6^ns	0.7^ns	0.8^ns	3.9^*	14.0^**	2.7^ns

氮肥用量 N fertilizer rate (kg N hm^-2)	硬脂酸 Stearic acid (%)		棕榈酸 Palmitic acid (%)		油酸 Oleic acid (%)		亚油酸 Linoleic acid (%)		亚麻酸 linolenic acid (%)		芥酸 Erucic acid (%)
氮肥用量 N fertilizer rate (kg N hm^-2)	2019/ 2020	2020/ 2021	2019/ 2020	2020/ 2021	2019/ 2020	2020/ 2021	2019/ 2020	2019/ 2020	2020/ 2021	2020/ 2021	2019/ 2020	2020/ 2021
0	2.25 a	1.93 b	3.76 a	4.08 a	57.8bc	72.9 a	16.67 a	18.49 a	8.08 a	6.91 a	1.13 a	1.00 a
90	2.17 a	2.10 ab	3.87 a	4.19 a	55.6 c	83.4 a	15.93 a	18.43 a	8.27 a	7.30 a	1.62 a	2.49 a
180	2.21 a	2.21 ab	3.97 a	4.39 a	67.2 ab	88.5 a	15.23 a	18.70 a	8.24 a	7.64 a	2.21 a	2.48 a
270	2.29 a	2.26 ab	3.96 a	4.33 a	68.8 ab	90.4 a	14.73 a	17.81 a	8.65 a	7.75 a	2.26 a	2.86 a
360	2.33 a	2.65 a	4.12 a	4.40 a	73.7 a	92.6 a	14.94 a	17.55 a	8.69 a	7.95 a	3.46 a	2.93 a
方差分析 ANOVA	F值 F-value
氮肥 Nitrogen (N)	2.6^ns		1.3^ns		6.2^**		1.0^ns		0.6^ns		3.7^*
年份 Year (Y)	0.1^ns		10.7^**		62.5^**		26.3^*		5.1^*		0.4^ns
N×Y	1.4^ns		0.1^ns		0.6^ns		0.3^ns		0.1^ns		0.5^ns

Effects of application of nitrogen on seed yield and quality of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.)

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