高产油菜品种稳产性形成机制

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.24115

Abstract

Abstract:

In crop production, yield stability is as important as high yield. To explore the relationship between main agronomic traits and yield stability and to provide a theoretical basis for large-scale high yield and improved variety breeding of rapeseed, a single factor field experiments of sowing date, nitrogen rate, and planting density were carried out in Wuhan and Lanzhou. The high yielding varieties [Xiangzayou 518 (XZY 518) and Dadi 199 (DD 199)] with different yield stability were used as the materials, the agronomic, physiological indices and the yield of each treatment were measured, and the variation coefficient of each index was calculated. The results showed that: (1) Sowing date, nitrogen rate, and plant density significantly affected the rapeseed yield. There was no significant difference in the maximum yield between two varieties, however there was a significant difference in the yield stability among these treatments. The yield variation coefficients of DD 199 were lower than that of XZY 518 with the strong stability. (2) Compared with XZY518, the indices of leaf area index (LAI), light energy utilization efficiency (LUE), aboveground dry matter accumulation, and root morphology at flowering stage of DD 199 were better, while the variation coefficient of were smaller, which was the basis of high and stable yield. (3) Grey correlation analysis showed that under each treatment, the yield of rapeseed was significantly positive correlated with the population pod number, aboveground dry weight, and average root diameter at flowering stage. In addition, the variation coefficient of population pod number, aboveground dry weight, and average root diameter at flowering stage were significantly positively correlated with the variation coefficient of yield. In conclusion, optimizing the indices such as population pod number, aboveground dry weight, and average root diameter at flowering stage can provide a theoretical support for breeding of rapeseed variety and achieving high yield at large-scale.

Key words: rapeseed, cultivated measures, high yield, yield stability

YU Xin-Ying, WANG Chun-Yun, LI Da-Shuang, WANG Zong-Kai, KUAI Jie, WANG Bo, WANG Jing, XU Zheng-Hua, ZHOU Guang-Sheng. Formation mechanism of yield stability in high-yielding rapeseed varieties[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2023, 49(6): 1601-1615.

Figures/Tables 12

Fig. 1

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Effects of key cultivation measures on rapeseed yield and yield components"

栽培措施 Cultivation measures	品种Variety	处理Treatment	武汉 Wuhan (2020-2021)							兰州 Lanzhou (2021)
栽培措施 Cultivation measures	品种Variety	处理Treatment	单株角果数Pods per plant	每角果粒数Seeds per pod	千粒重1000-seed weight (g)	单株产量Yield per plant	成株率Survival rate (%)	实际产量Actual yield (kg hm^-2)	理论产量Theoretical yield (kg hm^-2)	单株角果数Pods per plant	每角果粒数Seeds per pod	千粒重1000-seed weight (g)	单株产量Yield per plant	成株率Survival rate (%)	实际产量Actual yield (kg hm^-2)	理论产量Theoretical yield (kg hm^-2)
播期Sowing date	XZY518	S1	145.9 a	19.7 a	3.60 b	10.40 a	65.5 d	2843.6 a	3074.5 a	94.1 d	19.7 a	3.63 a	6.72 b	94.3 ab	2802.7 c	2850.2 c
		S2	135.8 b	17.7 b	3.47 bc	8.32 c	80.3 b	2555.1 bc	2975.7 ab	127.4 b	20.4 a	3.49 bc	9.05 a	92.2 ab	3512.1 b	3665.5 b
		S3	101.6 e	17.2 b	3.30 c	5.74 e	82.1 ab	2085.7 d	2122.5 c	92.8 d	18.1 b	3.30 d	5.56 c	86.7 c	2151.7 d	2246.7 d
		CV1 (%)	14.84	5.91	4.00	23.41	9.75	12.52	15.69	15.29	4.86	3.83	20.47	3.51	19.69	19.90
	DD199	S1	125.9 c	17.2 b	4.20 a	9.06 b	74.1 c	2674.7 b	3017.2 ab	129.6 b	19.5 a	3.60 ab	9.08 a	96.7 a	3451.8 b	3947.5 ab
		S2	112.0 d	16.7 b	4.10 a	7.63 d	81.9 b	2503.6 c	2810.5 b	138.7 a	20.3 a	3.52 b	9.91 a	96.0 a	3814.3 a	4277.5 a
		S3	92.0 f	16.4 b	3.97 a	5.92 e	87.1 a	2196.4 d	2320.5 c	113.0 c	19.1 ab	3.43 cd	7.41 b	91.2 bc	2975.7 c	3038.2 c
		CV2 (%)	12.67	1.82	2.70	16.99	6.56	8.05	10.76	8.36	2.54	1.98	11.79	2.59	10.06	13.96
氮肥 Nitrogen	XZY518	N1	96.3 c	17.6 b	3.63 b	6.15 e	88.0 b	2203.3 d	2433.8 c	93.5 e	18.3 d	3.60 a	6.15 d	94.7 a	2593.1 e	2667.3 e
		N2	134.0 b	17.9 b	3.57 b	8.57 c	80.9 cd	2766.9 b	3122.8 b	130.9 c	19.9 bc	3.44 c	8.97 b	94.0 a	3789.9 c	3795.3 c
		N3	158.5 a	20.3 a	3.50 b	11.20 a	73.7 d	3248.6 a	3708.3 a	159.1 b	21.8 a	3.35 d	11.60 a	86.0 b	4457.6 a	4492.9 b
		CV1 (%)	19.72	6.63	1.93	23.93	7.19	15.59	16.87	21.04	7.24	3.01	25.05	4.65	21.35	20.60
	DD199	N1	85.4 d	17.3 b	4.13 a	6.10 e	94.6 a	2384.5 c	2594.9 c	104.7 d	18.9 d	3.59 a	7.09 c	94.3 a	2852.9 d	2901.5 d
		N2	105.9 c	17.5 b	4.07 a	7.55 d	89.0 b	2670.3 b	3023.4 b	135.9 c	19.1 cd	3.49 b	9.04 b	94.0 a	3633.4 c	3820.8 c
		N3	136.3 b	18.3 b	4.03 a	10.10 b	81.7 c	3121.2 a	3694.9 a	172.6 a	20.2 b	3.42 c	11.90 a	86.8 b	4264.3 b	4814.1 a
		CV2 (%)	19.16	2.59	1.04	20.73	5.94	11.13	14.58	20.16	3.01	1.94	21.31	3.68	16.11	20.31
密度 Density	XZY518	D1	234.2 a	19.4 a	3.73 c	16.90 a	91.2 a	2004.0 c	2313.9 c	286.8 b	19.6 a	3.54 ab	19.90 b	98.0 a	2737.1 d	2823.3 d
		D3	111.6 c	18.2 bc	3.60 d	7.34 c	79.8 b	2569.0 b	2627.8 b	153.2 c	18.7 b	3.45 b	9.87 c	90.9 b	4006.0 b	3951.0 b
		D5	90.0 d	17.9 bc	3.53 d	5.65 d	59.2 c	2467.9 b	2506.1 bc	84.6 e	17.7 c	3.30 c	4.94 e	89.0 b	3203.2 c	3284.4 c
		CV1 (%)	43.71	3.48	2.48	49.27	17.23	10.48	5.21	48.01	4.19	2.86	53.82	4.37	15.81	13.81
	DD199	D1	173.9 b	19.0 ab	4.37 a	14.37 b	93.0 a	1932.3 c	2004.1 d	309.4 a	19.6 a	3.63 a	22.00 a	98.0 a	2818.5 d	3250.0 c
		D3	93.3 d	18.4 b	4.27 ab	7.32 c	81.1 b	2526.8 b	2670.8 b	162.7 c	18.8 b	3.54 ab	10.80 c	97.0 a	4199.7 ab	4713.1 a
		D5	74.9 e	17.8 c	4.23 b	5.66 d	77.4 b	3133.0 a	3283.1 a	113.2 d	18.1 bc	3.45 b	7.05 d	92.4 b	4468.9 a	4901.1 a
		CV2 (%)	37.68	2.59	1.13	42.08	7.96	19.37	19.69	42.70	3.42	2.02	47.88	2.64	18.88	17.21
		Total CV1(%)	31.11	5.54	3.20	37.84	12.38	14.79	16.92	43.72	6.30	3.33	46.93	4.08	21.74	20.56
		Total CV2(%)	39.97	4.49	2.87	31.53	7.76	14.37	16.89	38.59	3.40	2.07	41.72	3.52	16.48	18.38

Table 3

Fig. 2

Table 4

Table 5

Effects of key cultivation measures on light energy utilization efficiency of rapeseed at each growth stage (g MJ-1)"

栽培措施 Cultivation Measures	品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	武汉Wuhan (2020-2021)					兰州Lanzhou (2021)
栽培措施 Cultivation Measures	品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	播种- 苗期 Sowing- seedling	苗期- 薹期 Seedling- bolting	薹期- 花期 Bolting- flowering	花期- 角果期 Flowering- maturity	全生育期 Whole growth	播种- 苗期 Sowing- seedling	苗期- 薹期 Seedling- bolting	薹期- 花期 Bolting- flowering	花期- 角果期 Flowering- maturity	全生育期 Whole growth
播期 Sowing date	XZY 518	S1	0.77 a	0.78 a	2.83 a	5.25 a	2.26 a	0.44 b	0.53 bc	0.83 c	1.25 a	0.76 c
		S2	0.72 b	0.18 cd	2.14 bc	2.78 b	1.44 b	0.58 a	0.78 a	2.22 ab	1.17 a	1.19 a
		S3	0.22 f	0.12 d	1.24 d	1.65 d	0.98 e	0.29 c	0.42 c	1.47 bc	0.56 b	0.69 c
		CV1 (%)	43.57	82.78	31.45	46.59	33.94	27.12	26.12	37.70	31.02	25.12
	DD 199	S1	0.65 c	0.67 a	2.36 b	2.28 c	1.41 b	0.38 bc	0.56 abc	2.16 ab	0.61 b	0.93 b
		S2	0.53 d	0.35 b	2.17 bc	2.12 c	1.24 c	0.35 bc	0.72 ab	2.87 a	0.88 ab	1.20 a
		S3	0.29 e	0.34 bc	1.98 c	1.17 e	1.07 d	0.28 c	0.52 bc	1.39 c	0.45 b	0.66 c
		CV2 (%)	30.45	33.81	7.15	26.39	11.19	12.45	14.40	28.24	27.44	23.70
氮肥 Nitrogen	XZY 518	N1	0.29 d	0.33 c	1.30 c	1.37 c	0.82 d	0.23 d	0.47 d	1.22 e	0.15 e	0.52 d
		N2	0.58 b	0.42 bc	1.92 b	2.36 b	1.32 b	0.44 b	0.58 cd	1.80 c	0.58 cd	0.85 c
		N3	0.81 a	0.50 ab	2.97 a	4.83 a	2.28 a	0.52 a	0.88 bc	2.35 a	0.84 b	1.15 b
		CV1 (%)	37.99	26.67	33.41	50.99	41.12	30.83	26.93	25.78	54.37	30.63
栽培措施 Cultivation Measures	品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	武汉Wuhan (2020-2021)					兰州Lanzhou (2021)
栽培措施 Cultivation Measures	品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	播种- 苗期 Sowing- seedling	苗期- 薹期 Seedling- bolting	薹期- 花期 Bolting- flowering	花期- 角果期 Flowering- maturity	全生育期 Whole growth	播种- 苗期 Sowing- seedling	苗期- 薹期 Seedling- bolting	薹期- 花期 Bolting- flowering	花期- 角果期 Flowering- maturity	全生育期 Whole growth
氮肥 Nitrogen	DD 199	N1	0.30 d	0.39 c	1.21 c	0.85 d	0.69 e	0.22 d	0.94 b	1.47 d	0.41 d	0.76 c
		N2	0.40 c	0.48 ab	1.76 b	1.18 c	0.96 c	0.32 c	1.25 a	2.15 b	0.66 bc	1.10 b
		N3	0.61 b	0.55 a	2.79 a	1.47 c	1.36 b	0.44 b	1.37 a	2.51 a	1.20 a	1.38 a
		CV2 (%)	29.58	13.84	34.11	21.71	27.43	27.53	15.27	21.10	43.57	23.47
密度 Density	XZY 518	D1	0.31 f	0.14 d	1.30 de	1.68 cd	0.86 e	0.12 c	0.18 d	1.45 d	0.27 b	0.61 c
		D3	0.86 a	0.55 b	2.93 a	2.77 a	1.78 a	0.29 a	0.45 c	2.81 a	1.08 c	1.22 a
		D5	0.66 c	0.46 b	2.28 b	2.04 bc	1.36 c	0.21 b	0.25 d	2.75 ab	0.60 d	0.95 b
		CV1 (%)	37.26	45.90	30.87	20.96	28.20	33.60	39.00	26.85	51.16	26.93
	DD 199	D1	0.37 e	0.25 c	1.02 e	1.52 d	0.79 e	0.12 c	0.41 c	1.63 d	0.49 a	0.65 c
		D3	0.50 d	0.53 b	1.56 cd	2.27 b	1.21 d	0.17 b	0.58 b	2.26 c	1.08 b	0.93 b
		D5	0.77 b	0.66 a	1.72 c	3.04 a	1.55 b	0.19 b	0.76 a	2.56 b	1.50 cd	1.15 a
		CV2 (%)	30.48	35.64	20.89	27.26	26.27	18.40	24.50	18.03	40.48	22.48
		Total CV1 (%)	39.82	53.04	31.98	47.75	35.81	42.13	42.03	34.86	50.86	27.85
		Total CV2 (%)	31.74	29.51	28.45	37.51	23.83	36.68	39.82	23.02	44.39	24.60

Table 5

Fig. 3

Table 6

Effects of key cultivation measures on root morphology of rapeseed at flowering stage"

栽培措施 Cultivation measures	品种Variety	处理 Treatment	武汉 Wuhan (2020-2021)				兰州 Lanzhou (2021)
栽培措施 Cultivation measures	品种Variety	处理 Treatment	总根长 Total root length (cm)	根表面积 Root surface area (cm²)	根体积Root volume (cm³)	平均根直径Average root diameter (mm)	总根长 Total root length (cm)	根表面积 Root surface area (cm²)	根体积 Root volume (cm³)	平均根直径Average root diameter (mm)
播期 Sowing date	XZY518	S1	2332.5 a	1148.1 ab	165.1 ab	2.21 a	280.5 ab	249.3 bc	58.3 bc	1.53 c
		S2	2069.1 b	724.2 c	92.9 bc	1.67 c	309.0 a	321.2 a	119.4 a	2.06 a
		S3	802.6 d	389.6 d	39.3 c	1.10 f	179.2 d	217.0 c	44.2 c	1.08 e
		CV1 (%)	38.50	41.17	52.01	27.41	21.74	16.59	44.13	25.79
	DD199	S1	2334.7 a	1296.1 a	229.7 a	1.95 b	234.1 c	224.3 c	52.9 c	1.65 c
		S2	2114.9 b	1077.7 d	167.6 ab	1.48 d	275.0 b	311.3 ab	81.0 b	1.89 b
		S3	1339.1 c	788.9 c	139.3 b	1.33 e	229.4 c	237.6 c	42.0 c	1.30 d
		CV2 (%)	22.13	19.70	21.11	16.66	8.32	14.85	28.02	14.96
氮肥 Nitrogen	XZY518	N1	1233.1 d	371.3 e	35.9 d	1.20 c	181.9 d	205.4 c	35.4 d	2.41 a
		N2	1952.3 b	676.0 c	89.8 c	1.32 c	289.0 b	234.6 c	51.2 c	1.71 b
		N3	2383.6 a	905.0 b	142.9 b	2.17 a	359.8 a	371.2 ab	82.1 a	0.94 d
		CV1 (%)	25.56	33.59	48.79	27.61	26.41	26.73	34.49	35.78
	DD199	N1	1487.1 c	535.6 d	79.4 c	1.20 c	205.7 cd	227.2 c	36.3 d	2.22 a
		N2	1707.1 bc	753.8 c	118.9 b	1.67 b	240.0 c	319.0 b	68.0 b	1.69 b
		N3	2371.2 a	1048.2 a	191.9 a	2.21 a	312.8 b	410.7 a	86.5 a	1.20 c
		CV2 (%)	20.26	26.96	35.83	24.17	17.71	23.49	32.59	24.23
密度 Density	XZY518	D1	3772.5 a	1399.9 a	270.5 a	2.60 a	530.9 a	639.6 a	190.2 a	1.06 e
		D3	1896.7 c	724.2 bc	124.2 b	1.53 b	309.0 c	266.1 cd	54.6 cd	1.45 d
		D5	1088.3 d	433.3 cd	46.1 c	1.22 b	235.4 d	211.7 d	36.4 d	2.48 a
		CV1 (%)	49.91	47.50	49.57	33.05	35.04	51.06	73.20	25.89
	DD199	D1	2983.3 b	1346.6 a	255.8 a	2.66 a	460.1 b	521.4 b	157.4 b	1.13 e
		D3	2602.0 b	950.0 b	135.0 b	1.63 b	285.0 c	331.1 c	81.0 c	1.60 c
		D5	1506.9 c	347.7 d	54.8 c	1.25 b	219.6 d	223.1 d	44.3 d	1.94 b
		CV2 (%)	26.47	46.59	42.51	32.22	31.57	34.39	49.99	21.27
		Total CV1 (%)	42.77	43.97	63.44	30.28	33.69	43.13	64.03	33.32
		Total CV2 (%)	26.22	34.63	40.84	26.76	26.87	30.68	48.42	20.98

Table 6

Table 7

Table 8

Table 9

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处理 Treatment	试验点 Experimental site	参数及代号 Parameters and codes			其他栽培参数 Other cultivation parameters
播期 Sowing date	武汉 Wuhan	9/20 (S1)	10/5 (S2)	10/20 (S3)	氮肥: 240 Nitrogen: 240	密度: 45 Density: 45
播期 Sowing date	兰州 Lanzhou	4/6 (S1)	4/13 (S2)	4/20 (S3)	氮肥: 240 Nitrogen: 240	密度: 45 Density: 45
氮肥 Nitrogen	武汉, 兰州Wuhan, Lanzhou	120 (N1)	240 (N2)	360 (N3)	播期:10/5, 4/13 Sowing date: 10/5, 4/13	密度: 45 Density: 45
密度 Density	武汉, 兰州Wuhan, Lanzhou	15 (D1)	45 (D3)	75 (D5)	播期: 10/5, 4/13 Sowing date: 10/5, 4/13	氮肥: 240 Nitrogen: 240

评价项 Evaluation item	XZY518		DD199
评价项 Evaluation item	关联度 Correlation degree	排名 Ranking	关联度 Correlation degree	排名 Ranking
千粒重1000-seed weight	0.844	7	0.777	10
群体角果数Population pod number	0.935	1	0.945	1
每角果粒数Seeds per pod	0.875	3	0.848	7
成株率Survival rate	0.810	13	0.808	9
总根长Total root length	0.571	19	0.496	19
根表面积Root surface area	0.699	17	0.592	18
根体积Root volume	0.768	15	0.656	16
平均根直径Average root diameter	0.853	6	0.888	3
苗期干重Dry weight at seedling stage	0.832	9	0.769	13
薹期干重Dry weight at bolting stage	0.816	11	0.740	14
花期干重Dry weight at flowering stage	0.907	2	0.891	2
成熟期干重Dry weight at maturity stage	0.832	8	0.832	8
苗期叶面积指数 LAI at seedling stage	0.815	12	0.769	12
薹期叶面积指数 LAI at bolting stage	0.861	4	0.862	4
花期叶面积指数LAI at flowering stage	0.859	5	0.856	5
播种-苗期光能利用效率 LUE at sowing-seedling stage	0.734	16	0.688	15
苗-薹期光能利用效率LUE at seedling-bolting stage	0.787	14	0.776	11
薹-花期光能利用效率LUE at bolting-flowering stage	0.824	10	0.855	6
花-角果期光能利用效率LUE at flowering-maturity stage	0.632	18	0.643	17

指标 Index	产量Yield
指标 Index	XZY518	DD199
群体角果数Population pod number	0.932^**	0.968^**
每角果粒数Seeds per pod	0.672^**	0.688^**
平均根直径Average root diameter	0.632^**	0.775^**
花期干重Dry weight at flowering stage	0.928^**	0.906^**
成熟期干重Dry weight at maturity stage	0.499^*	0.518^*
薹期叶面积指数 LAI at bolting stage	0.504^*	0.689^**
花期叶面积指数LAI at flowering stage	0.560^*	0.696^**
薹-花期光能利用效率LUE at bolting-flowering stage	0.639^**	0.606^**

指标 Index	产量Yield
指标 Index	XZY518	DD199
群体角果数Population pod number	0.952^**	0.987^**
每角果粒数Seeds per pod	0.587	0.968^**
平均根直径Average root diameter	0.924^**	0.865^*
花期干重Dry weight at flowering stage	0.993^**	0.927^**
成熟期干重Dry weight at maturity stage	0.884^*	0.420
薹期叶面积指数 LAI at bolting stage	-0.530	0.552
花期叶面积指数LAI at flowering stage	-0.289	0.303
薹-花期光能利用效率LUE at bolting-flowering stage	0.181	0.583

Formation mechanism of yield stability in high-yielding rapeseed varieties

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处理 Treatment	2020-2021武汉 2020-2021 Wuhan				2021 兰州 2021 Lanzhou
处理 Treatment	苗期 Seedling stage	薹期 Bolting stage	花期 Flowering stage	角果期 Maturity stage	苗期 Seedling stage	薹期 Bolting stage	花期 Flowering stage	角果期Maturity stage
S1	76	135	166	212	53	65	87	116
S2	76	135	166	212	53	65	87	116
S3	99	138	170	215	58	69	91	118
N1	76	135	166	212	53	65	87	116
N2	76	135	166	212	53	65	87	116
N3	76	135	166	212	53	65	87	116
D1	76	135	166	212	53	65	87	116
D2	76	135	166	212	53	65	87	116
D3	76	135	166	212	53	65	87	116

栽培措施 Cultural measures	变异系数 Coefficient of variations	武汉Wuhan (2020-2021)			兰州Lanzhou (2021)
栽培措施 Cultural measures	变异系数 Coefficient of variations	苗期 SS	薹期 BS	花期 FS	苗期 SS	薹期 BS	花期 FS
播期Sowing date	CV1 (%)	25.7	19.1	16.4	12.3	11.3	14.9
	CV2 (%)	23.0	12.9	13.9	6.6	3.6	12.0
氮肥 Nitrogen	CV1 (%)	38.2	38.7	37.6	19.7	20.4	24.1
	CV2 (%)	25.3	24.6	30.2	13.1	12.9	12.8
密度 Density	CV1 (%)	33.1	35.4	34.7	18.9	18.6	8.5
	CV2 (%)	31.6	33.7	33.3	16.6	17.5	14.9
	Total CV1 (%)	36.1	34.8	33.6	17.6	17.7	17.3
	Total CV2 (%)	27.0	25.2	27.3	14.3	13.3	16.0

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