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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2020, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (11): 1790-1800.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2020.94203

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of sowing and fertilizing methods on yield and fertilizer use efficiency in red-soil dryland rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)

LYU Wei-Sheng1(), XIAO Fu-Liang1, ZHANG Shao-Wen1, ZHENG Wei1, HUANG Tian-Bao1, XIAO Xiao-Jun1, LI Ya-Zhen1, WU Yan1, HAN De-Peng1, XIAO Guo-Bin1,*(), ZHANG Xue-Kun2,3,*()   

  1. 1 Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil / Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Red Soil Arable Land Conservation / Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation in Jiangxi, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanchang 330046, Jiangxi, China
    2 Yangtze University / Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Jingzhou 434023, Hubei, China
    3 Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, Hubei, China
  • Received:2019-12-23 Accepted:2020-07-02 Online:2020-11-12 Published:2020-07-16
  • Contact: Guo-Bin XIAO,Xue-Kun ZHANG E-mail:Lvweisheng2008@163.com;xiaoguobin@sohu.com;zhang.xk@139.com
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-12);the Jiangxi Agriculture Research System(JXARS-08);the Key Research and Development Program of Jiangxi Province(20171BBF60032);the Key Research and Development Program of Jiangxi Province(20181BBF60004);the Key Program in Technology Cooperation of Jiangxi Province(20161BBH80069)

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Abstract:

In order to explicit proper sowing and fertilizing methods of rapeseed production in red-soil dryland, a two-year field experiment covering two rapeseed seasons (2017-2018 and 2018-2019) was conducted with four treatments of sowing and fertilizing methods to analyze the impact on yield formation and fertilizer use efficiency of rapeseed, including conventional sowing and fertilizing method (T1), sowing in row with surface broadcast fertilizing (T2), synchronous sowing in uniform row with side deep fertilizing (T3) and synchronous sowing in wide-narrow row with side deep fertilizing (T4). The results were as follows: The yield and fertilizer use efficiency of rapeseed in red-soil dryland were significantly affected by sowing and fertilizing methods. Besides, these differences were more significant in poor soil condition and drought season (2017-2018) than those in nutrient-rich soil condition and rainy season (2018-2019). Compared with T1 and T2, T3 and T4 promoted the yield formation and increased its fertilizer use efficiency significantly, whereas there was no significant difference between T3 and T4. Specifically, the technique of synchronous drilling sowing with side deep fertilizing could improve dry matter production during the whole growth period of rapeseed, especially from anthesis to maturity, with a corresponding rise of dry matter accumulation of both underground and aboveground after anthesis. Meanwhile, compared with the conventional cultivation, the technique of synchronous drilling sowing with side deep fertilizing increased the uptake of nutrients (N, P and K), effective plant density and maintained sufficient pod number, and thus improved the yield and fertilizer use efficiency of rapeseed. This study indicated that the technique of synchronous drilling sowing with side deep fertilizing had the potential of improving rapeseed productivity in red-soil dryland of southern China. Therefore, it should be suggested to promote the application according to local condition.

Key words: rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), red-soil dryland, planting pattern, seed yield, fertilizer use efficiency

Fig. 1

Monthly temperature and rainfall during oilseed rape growth season in each year of 2017-2019 at experimental site"

Table 1

Effect of different planting patterns on seed yield of oilseed rape"

施肥处理
Fertilizer application		 种植方式
Planting pattern		 产量Yield (kg hm-2)
2017-2018 2018-2019 平均Average
F0 T1 678.3 a 1133.3 a 905.8 a
T2 723.3 a 1196.7 a 960.0 a
T3 747.5 a 1226.7 a 987.1 a
T4 732.5 a 1218.3 a 975.4 a
F1 T1 1924.2 c 2111.7 b 2017.9 c
T2 2111.7 b 2288.3 ab 2200.0 b
T3 2388.3 a 2398.4 a 2393.3 a
T4 2346.7 a 2426.7 a 2386.7 a
方差分析 ANOVA
施肥处理 Fertilizer application (F) **
种植方式 Planting pattern (P) **
年份 Year (Y) *
施肥处理×种植方式 F×P *
施肥处理×年份 F×Y **
种植方式×年份 P×Y ns
施肥处理×种植方式×年份 F×P×Y ns

Table 2

Effect of different planting patterns on yield components of oilseed rape"

年份
Year		 种植方式
Planting pattern		 收获密度
Plant density
(×104 hm-2)		 每株角果数
Pod number		 每角粒数
Seed number		 千粒重
1000-seed weight
(g)
2017-2018 T1 33.7 b 95.9 b 19.9 a 3.63 a
T2 37.9 ab 94.1 b 20.1 a 3.78 a
T3 40.3 a 106.9 a 19.8 a 3.72 a
T4 40.0 a 107.5 a 19.1 a 3.75 a
2018-2019 T1 41.4 b 93.2 b 18.9 a 3.38 a
T2 48.1 a 91.1 b 19.0 a 3.54 a
T3 46.8 a 104.6 a 18.8 a 3.29 a
T4 47.0 a 106.5 a 18.3 a 3.52 a
方差分析 ANOVA
种植方式 Planting pattern (P) ** ** ns ns
年份 Year (Y) * ns ns *
种植方式×年份 P×Y ns ns ns ns

Table 3

Correlation coefficients and path coefficients between grain yield and yield components of oilseed rape"

构成因素
Yield component		 产量结构间相关系数
Correlation coefficient among yield components		 对Y直接通径系数
Direct path coefficient
to Y
X2 X3 X4 产量Yield (Y)
收获密度 Plant density (X1) 0.119 -0.691 -0.587 0.746* 0.944
每株角果数 Pod number (X2) -0.292 0.102 0.702* 0.621
每角粒数 Seed number (X3) 0.635 -0.504 0.287
千粒重 1000-seed weight (X4) -0.168 0.198

Table 4

Effect of different planting patterns on plant density of oilseed rape"

年份
Year		 种植方式
Planting pattern		 植株密度 Plant density (×104 hm-2) 出苗率
Emergence rate (%)		 成苗率
Seedling rate (%)		 成株率
Mature plant rate (%)
全苗期
Emergence stage		 五叶期
Five-leaf stage		 成熟期
Maturity stage
2017-2018 T1 92.6 a 62.0 b 33.7 b 77.2 a 67.1 a 36.2 b
T2 96.3 a 66.7 ab 37.9 ab 80.3 a 69.2 a 39.5 a
T3 100.0 a 69.4 a 40.3 a 83.3 a 69.5 a 40.4 a
T4 99.1 a 71.3 a 40.0 a 82.6 a 72.1 a 40.5 a
2018-2019 T1 96.3 a 63.9 b 41.4 b 80.3 a 66.6 a 42.9 b
T2 103.7 a 72.2 a 48.1 a 86.4 a 69.4 a 46.5 a
T3 101.9 a 71.3 a 46.8 a 84.9 a 70.0 a 46.0 ab
T4 102.8 a 72.2 a 47.0 a 85.7 a 70.3 a 45.8 ab
方差分析 ANOVA
种植方式 Planting pattern (P) ns * ** ns ns *
年份 Year (Y) * ns * * ns *
种植方式×年份 P×Y ns ns ns ns ns ns

Fig. 2

Effects of different planting patterns on root and shoot dry weight of oilseed rape Different lowercase letters on the columns indicate significant difference at the 0.05 probability level. Treatments are the same as those given in Table 1."

Fig. 3

Effects of different planting patterns on N, P, K uptake of the oilseed rape shoot Different lowercase letters on the columns indicate significant difference at the 0.05 probability level. Treatments are the same as those given in Table 1."

Table 5

Effect of different planting patterns on fertilizer utilization rates of oilseed rape"

种植方式
Planting pattern		 肥料农学利用率
Fertilizer agronomic utilization
rate (kg kg-1)		 肥料偏生产力
Fertilizer partial factor productivity
(kg kg-1)		 肥料贡献率
Fertilizer contribution rate
(%)
2017-2018 2018-2019 2017-2018 2018-2019 2017-2018 2018-2019
T1 4.11 b 3.26 b 6.41 c 7.04 b 61.4 b 45.4 b
T2 4.63 b 3.64 ab 7.04 b 7.63 ab 63.8 b 47.7 ab
T3 5.47 a 3.91 a 7.96 a 7.99 a 68.7 a 49.7 a
T4 5.38 a 4.03 a 7.82 a 8.09 a 68.8 a 50.6 a
方差分析 ANOVA
种植方式 Planting pattern (P) ** ** *
年份 Year (Y) * ns **
种植方式×年份 P×Y ns ns ns
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