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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (11): 2879-2890.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.12078

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION · PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Photosynthetic physiological characteristics of high yield super rice variety Nanjing 5718

WEI Xiao-Dong1(), ZHANG Ya-Dong1, SONG Xue-Mei1,2, CHEN Tao1, ZHU Zhen1, ZHAO Qin-Yong1, ZHAO Ling1, LU Kai1, LIANG Wen-Hua1, HE Lei1, HUANG Sheng-Dong1, XIE Yin-Feng2, WANG Cai-Lin1,*()   

  1. 1Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Jiangsu High Quality Rice Research and Development Center / Nanjing Branch of China National Center for Rice Improvement, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China
    2Nanjing Forestry University / Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2021-11-09 Accepted:2022-03-25 Online:2022-11-12 Published:2022-04-21
  • Contact: WANG Cai-Lin E-mail:weiyinglin@163.com;clwang@jaas.ac.cn
  • Supported by:
    The Earmarked Fund of China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-01-67);The Jiangsu Key Research and Development Program(BE2021301);The Jiangsu Science and Technology Service Project(KF[20]1001);The Jiangsu Seed Industry Innovation Fund Project(PZCZ201703)

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Abstract:

Nanjing 5718 is a rice variety with good eating quality approved by Jiangsu province in 2019 and was confirmed as super rice by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs in 2021. Studying its yield composition characteristics, photosynthetic characteristics, and physiological basis can be helpful to investigate photosynthetic traits of super rice variety, improve its photosynthetic performance through genetic improvement, and provide the theoretical basis for high-yield breeding and cultivation of japonica rice. In this study, the parents of Nanjing 5718 and Huaidao 5, a widely popularized rice variety with the same growth period type, as the control, dry weight of aboveground of plant, chlorophyll contents, photosynthetic rates, and photochemical characteristics of photosystem II (PSII), core antenna protein expression, photosynthetic enzyme activities, and chloroplast ultrastructure were investigated in Nanjing 5718 from full expansion of flag leaves at the beginning of booting to 35 days after flowering. The results showed the pigment contents of the leaves in Nanjing 5718 were higher, which were close to male parent Yanjing 608. The net photosynthetic rates, dry weight, and PSII electron transfer activities of flag leaves at the late growth stage were significantly higher in Nanjing 5718 than those in parents and Huaidao 5. The light energy conversion performance of PSII was superior. The core antenna protein CP43 and CP47 were more stable under strong light and high temperature, and their adjustment ability of Nanjing 5718 was better than that of parents and Huaidao 5. In addition, the activities of RuBP carboxylase in flag leaves were higher, the contents of photosynthetic products were higher, the chloroplast structure was more stable, the senescence characteristics appeared later, and the chloroplast decay rates were slower in Nanjing 5718, compared with parents and Huaidao 5. The results indicated that high photosynthetic performance of flag leaves was the basis for the formation of high yield characteristics of super rice Nanjing 5718 with large panicles. The great activity and function of photosystem proteins were main factors of improving leaf photosynthesis, and the stability of chloroplast structure could provide powerful support for high photosynthetic efficiency of leaves.

Key words: rice, high yield, photosynthetic physiological, PSII, chloroplast ultrastructure

Table 1

Yield traits of the tested varieties"

品种
Variety		 穗数
No. of panicles
(×104 hm-2)		 每穗粒数
Spikelets per panicle		 结实率
Seed-setting rate (%)		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)		 实际产量
Harvest yield
(kg hm-2)
南粳5718 Nanjing 5718 351.0 a 143.3 a 88.9 ab 28.3 a 11,392.7 a
盐粳608 Yanjing 608 253.5 c 141.3 a 80.8 b 28.0 a 8982.9 c
宁7022 Ning 7022 319.8 b 112.4 b 91.9 a 27.4 a 10,692.0 b
淮稻5号 Huaidao 5 362.7 a 118.8 b 84.2 b 25.7 b 9760.5 c

Fig. 1

Stem and leaf dry weight (SLD), panicle dry weight (PDW), and total dry weight (TDW) among different varieties from booting stage to 35 days after anthesis (DAA) * indicates significant difference compared with Huaidao 5 at the 0.05 probability level."

Fig. 2

Stem and leaf dry weight (SLD), panicle dry weight (PDW), and total dry weight (TDW) of tested varieties from booting stage to 35 days after anthesis (DAA) * indicates significant difference compared with Huaidao 5 at the 0.05 probability level."

Fig. 3

SPAD value and net photosynthetic rate in flag leaves of different varieties from booting stage to 35 days after anthesis (DAA) * indicates significant difference compared with Huaidao 5 at the 0.05 probability level."

Fig. 4

Comparison of fluorescence transient parameters of flag leaves among different varieties from booting stage to 35 days after anthesis (DAA) ABS/RC: absorption flux per RC, TR0/RC: trapped energy flux per RC at t = 0, ET0/RC: electron transport flux per RC at t = 0, DI0/RC: dissipated energy flux per RC at t = 0, ABS/CS0: absorption flux per CS at t = 0, TR0/CS0: trapped energy flux per CS at t = 0. ET0/CS0: electron transport flux per CS at t = 0, DI0/CS0: dissipated energy flux per CS at t = 0, PIabs: performance index, Fv/Fm: maximal photochemical efficiency. * indicates significant difference compared with Huaidao 5 at the 0.05 probability level."

Fig. 5

Immunoblot with antibodies against CP43 and CP47 in flag leaves of different varieties at 21 days after flowering and 35 days after flowering A: the comparison of immunoblot with antibodies against CP43 in flag leaves of different varieties at 08:00 a.m., 12:00 noon, 18:00 p.m. on 21 days after flowering and 35 days after flowering; B: the comparison of immunoblot with antibodies against CP47 in flag leaves of different varieties at 08:00 a.m., 12:00 noon, 18:00 p.m. on 21 days after flowering and 35 days after flowering."

Fig. 6

RuBP carboxylase activity and the contents of photosynthetic products in flag leaves of different varieties at 21 days after flowering and 35 days after flowering * indicates significant difference compared with other varieties at the 0.05 probability level."

Fig. 7

Chloroplast ultrastructure in flag leaves of different varieties at 21 d after flowering and 35 days after flowering a: Nanjing 5718, 21 days after flowering; b: Yanjing 608, 21 days after flowering; c: Ning 7022, 21 d after flowering; d: Huaidao 5, 21 days after flowering; e: Nanjing 5718, 35 days after flowering; f: Yanjing 608, 35 days after flowering; g: Ning 7022, 35 days after flowering; h: Huaidao 5, 35 days after flowering; G: granum thylakoid; ST: stroma thylakoid; O: osmiophilic granule."

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