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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (8): 2088-2099.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.14101

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Regulation of peanut seed germination and spermosphere microbial community structure by calcium fertilizer in acidic red soil

XU Yang(), ZHANG Zhi-Meng, DING Hong, QIN Fei-Fei, ZHANG Guan-Chu*(), DAI Liang-Xiang*()   

  1. Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao 266100, Shandong, China
  • Received:2021-06-08 Accepted:2021-11-29 Online:2022-08-12 Published:2021-12-13
  • Contact: ZHANG Guan-Chu,DAI Liang-Xiang E-mail:xy52120092661@163.com;guanchuzhang@126.com;liangxiangd@163.com
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901574);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971856);Modern Agricultural Industry Technical System of Shandong Province(Peanut, SDAIT-04-06)

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Abstract:

Acid red soil is characterized by high acid and low calcium, which seriously affects seed germination and plant morphogenesis. Both calcium and spermosphere soil microorganisms play important roles in regulating seed germination, but the mechanisms underlying their relationship are little understood. Improving the emergence and healthy seeding rate of peanut is one of the effective strategies for efficient cultivation of peanut in acidic red soil. To reveal the potential effects of calcium nutrition on the spermosphere microbial community structure and seed germination in peanut, pot experiments were conducted on Huayu 20 (HY20) with or without calcium application, and the spermosphere microbial structure during the germination process was analyzed using high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were the dominant bacterial phyla, while Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Mortierellomycota were the dominant fungal phyla in peanut spermosphere. CaO application increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Mortierellomycota, but decreased the relative abundance of Basidiomycota. In addition, calcium application increased the number of beneficial bacteria Bacillus. Function prediction analysis indicated that the pathways related to organic matter metabolism (amino acid transport, and metabolism, carbohydrate transport, and metabolism) and stress resistance (replication, recombination, and repair) were significantly increased after the application of calcium, which improved the germination environment of peanut seeds in acid red soil to a certain extent. FUNGuild trophic modes analysis revealed that the number of symbiotroph was increased while the number of saprotrophs was decreased after CaO application. Redundancy analysis indicated that the bacterial and fungal structure was negatively correlated with soil physical and chemical factors, calcium content and pH value. Moreover, the calcium content in soil may have a greater regulatory effect on soil microbial diversity than pH. Based on the above studies, the application of calcium in acidic red soil can improve spermosphere microbial structure, resulting in promoting seed germination.

Key words: spermosphere, microbial community structure, peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), acid red soil, 16S rRNA sequencing

Fig. 1

Venn and β diversity analysis of microbial community in peanut spermosphere soils A: Venn of bacteria in different spermosphere soil groups; B: Venn of fungi in different spermosphere soil groups; C: PCoA analysis of bacteria in different peanut spermosphere soils; D: PCoA analysis of fungi in different peanut spermosphere soils. Abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 1."

Table 1

α diversity indices analysis of microbial community"

样品Sample 细菌Bacteria 真菌Fungi
多样性指数
Diversity index		 丰富度指数
Richness index		 多样性指数
Diversity index		 丰富度指数
Richness index
Shannon Simpson Ace Chao Shannon Simpson Ace Chao
CK 7.96±0.054 a 0.99±0.00060 a 1164.75±163.83 a 1037.81±117.04 a 3.41±0.15 b 0.86±0.017 a 200.07±16.05 b 196.20±13.82 b
CKS 7.90±0.024 a 0.99±0.00020 a 1022.07±92.43 a 925.945±35.82 b 4.68±1.19 a 0.88±0.078 a 223.74±37.47 a 228.76±36.23 a
CaS 7.82±0.027 a 0.99±0.00040 a 938.19±29.57 b 805.094±26.50 c 2.80±0.58 c 0.78±0.045 b 185.64±6.32 c 167.69±15.27 c

Fig. 2

Microbial community structure of each sample A: percent of bacterial community abundance at the phylum level; B: percent of fungal community abundance at the phylum level; C: percent of bacterial community abundance at the genus level; D: percent of fungal community abundance at the genus level. Abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 1."

Fig. 3

Specific phylotypes of peanut spermosphere responding to CaO by LEfSe bars A: bacterial community structure of peanut spermosphere responding to CaO by LEfSe bars; B: fungal community structure of peanut spermosphere responding to CaO by LEfSe bars. Abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 1."

Fig. 4

Metabolic functional features of the peanut spermosphere microbial community A: the relative abundance and diversity of bacterial functional groups; B: the relative abundance of fungal trophic modes. *: P < 0.05. Abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 1."

Fig. 5

Correlation analysis of soil bacterial and fungal community and soil physical and chemical factors A: correlation analysis of soil bacterial community and soil physical and chemical factors; B: correlation analysis of soil fungal community and soil physical and chemical factors. Abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 1."

Fig. 6

Germination rate of peanuts in acidic red soil with and without calcium application"

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