施氮对还田秸秆腐解及养分释放、土壤肥力与玉米产量的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.23055

Abstract

Abstract:

Based on the two-year located straw returning experiment, to explore the effects of continuous nitrogen application on the decomposition and nutrient release of returning straw in the third year, soil fertility characteristics and maize yield in Yanghuang irrigation area of Ningxia, the effects of continual application rates of different pure nitrogen (0, 150, 300, and 450 kg hm^-2) on decomposition, nutrient release of returning straw in the third year, soil physical and chemical properties, and maize yield were studied by nylon mesh bag method and field experiment. The results showed that nitrogen application could promote straw decomposition at 50-170 DAS (days after maize sowing), and the nitrogen application rate at 300 kg hm^-2was the best. The cumulative decomposition ratio and decomposition rate of straw under nitrogen application rate at 300 kg hm^-2 compared with that no nitrogen application treatment (the control), were significantly increased by 25.6% and 20.3%, respectively. Nitrogen application could promote the nutrient release of straw, and the cumulative nutrient release rates of returning straw was ranked: potassium > carbon > nitrogen > phosphorus. The cumulative release rate of each element in all treatments increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate, and the effect of nitrogen application rate at 300 kg hm^-2 was the best. Nitrogen application made the soil bulk density in 0-40 cm layer decrease, while the soil total porosity increased, and nitrogen application rate at 300-450 kg hm^-2was the most significant. Nitrogen application could increase the soil temperature at 20 DAS and soil water storage at 80-170 DAS, and the effect of the nitrogen application rate at 300 kg hm^-2 was the best. Nitrogen application could improve soil fertility in 0-40 cm layer, and nitrogen application rate at 300 kg hm^-2 had the best effect on increasing soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium contents. Compared with the control, nitrogen application rate at 300 kg hm^-2 could affect the yield composition and increase significantly maize yield by 63.7%. According to the comprehensive analysis, nitrogen application rate at 300 kg hm^-2 can significantly improve soil fertility characteristics, promote the decomposition and nutrient elements release of returning straw, thus contributing to the soil fertilization and the higher yield of maize in Yanghuang irrigation area of Ningxia.

Key words: nitrogen application, straw decomposition, nutrient release, soil fertility, maize yield

LI Rong, MIAN You-Ming, HOU Xian-Qing, LI Pei-Fu, WANG Xi-Na. Effects of nitrogen application on decomposition and nutrient release of returning straw, soil fertility, and maize yield[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2023, 49(7): 2012-2022.

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土层/年份 Soil layer/year	处理 Treatment	有机碳 TOC (g kg^-1)	全氮 Total N (g kg^-1)	碳氮比 C/N ratio	碱解氮 Alkaline-N (mg kg^-1)	有效磷 Available P (mg kg^-1)	速效钾 Available K (mg kg^-1)
0-20 cm
2017	处理前Before treating	4.87±0.16 b	0.44±0.27 c	11.07±0.26 a	25.04±0.20 d	17.23±0.29 c	150.35±1.19 e
2018	CK	5.44±0.14 b	0.54±0.03 b	10.07±0.12 c	26.58±0.16 d	20.76±0.72 b	195.59±2.89 d
	N1	6.15±0.32 b	0.60±0.04 b	10.25±0.23 c	34.93±0.14 c	23.05±0.27 a	222.67±1.86 b
	N2	7.88±0.34 a	0.72±0.03 a	10.94±0.29 ab	42.63±0.39 a	24.13±0.24 a	235.17±0.50 a
	N3	8.03±0.30 a	0.76±0.03 a	10.57±0.31 b	41.75±0.38 b	24.53±0.66 a	207.49±0.90 c
20-40 cm
2017	处理前After treating	4.64±0.23 d	0.34±0.24 c	13.65±0.15 a	24.76±1.39 c	15.57±0.26 c	119.85±1.34 e
2018	CK	5.36±0.25 c	0.42±0.03 b	12.76±0.21 b	21.66±0.06 bc	18.76±0.67 b	179.59±1.26 d
	N1	6.01±0.21 b	0.44±0.03 b	13.66±0.12 a	29.97±3.29 b	21.05±0.15 a	206.67±0.77 b
	N2	7.32±0.17 a	0.56±0.02 a	13.07±0.04 ab	37.61±0.47 a	22.13±0.24 a	219.17±4.95 a
	N3	7.25±0.22 a	0.60±0.04 a	12.08±0.19 c	36.81±0.17 a	22.03±0.66 a	191.49±2.40 c

处理 Treatment	穗数 Spike number	穗粒数 Kernels per spike	百粒重 100-grain weight (g)	籽粒产量 Grain yield (kg hm^-2)
CK	76,666±5,422 d	606±32 b	32.67±5.45 c	10,466±206 d
N1	86,666±2,988 c	663±45 a	36.48±4.22 b	15,300±164 b
N2	106,667±3,679 a	657±52 a	40.78±2.22 a	17,133±122 a
N3	90,000±5,210 b	675±30 a	31.05±1.98 c	12,900±225 c

Effects of nitrogen application on decomposition and nutrient release of returning straw, soil fertility, and maize yield

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