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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (11): 2866-2878.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.14212

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of single seed precision sowing on population quality, nutrient utilization of peanut in medium and high yield drylands

WANG Jian-Guo1,2(), GENG Yun1, YANG Dian-Qing3, GUO Feng1,2, YANG Sha1,2, LI Xin-Guo1,2, TANG Zhao-Hui1,2, ZHANG Jia-Lei1,2,*(), WAN Shu-Bo1,2,*()   

  1. 1Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
    2Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Crop Cultivation in East China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dongying 257000, Shandong, China
    3Office of Peanut Industry Development of Junan, Linyi 276600, Shandong, China
  • Received:2021-11-15 Accepted:2022-02-25 Online:2022-11-12 Published:2022-03-25
  • Contact: ZHANG Jia-Lei,WAN Shu-Bo E-mail:wang_jianguo2020@163.com;zhangjialei19@163.com;wanshubo2016@163.com
  • Supported by:
    The National Key Research and Development Program of China “Integration and Demonstration of Peanut High Quality, Light, Simple and Efficient Cultivation Technology”(2020YFD1000905);The General Project of Shandong Natural Science Foundation(ZR2020MC094);The Funds for Guiding Local Scientific and Technological Development by the Central Government of Shandong Province(YDZX20203700001861)

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Abstract:

To investigate the suitable single seed precision sowing density in medium and high-yield drylands and provide a theoretical basis for high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation in peanut, the overyielding mechanism of single seed precision sowing was studied by analyzing the differences of individual and population quality and nutrient absorption under different single seed precision sowing planting densities of peanut in medium and high-yield drylands. High-yield drylands were selected in Pingdu (PD) of Shandong province and middle drylands were selected in Jiyang (JY) of Shandong province for field experiments in 2018 and 2019. Three single seed precision sowing density treatments were established. Compared with the double-seed sowing (278,000 plants hm-2, DS18.0, CK), three single seed precision sowing treatments were 278,000 plants hm-2 (SS9.0), 238,000 plants hm-2 (SS10.5), and 208,000 plants hm-2 (SS12.0), respectively. Plant spacing of single seed sowing of SS9.0, SS10.5, and SS12.0 treatments in peanut was 9.0, 10.5, and 12.0 cm, and plant spacing of double-seed sowing of DS18.0 treatment in peanut was 18.0 cm. The results showed that compared with double seed sowing treatment (DS18.0), single seed precision sowing cultivation improved leaf SPAD, net photosynthetic rate, leaf area index (LAI), the peak value, and duration of leaf area index were higher. Single seed precision sowing exerted the potential of single plant dry matter production, increased the maximum accumulation rate of population dry matter by 6.1% to 20.7%, and realized the rapid accumulation of dry matter. For high-yield drylands in Pingdu, the population dry matter accumulation was SS12.0>SS9.0>SS10.5>DS18.0 at mature stage, and that was SS9.0>SS12.0>SS10.5>DS18.0 under middle-yield dryland in Jiyang. Compared with DS18.0, the population dry matter accumulation of single seed sowing cultivation increased by 5.4%-14.9%. Single seed precision sowing cultivation promoted the absorption and the accumulation of N, P, K, and Ca of individual plants and population plants, and increased the distribution ratio of N and P nutrients to pods, and improved fertilizer utilization efficiency. For high-yield drylands, by increasing individual productivity and increasing the number of full fruits and 100-fruit weight per plant, single seed precision sowing had achieved population yield increase of 13.6%-19.1% (2018) and 15.5%-23.8% (2019), and the suitable single seed precision sowing density was 208,000 plants hm-2. In the middle yield dryland, single seed precision sowing promoted individual fitness and formed the population advantage of high density, which was the key effect to increase production with an increase of 8.4%-19.4% (2018) and 13.9%-27.8% (2019), and the suitable density was 278,000 plants hm-2. In conclusion, the population quality and nutrient absorption of high-yield drylands were better than that of middle-yield drylands. The single-seed precision seeding cultivation model can make full use of the production potential of a single plant for medium and high-yield drylands in peanut, promote the accumulation of photosynthetic product and the absorption and utilization of nutrients, and consequently improve the quality of peanuts in both medium and high-yield drylands. This mechanism was characterized by “strong source”, “smooth flow”, and “large sink”. Therefore, this method could help to increase the pod yield and harvest index, and realize the high yield and high efficiency of peanut.

Key words: peanut, single seed precision sowing, population quality, medium and high yield drylands, nutrient, yield

Table 1

Effects of single seed precision sowing on yield and yield components in peanut"

年份
Year		 样点
Spot		 处理
Treatment		 饱果数
Full pods (×105 hm-2)		 秕果数
Unfull pods (×105 hm-2)		 单株饱
果数
Full pods
per plant		 单株秕
果数
Unfull pods per plant		 百果重
100-pod
weight (g)		 百仁重
100-kernel
weight (g)		 收获
指数
Harvest index		 产量
Pod yield
(kg hm-2)
2018 PD SS9.0 31.0 a 20.4 a 11.2 b 7.3 ab 215.5 bc 85.3 b 0.60 a 7480.9 a
SS10.5 30.1 a 17.9 bc 12.7 ab 7.5 ab 226.6 b 88.3 a 0.59 a 7216.3 ab
SS12.0 29.8 a 17.0 c 14.3 a 8.2 a 232.7 a 89.7 a 0.61 a 7565.5 a
DS18.0 25.9 b 19.9 a 9.3 c 7.2 ab 209.9 c 83.4 bc 0.57 b 6349.6 c
2019 PD SS9.0 31.9 a 19.8 a 11.5 b 7.1 ab 225.8 b 89.5 a 0.55 c 7559.8 a
SS10.5 28.5 ab 17.7 bc 12.0 ab 7.4 ab 232.0 a 90.4 a 0.54 c 7147.7 b
SS12.0 30.2 a 15.1 d 14.5 a 7.2 ab 240.0 a 91.5 a 0.55 c 7667.0 a
DS18.0 29.1 a 16.2 cd 10.5 b 5.8 b 221.5 b 86.9 b 0.50 e 6190.6 c
2018 JY SS9.0 21.2 c 19.6 a 7.6 cd 6.6 b 204.8 c 82.1 bc 0.54 c 4713.4 d
SS10.5 19.7 cd 15.7 cd 8.3 c 6.5 b 208.0 c 84.3 b 0.53 cd 4279.7 e
SS12.0 19.9 cd 13.5 e 9.6 c 6.6 b 214.7 bc 86.1 b 0.54 c 4591.1 d
DS18.0 17.9 de 18.5 b 6.4 b 6.7 ab 199.2 d 77.7 d 0.51 de 3946.4 e
2019 JY SS9.0 20.6 c 17.6 bc 7.4 d 6.3 b 205.7 c 80.7 c 0.53 cd 4502.3 d
SS10.5 19.0 d 16.8 c 8.0 c 7.1 ab 208.6 c 82.3 bc 0.52 d 4013.0 e
SS12.0 18.7 e 13.7 e 9.0 c 7.3 ab 216.9 bc 85.7 b 0.53 cd 4474.5 d
DS18.0 16.9 e 18.1 b 6.1 d 6.2 b 198.4 d 76.4 d 0.50 e 3522.6 f

Fig. 1

Effects of single seed precision sowing on SPAD values of peanut functional leaves PD: Pingdu; JY: Jiyang. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between treatments during the same period at P < 0.05. Treatments are the same as those given in Table 1. Values are means of eight replicates."

Fig. 2

Effects of single seed precision sowing on LAI of peanut PD: Pingdu; JY: Jiyang; LAI: leaf area index. Treatments are the same as those given in Table 1. Values are means of three replicates."

Table 2

Effects of single seed precision sowing on photosynthesis of peanut at pod-filling stage"

处理
Treatment		 PD JY
净光合速率
Pn
(μmol m-2 s-1)		 气孔导度
Gs
(mol H2O m-2 s-1)		 胞间CO2
浓度
Ci (μL L-1)		 蒸腾速率
Tr
(mmol m-2 s-1)		 净光合速率
Pn
(μmol m-2 s-1)		 气孔导度
Gs
(mol H2O m-2 s-1)		 胞间CO2
浓度
Ci (μL L-1)		 蒸腾速率
Tr
(mmol m-2 s-1)
SS9.0 23.8 b 0.31 c 196.0 b 4.1 c 21.4 c 0.22 c 167.4 b 3.6 c
SS10.5 24.0 b 0.41 b 230.0 a 4.7 b 23.5 b 0.31 b 186.0 a 4.3 b
SS12.0 27.2 a 0.49 a 231.9 a 5.1 a 26.4 a 0.42 a 192.1 a 5.3 a
DS18.0 22.8 c 0.24 d 174.4 c 3.6 d 19.3 d 0.19 c 157.2 c 3.5 c

Table 3

Dynamic characteristic values of dry matter accumulation under medium and high yield dryland in peanut"

样点
Spot		 处理
Treatment		 Ym
(kg hm-2)		 Vm
(kg hm-2 d-1)		 tm
(d)		 t1
(d)		 t2
(d)		 T
(d)		 回归方程
Regression equation		 决定系数R2
Coefficient of determination
PD SS9.0 13,842.5 285.8 68.2 52.3 84.1 31.9 $y=\frac{13842.5}{1+279.52731{{\text{e}}^{-0.0826x}}}$ 0.9882
SS10.5 13,206.0 287.9 66.0 50.9 81.1 30.2 $y=\frac{13206.0}{1+315.98666{{\text{e}}^{-0.0872x}}}$ 0.9892
SS12.0 14,315.7 317.1 66.2 51.4 81.1 29.7 $y=\frac{14315.7}{1+353.86569{{\text{e}}^{-0.0886x}}}$ 0.9949
DS18.0 12,485.1 262.8 67.3 51.7 83.0 31.3 $y=\frac{12485.1}{1+290.26665{{\text{e}}^{-0.0842x}}}$ 0.9898
JY SS9.0 12,608.0 242.1 64.4 47.3 81.6 34.3 $y=\frac{12608.0}{1+141.11851{{\text{e}}^{-0.0768x}}}$ 0.9859
SS10.5 11,583.2 225.6 63.4 46.5 80.3 33.8 $y=\frac{11583.2}{1+139.98423{{\text{e}}^{-0.0779x}}}$ 0.9879
SS12.0 12,116.7 237.5 62.9 46.1 79.7 33.6 $y=\frac{12116.7}{1+138.57338{{\text{e}}^{-0.0784x}}}$ 0.981
DS18.0 11,002.7 212.6 64.2 47.1 81.2 34.1 $y=\frac{11002.7}{1+142.55102{{\text{e}}^{-0.0773x}}}$ 0.9867

Fig. 3

Effects of single seed precision sowing on dry matter accumulation of individual and population plant in peanut PD: Pingdu; JY: Jiyang. Treatments are the same as those given in Table 1. Values are means of three replicates."

Table 4

Effects of single seed precision sowing at different densities on N accumulation and distribution of individual and population plants in peanut"

样点
Spot		 处理
Treatment		 群体氮素积累
N accumulation
in total plants
(kg hm-2)		 氮素积累
N accumulation (mg plant-1)		 氮素分配比例
N distribution (%)
单株
Plant		 根
Root		 茎
Stem		 叶
Leaf		 荚果
Pod		 根
Root		 茎
Stem		 叶
Leaf		 荚果
Pod
PD SS9.0 402.5 a 1447.9 c 10.7 c 143.7 c 167.1 d 1126.4 b 0.7 c 9.9 d 11.5 d 77.8 a
SS10.5 381.0 b 1601.0 b 13.1 b 176.5 b 196.2 c 1215.2 b 0.8 b 11.2 c 12.3 d 75.9 b
SS12.0 401.8 a 1931.5 a 16.9 a 190.5 a 219.7 b 1504.5 a 0.9 a 9.9 d 11.4 b 77.9 a
DS18.0 371.8 b 1337.3 d 10.9 c 179.3 b 167.8 d 979.3 c 0.8 b 13.4 a 12.6 c 73.2 c
JY SS9.0 344.8 c 1240.4 d 15.7 a 157.2 c 196.8 c 870.8 c 1.3 a 12.7 bc 15.9 b 70.2 d
SS10.5 315.0 d 1323.4 d 15.2 a 175.7 b 231.7 b 900.9 c 1.2 a 13.3 b 17.5 a 68.1 c
SS12.0 341.7 c 1642.6 b 14.2 ab 189.7 a 270.0 a 1168.6 b 0.9 a 11.6 c 16.4 ab 71.2 d
DS18.0 308.2 d 1108.5 e 13.7 ab 175.8 b 195.6 c 723.4 d 1.2a 15.9 a 17.6 a 65.3 e

Table 5

Effects of single seed precision sowing at different densities on P accumulation and distribution of individual and population plants in peanut"

样点
Spot		 处理
Treatment		 群体磷素积累
P accumulation
in total plants
(kg hm-2)		 磷素积累
P accumulation (mg plant-1)		 磷素分配比例
P distribution (%)
单株
Plant		 根
Root		 茎
Stem		 叶
Leaf		 荚果
Pod		 根
Root		 茎
Stem		 叶
Leaf		 荚果
Pod
PD SS9.0 52.6 a 189.4 c 3.1 a 29.7 b 14.5 e 142.0 b 1.7 b 15.7 c 7.6 d 75.0 a
SS10.5 48.4 c 203.5 b 2.9 a 32.7 a 17.6 d 150.3 b 1.4 c 16.1 c 8.7 d 73.9 b
SS12.0 50.1 b 241.0 a 3.2 a 35.3 a 19.8 c 182.7 a 1.3 c 14.7 d 8.2 d 75.8 a
DS18.0 43.4 d 156.1 d 1.5 b 28.8 b 16.0 d 109.9 c 1.0 d 18.4 a 10.2 c 70.4 c
JY SS9.0 44.8 d 161.3 d 4.6 a 29.8 b 17.4 d 109.5 c 2.9 a 18.5 b 10.8 c 67.9 d
SS10.5 40.0 e 167.9 d 3.4 a 32.6 a 21.5 b 110.4 c 2.0 b 19.4 b 12.8 b 65.8 e
SS12.0 42.0 d 202.1 b 2.7 ab 34.8 a 24.1 a 140.5 b 1.3 c 17.2 bc 11.9 b 69.5 c
DS18.0 36.5 f 131.3 e 1.9 b 28.4 b 18.6 cd 82.4 d 1.4 c 21.6 a 14.2 a 62.8 f

Table 6

Effects of single seed precision sowing at different densities on K accumulation and distribution of individual and population plants in peanut"

样点
Spot		 处理
Treatment		 群体钾素积累
K accumulation
in total plants
(kg hm-2)		 钾素积累
K accumulation (mg plant-1)		 钾素分配比例
K distribution (%)
单株
Plant		 根
Root		 茎
Stem		 叶
Leaf		 荚果
Pod		 根
Root		 茎
Stem		 叶
Leaf		 荚果
Pod
PD SS9.0 189.0 a 679.9 e 12.3 c 314.0 c 86.2 c 267.5 c 1.8 a 46.2 b 12.7 b 39.4 a
SS10.5 181.8 ab 763.8 c 12.3 c 354.7 b 96.0 b 300.8 b 1.6 a 46.4 b 12.6 b 39.4 a
SS12.0 183.8 ab 883.5 a 11.9 cd 410.3 a 116.0 ab 345.3 a 1.4 a 46.4 b 13.1 b 39.1 a
DS18.0 176.9 b 636.5 f 10.9 d 291.4 c 82.5 c 251.6 c 1.7 a 45.8 b 13.0 b 39.5 a
JY SS9.0 186.5 ab 671.0 e 17.9 a 335.4 b 103.7 b 213.9 d 2.7 a 50.0 a 15.5 a 31.9 c
SS10.5 168.8 bc 709.3 d 14.3 b 352.7 b 117.4 ab 225.0 d 2.0 a 49.7 a 16.6 a 31.7 c
SS12.0 171.5 b 824.4 b 14.7 b 412.1 a 136.4 a 261.3 c 1.8 a 50.0 a 16.5 a 31.7 c
DS18.0 165.5 c 595.2 g 13.8 b 288.3 c 96.1 b 197.0 d 2.3 a 48.4 ab 16.2 a 33.1 b

Table 7

Effects of single seed precision sowing at different densities on Ca accumulation and distribution of individual and population plant in peanut"

样点
Spot		 处理
Treatment		 群体钙素积累
Ca accumulation
in total plants
(kg hm-2)		 钙素积累
Ca accumulation (mg plant-1)		 钙素分配比例
Ca distribution (%)
单株
Plant		 根
Root		 茎
Stem		 叶
Leaf		 荚果
Pod		 根
Root		 茎
Stem		 叶
Leaf		 荚果
Pod
PD SS9.0 117.1 a 421.1 c 11.5 b 144.7 bc 160.6 c 104.4 cd 2.7 ab 34.4 a 38.1 b 24.8 a
SS10.5 120.4 a 506.0 b 14.0 a 191.9 a 174.0 c 126.2 b 2.8 ab 38.0 a 34.4 c 24.9 a
SS12.0 122.72 a 590.0 a 14.7 a 205.1 a 223.7 ab 146.5 a 2.5 b 34.8 a 37.9 b 24.8 a
DS18.0 102.7 b 369.5 d 8.5 c 135.9 c 127.9 d 97.2 d 2.3 bc 36.8 a 34.6 c 26.3 a
JY SS9.0 124.6 a 448.3 c 16.7 a 161.4 b 185.8 c 84.4 e 3.7 a 36.0 a 41.4 a 18.8 b
SS10.5 119.4 a 501.9 b 16.2 a 179.0 b 212.7 b 94.0 d 3.2 a 35.7 a 42.4 a 18.7 b
SS12.0 122.1 a 586.8 a 12.3 b 212.2 a 250.3 a 112.0 c 2.1 c 36.1 a 42.7 a 19.1 b
DS18.0 107.7 b 387.5 d 10.7 c 138.3 c 158.4 c 80.1 e 2.8 ab 35.7 a 40.8 a 20.7 b

Fig. 4

Effects of single seed precision sowing on fertilizer partial factor productivity in peanut PD: Pingdu; JY: Jiyang. Different lowercase letters significant differences between treatments at P < 0.05. Treatments are the same as those given in Table 1. Values are means of three replicates."

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