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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (8): 2100-2114.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.14110

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Analysis of metabolites and pathways in cotton under salt and alkali stresses

GUO Jia-Xin(), LU Xiao-Yu, TAO Yi-Fan, GUO Hui-Juan, MIN Wei*()   

  1. Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
  • Received:2021-06-23 Accepted:2021-10-30 Online:2022-08-12 Published:2021-12-21
  • Contact: MIN Wei E-mail:gjx19960323@126.com;minwei555@126.com
  • Supported by:
    Program of Youth Science and Technology Innovation Leader of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps(2020CB020);Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Northwest Oasis Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs(XBLZ-20214)

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Abstract:

Elucidating the metabolic mechanism of plants under saline-alkali stress will help to further optimize breeding and cultivation, thereby increasing crop yields in saline-alkali soils. In this study, to analyze the differences in cotton metabolism under salt-alkali stress, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to study the metabolites of cotton leaves under neutral salt and alkaline salt stress. The results showed that under salt stress, 7 and 2 types of sugars in cotton leaves were up-regulated in positive and negative ion modes, 3 types of amino acids were up-regulated, and 12 and 8 types of organic acids were up-regulated in cotton leaves under alkali stress. There are three kinds and five kinds of up-regulation in sugars, two kinds and nine kinds of up-regulation in organic acids, and two kinds of up-regulation in amino acids. 10 differential metabolic pathways were detected under salt stress. The most obvious metabolic pathway was linoleic acid metabolism, followed by starch and sucrose metabolism and arginine biosynthesis. Five differential metabolic pathways were found under alkaline stress. The most significant metabolic pathway was tryptophan metabolism, followed by arginine and proline metabolism and citric acid cycle (TCA cycle). Cotton adopts different metabolic mechanisms to resist salt-alkali stress. Salt stress tended to accumulate sugars and alkali stress tended to accumulate organic acids. In terms of energy metabolism, cotton starch and sucrose metabolism was more active under salt stress, and TCA cycle was more active under alkali stress. Salt stress improves the nitrogen assimilation ability of cotton, and alkali stress reduces the nitrogen assimilation ability.

Key words: cotton, salt stress, alkali stress, metabolomics, TCA cycle, organic acids

Table 1

Type and degree of saline and alkaline in soil under different treatments"

处理
Treatment		 盐碱类型及盐碱化程度
Saline and alkaline		 含盐量
Salt content (g kg-1)		 电导率
EC1:5 (dS m-1)		 pH
(1:2.5)
CK 对照-非盐(碱)化 Control-non salting (alkalization) 0.53 0.17 8.16
CS NaCl-中度盐化 NaCl-moderate salinization 4.43 1.39 8.43
AS Na2CO3+NaHCO3-中度碱化 Na2CO3+NaHCO3-moderate alkalization 2.03 0.63 9.92

Fig. 1

Dry matter weight of leaf (a), stem (b), root (c), and total biomass (d) in cotton under salt and alkali stresses Different lowercase letters above the bars indicate significant differences among different treatments at the 0.05 probability level."

Fig. 2

Effects of salt and alkali stresses on REC and MDA contents in cotton leaves Different lowercase letters above the bars indicate significant differences among different treatments at the 0.05 probability level."

Fig. 3

Principal component analysis under saline alkali stress a: positive ion mode; b: negative ion mode."

Fig. 4

Volcano plot for group CS vs CK a: positive ion mode; b: negative ion mode. The size of the scatter points represents the VIP-value of the OPLS-DA model. The larger the scatter points, the greater the VIP-value. Metabolites that are significantly up-regulated are shown in red, metabolites that are significantly down-regulated are shown in blue, and metabolites that are not significantly different are shown in gray. "

Fig. 5

Volcano plot for group AS vs CK (a) POS (b) NEG a: positive ion mode; b: negative ion mode. The size of the scatter points represents the VIP value of the OPLS-DA model. The larger the scatter points, the greater the VIP value. Metabolites that are significantly up-regulated are shown in red, metabolites that are significantly down-regulated are shown in blue, and metabolites that are not significantly different are shown in gray."

Fig. 6

Differential metabolites between AS group and CK group in positive ion mode a: hierarchical cluster heat map analysis; b: classification map of differential metabolites; c: VIP score map of differential metabolites."

Fig. 7

Differential metabolites between CS group and CK group in negative ion mode a: hierarchical clustering heat map analysis; b: classification map of differential metabolites; c: VIP score map of differential metabolites."

Fig. 8

Differential metabolites between AS group and CK group in positive ion mode a: hierarchical clustering heat map analysis; b: classification map of differential metabolites; c: VIP score map of differential metabolites."

Fig. 9

Differential metabolites between AS group and CK group in negative ion mode a: hierarchical clustering heat map analysis; b: classification map of differential metabolites; c: VIP score map of differential metabolites."

Fig. 10

Pathway analysis for group CS vs CK Each circle represents a metabolic pathway, the color indicates the size of the difference. The darker the color, the more significant the difference. The lighter the color, the less significant the difference. The size of the circle indicates the influence value. The larger the circle, the greater the influence value, the smaller the circle, the smaller the influence value. 1: linoleic acid metabolism; 2: starch and sucrose metabolism; 3: arginine biosynthesis; 4: galactose metabolism; 5: arginine and proline metabolism; 6: glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism; 7: pyruvate metabolism; 8: stilbenoid, diarylheptanoid and gingerol biosynthesis; 9: phenylpropanoid biosynthesis; 10: terpenoid backbone biosynthesis."

Fig. 11

Pathway analysis for group AS vs CK Each circle represents a metabolic pathway, the color indicates the size of the difference. The darker the color, the more significant the difference. The lighter the color, the less significant the difference. The size of the circle indicates the influence value. The larger the circle, the greater the influence value. The smaller the circle, the smaller the influence value. 1: tryptophan metabolism; 2: arginine and proline metabolism; 3: citrate cycle (TCA cycle); 4: pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis; 5: glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism."

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