烟农系列小麦高产遗传基础解析

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.21033

Abstract

Abstract:

The Yannong series wheat has the characteristics of high yield potential, disease resistance, and wide adaptability. Yannong 1212, a high-yield and multi-resistant variety approved in recent years, has repeatedly broken the national winter wheat yield record for many times. To date, the numerous varieties derived from Yannong series have been released. Lumai 14 has derived from at least 214 wheat authorized varieties and become an important backbone parent by 2020. This objective of the study is to characterize genetic basis of high yielding potential in Yannong series, identify the key chromosomal segments of high yield and wide adaptability, and provide theoretical reference for the genetic improvement of new wheat varieties. The genotype of 38 Yannong series wheat varieties, some of their derived varieties, and 244 authorized varieties (advanced lines) were scanned by wheat 55K SNP array, and the environmental phenotypes were identified. Phenotype evaluation of yield-related traits of the natural mapping population was conducted in multiple environments. The genetic effects of the common high-frequency co-selected genetic segment (HFCS) of Yannong series varieties were characterized in detail based on the genotypes of wheat 55K SNP array. In addition, the HFCS from Lumai 14 to its derived varieties were also specified. The genetic basis of high yield potential in Yannong 1212 and Lumai 14 were revealed at the whole genome-wide level. The genetic similarity coefficients among the 17 Yannong series authorized varieties ranged from 0.80 to 0.99. Based on genotyping data from the 55K SNP array in the 17 Yannong series authorized varieties, 975 HFCS were obtained, and their segments lengths ranged from 1.00 Mb to 75.18 Mb. Most HFCS were distributed on chromosomes 2D, 4D, 6D, and 7B, with the total length accounting for more than 40% of the corresponding chromosomes, respectively. The genetic contribution rate of Lumai 14 to its 23 derived varieties was approximately 71.45% on average at the genome level, with A, B, and D of 69.63%, 66.04%, and 79.82%, respectively. A total of 430 high-frequency transmission genetic segments (HFTGS) 14 were detected in Lumai derived progency and 265 blocks (61.6%) overlapped with the HFSC in the Yannong series. Lumai 14 was a backbone parents and Yannong 1212 was a novel authorized varieties with high yield potential and wide adaptability. To characterize their genetic basis of high yield and wide adaptability, single marker analysis based on the natural population was performed. The results showed that both Lumai 14 and Yannong 1212 had been enriched in excellent alleles for thousand kernel weight (TKW) and yield per plant (YPP). Approximately 92.3% and 84.4% of the significant loci in the HFTGS of Lumai 14 were shown to increase TKW and YPP, mainly distributing on chromosomes 2A, 2B, 2D, 4A, 5B, 6A, and 7A. Yannong series authorized wheat varieties had enriched in excellent alleles of yield-related genes and QTLs especially for TKW and YPP, which played a key role to their high and stable yielding potential.

Key words: wheat, genetic contribution, 55K SNP array, genetic segment, backbone parent

WANG Hao, SUN Ni-Na, WANG Chu, XIAO Lu-Ning, XIAO Bei, LI Dong, LIU Jie, QIN Ran, WU Yong-Zhen, SUN Han, ZHAO Chun-Hua, LI Lin-Zhi, CUI Fa, LIU Wei. Genetic basis analysis of high-yielding in Yannong wheat varieties[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2023, 49(6): 1584-1600.

Figures/Tables 11

Table 1

Wheat variety, combination, approved and identified year"

编号 Serial	品种 Variety	组合 Combination	审/认定年份 Approved and identified year
1	烟农15 Yannong 15	蚰包//意大利ST2422/464 Youbao//Italy ST2422/464	1982
2	鲁麦14 Lumai 14	C149/F4530	1990, 1992, 1993
3	鲁麦21 Lumai 21	鲁麦13/宝丰7228 Lumai 13/Baofeng 7228	1996
4	烟农22 Yannong 22	鲁麦14//尉132/87初20 Lumai 14//Wei 132/87 Chu 20	2002
5	济麦20 Jimai 20	鲁麦14/884187 Lumai 14/884187	2003, 2004
6	烟农23 Yannong 23	烟1061/鲁麦14 Yan 1061/Lumai 14	2003
7	良星99 Liangxing 99	91102/鲁麦14//PH85-16 91102/Lumai 14//PH85-16	2004, 2006
8	泰山22 Taishan 22	鲁麦18/鲁麦14 Lumai 18/Lumai 14	2004
9	烟农24 Yannong 24	陕229/安麦1号 Shaanxi 229/Anmai 1	2004
10	济麦22 Jimai 22	935024/935106	2006, 2007
11	青丰1号Qingfeng 1	鲁麦14/烟农15 Lumai 14/Yannong 15	2006
12	烟2415 Yan 2415	烟849/鲁麦21 Yan 849/Lumai 21	2006
13	烟农5158 Yannong 5158	烟航选2号/烟农15 Yanhangxuan 2/Yannong 15	2007, 2009, 2010
14	泰农18 Tainong 18	莱州137/烟369-7 Laizhou 137/Yan 369-7	2008
15	山农17 Shannong 17	L156/莱州137 L156/Laizhou 137	2009
16	青农2号 Qingfeng 2	鲁麦14/烟农15//矮秆麦 Lumai 14/Yannong 15//Dwarf wheat	2010
17	泰农19 Tainong 19	莱州137/济南17 Laizhou 137/Jinan 17	2011
18	烟农999 Yannong 999	烟航选2号/临9511//烟BLU14-15 Yanhangxuan 2/Lin 9511//Yan BLU14-15	2011, 2016, 2018
19	石农086 Shinong 086	鲁麦14/邯6172 Lumai 14/Han 6172	2014
20	烟农836 Yannong 836	山农721511/鲁麦21 Shannong 721511/Lumai 21	2010, 2014
21	济麦23 Jimai 23	豫麦34/济麦22 Yumai 34/Jimai 22	2016
22	烟农173 Yannong 173	济麦22/烟2415 Jimai 22/Yan 2415	2016
23	冀麦738 Jimai738	藁9618/良星99 Gao 9618/Liangxing 99	2016
24	石麦25 Shimai 25	济麦22/金禾9123 Jimai 22/Jinhe 9123	2016
25	中信麦99 Zhongxinmai 99	良星99/222 Liangxing 99/222	2016
编号 Serial	品种 Variety	组合 Combination	审/认定年份 Approved and identified year
26	轮选266 Lunxuan 266	济麦19/济麦22//济麦22 Jimai 19/Jimai 22//Jimai 22	2018
27	泰科麦31 Taikemai 31	泰山26/淮麦20 Taishan 26/Huaimai 20	2018
28	淄麦29 Zimai 29	泰农18//烟5072 Tainong 18//Yan 5072	2018
29	邯麦19 Hanmai 19	邯02-6018/济麦22 Han 02-6018/Jimai 22	2018
30	中麦23 Zhongmai 23	济麦22/淮9701 Jimai 22/Huai 9701	2019
31	烟农1212 Yannong 1212	烟5072/石94-5300 Yan 5072/Shi 94-5300	2018, 2019, 2021
32	烟农377 Yannong 377	By114/烟6089 By114/Yan 6089	2020
33	烟农215 Yannong 215	烟672/烟农999 Yan 672/Yannong 999	2020
34	烟农161 Yannong 161	济麦22/烟农1212 Jimai 22/Yannong 1212	2021
35	烟农301 Yannong 301	济麦22/烟1201 Jimai 22/Yan 1201	2021
36	烟农1766 Yannong 1766	烟农09135 /济麦22 Yannong 09135/Jimai 22	区试1年 Regional test varieties for one year
37	烟农30 Yannong 30	烟农09135 /济麦22 Yannong 09135/Jimai 22	区试2年 Regional test varieties for two years
38	烟农31 Yannong 31	烟农09135 /济麦22 Yannong 09135/Jimai 22	区试1年 Regional test varieties for one year

Table 1

Fig. 1

Table 2

Table 3

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Table 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Table S1

Marker informations in HFCS of Lumai 14"

染色体 Chromosome	高频率共选区段 HFCS	标记 Markers	关联性状 Associated Traits
1D	58.905983-60.704201	Xgwm458, wPt-741323--wPt-664609	seed weight from sample ears, spike number
2A	112.911673-122.169547	Xgwm356, Xgwm526.1, Xgwm265, 1128252—985175, Xgwm356--Xgwm382	thousand kernel weight, spike number per plant, tiller number, grain yield, spike length
2A	125.065333-130.287176	Xgwm382	kernel weight
2B	80.919673-81.943795	Xgwm120	grain yield
3A	46.256526-49.846165	wPt-7756	spike length
3A	112.292542-114.888625	wpt-1888	kernel number per spike
3B	39.830393-40.866704	Tdurum_contig50954_1393--Kukri_c15654_309	grain Weight
3B	96.503834-103.237886	wPt-8752--wPt-1171, wPt-1804, wPt-4933--wPt-667746	grain number per spike, spike length, spikelet number per spike, grain yield
4A	46.408021-53.671828	Xmwg549--Xwg622, WPT-5694-WPT-7939, Xwmc468--Xbarc170, Ku_c6779_1381--Xwmc258	grain number, thousand kernel weight, grain number per spike
	57.494839-59.99089	Xmwg549--Xbcd1670, BS00066891_51--wsnp_Ex_c3988_7221220, RAC875_c83401_115--Tdurum_contig65718_209, wPt-2247--tPt-9400, tPt-9400, Xwmc258, 1242399--3064552	grain number, grain weight per ear, spike length, kernels per spike, number of nodes, kernels per node, fertile spikelet number, thousand grain weight
	65.519761-66.770139	IWB25909, wPt-0023, wPt-4620, wsnp_Ku_c9746_16265584--BS00087277_51	kernel weight, thousand grain weight, grain yield, spikelet number per spike
	75.307817-83.610777	Xcdo545, Xgwm160--Xwmc232, Xcfd2	yield, grain number per spike, spike length, compactness, tiller number
	83.759753-85.587069	Xbarc78--Xwmc722	sterile spikelet number
	88.019734-89.066785	Xwmc497--Xwmc219	grain number per spike
4D	57.867989-62.949715	wmc720, Xbarc48--Xbarc240	thousand grain weight
5A	50.743753-53.276562	Tdurum_contig86202_175--wsnp_Ra_c10915_17838202, Xbarc141, Xgwm415--Xgwm304, wsnp_BE404341A_Ta_2_3, wPt-4262--VRNA1, Xgwm293	flowering, thousand grain weight, grain number per ear, spike length, grain yield, grain weight per plant, spike number per plant, grain weight per ear, grain number per total spikelets, spikelet number per spike, grain number per square meter
5B	33.477304-34.80488	wsnp_Ex_c49423_54028488--wsnp_Ra_c39562_47242455	spikelet number per spike
	39.416962-41.823352	xcfd7, Xbarc340.1--Xgwm443.2, wPt-6014--wPt-7006	grain filling rate, grain number per spike, kernels per node
	89.684338-93.239903	Xgwm371--Xgwm604	yield, thousand kernel weight
6B	62.268859-66.443909	WPT-669607, wPt-1048--Xgwm219, XksuG30--Xfbb169, Xbarc178	kernel weight, thousand kernel weight, grain weight per ear
	78.17482-79.349348	IWB5488, wPt-1264	spike length, kernels per node
	80.980565-82.649349	wPt-6116--wPt-1541, wPt-0171, RAC875_c28848_330, Tdurum_contig68258_1773	penetrance of clavate architecture, kernels per spikelet, grain number per spike, grain weight
6D	29.901228-31.937716	Xgdm132	grain yield
	34.387538-38.576284	Xgwm469	spike number per plant
	67.499205-68.923987	xbarc196--xgwm325	grain filling rate
	102.752092-106.435316	Xbcd1319--XksuD27	biomass, grain yield, tiller number
7A	101.609097-108.885105	Xgwm332, Kukri_rep_c97425_164, IWA7325--IWA4626, 2262955, gwm282, IWA7325--IWA4626, 2262955--Xwmc633	grain yield, tiller number, grain number per ear, thousand kernel weight, grain number per spike
7B	57.805476-60.081873	Xgwm46, wsnp_BE404339B_Ta_2_2--BS00059061_51, WPT-4230-wmc517, Xwmc758--Xbarc72	thousand kernel weight, days to heading, flowering date, spikelet number per spike
	67.969371-68.990187	Xpsr927, Xwmc396	grain weight/plant, grain weight/ear, grain number per square meter
	71.476476-73.787477	Xbarc50	spike length, floret number per spikelet, grain number per spike
	136.182314-137.23701	Xmwg710a, Xwmc526--Xwmc273	final grain weight, tiller number
7D	96.302557-101.231804	Xbarc26, xgwm437--xcfd14, xgwm437, Xcfd14--Xbarc172	thousand grain weight, biomass, spike weight, grain number per spike
	137.311934-142.701669	Xgwm428	grain number per ear
	154.122529-166.657341	Xwmc634--Xwmc273, Xwmc634, Xbarc76, Xcfd69, Xgwm37	fertile spikelet number, spike number, grain number per spike, grain yield, thousand kernel weight

Table S1

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染色体 Chromosome	区段数 Number of segments	区段总长 Total segments length (Mb)	染色体总长 Chromosome length (Mb)	区段占比 Segments’ proportion (%)
1A	57	219.93	602	36.53
1B	42	267.54	752	35.58
1D	19	65.61	503	13.04
2A	89	292.47	794	36.84
2B	69	317.71	800	39.71
2D	30	305.46	654	46.71
3A	22	81.68	762	10.72
3B	58	191.00	845	22.60
3D	28	83.15	616	13.50
4A	72	194.43	753	25.82
4B	25	133.95	675	19.85
4D	72	213.40	519	41.12
5A	37	257.47	718	35.86
5B	33	133.51	716	18.65
5D	19	53.17	572	9.30
6A	34	237.01	618	38.35
6B	73	241.14	712	33.87
6D	40	200.17	490	40.85
7A	62	321.62	744	43.23
7B	59	356.53	762	46.79
7D	35	90.63	648	13.99

衍生材料 Derived varieties	A基因组 A genome	B基因组 B genome	D基因组 D genome	全基因组 Whole genome
济麦20 Jimai 20	68.25	65.57	78.66	70.32
济麦22 Jimai 22	69.41	63.33	80.57	70.75
济麦23 Jimai 23	68.70	64.98	81.28	71.07
良星99 Liangxing 99	69.43	69.75	80.83	72.58
轮选266 Lunxuan 266	69.41	63.34	80.67	70.78
青丰1号 Qingfeng 1	70.88	66.77	81.33	72.57
青农2号 Qingnong 2	70.85	66.67	81.43	72.55
山农17 Shannong 17	69.11	66.02	81.08	72.84
泰科麦31 Taikemai 31	70.38	64.23	81.28	71.63
泰农18 Tainong 18	69.08	63.19	80.62	70.58
泰农19 Tainong 19	69.08	63.29	80.67	70.62
泰山22 Taishan 22	69.78	66.32	77.35	70.88
烟农173 Yannong 173	69.08	65.03	79.62	70.81
烟农22 Yannong 22	80.92	69.25	80.17	77.54
烟农23 Yannong 23	68.96	66.32	81.03	71.48
烟农999 Yannong 999	66.78	66.22	80.12	70.21
中麦23 Zhongmai 23	68.85	64.18	79.47	70.43
淄麦29 Zimai 29	69.32	67.81	80.62	71.94
邯麦19 Hanmai 19	69.11	66.02	74.23	69.65
冀麦738 Jimai 738	70.29	68.06	82.49	72.96
石麦25 Shimai 25	66.22	69.60	79.97	70.84
石农086 Shinong 086	68.73	69.25	72.47	69.88
中信麦99 Zhongxinmai 99	68.88	63.64	79.72	70.36
平均值 Average	69.63	66.04	79.81	71.45

染色体 Chromosome	区段数 Number of segments	区段总长 Total segments length (Mb)	染色体总长 Chromosome length (Mb)	区段占比 Segments’ proportion (%)
1A	37	95.88	602	15.93
1B	9	26.48	752	3.52
1D	5	9.16	503	1.82
2A	35	94.48	794	11.90
2B	23	69.23	800	8.65
2D	19	58.96	654	9.01
3A	8	21.91	762	2.88
3B	17	41.93	845	4.96
3D	5	12.19	616	1.98
4A	77	186.03	753	24.71
4B	9	36.98	675	5.48
4D	18	69.80	519	13.45
5A	11	26.67	718	3.71
5B	13	23.14	716	3.23
5D	6	17.98	572	3.14
6A	41	103.25	618	16.71
6B	18	35.33	712	4.96
6D	21	52.36	490	10.69
7A	32	85.46	744	11.49
7B	18	57.44	762	7.54
7D	8	61.76	648	9.53

Genetic basis analysis of high-yielding in Yannong wheat varieties

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[3]	DONG Zhi-Qiang, LYU Li-Hua, YAO Yan-Rong, ZHANG Jing-Ting, ZHANG Li-Hua, YAO Hai-Po, SHEN Hai-Ping, JIA Xiu-Ling. Yield and quality of strong gluten wheat Shiluan 02-1 under water and nitrogen interaction [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2023, 49(7): 1942-1953.
[4]	LI Ling-Yu, ZHOU Qi-Rui, LI Yang, ZHANG An-Min, WANG Bei-Bei, MA Shang-Yu, FAN Yong-Hui, HUANG Zheng-Lai, ZHANG Wen-Jing. Transcriptome analysis of exogenous 6-BA in regulating young spike development of wheat after low temperature at booting stage [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2023, 49(7): 1808-1817.
[5]	FENG Lian-Jie, YU Zhen-Wen, ZHANG Yong-Li, SHI Yu. Effects of irrigation on tiller occurrence, photo-assimilates production and distribution in different stem and tillers and spike formation in wheat [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2023, 49(6): 1653-1667.
[6]	ZHU Xu-Dong, YANG Lan-Feng, CHEN Yuan-Yuan, HOU Ze-Hao, LUO Yi-Rou, XIONG Ze-Hao, FANG Zheng-Wu. Biological functional analysis of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) FeSGT1 gene in enhancing drought stress resistance [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2023, 49(6): 1573-1583.
[7]	GAO Xin, GUO Lei, SHAN Bao-Xue, XIAO Yan-Jun, LIU Xiu-Kun, LI Hao-Sheng, LIU Jian-Jun, ZHAO Zhen-Dong, CAO Xin-You. Types and ratios of starch granules in grains and their roles in the formation and improvement of wheat quality properties [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2023, 49(6): 1447-1454.
[8]	LU Mao-Ang, PENG Xiao-Ai, ZHANG Ling, WANG Jian-Lai, HE Xian-Fang, ZHU Yu-Lei. Genetic diversity of wheat breeding parents revealed by 55K SNP-based microarray [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2023, 49(6): 1708-1714.
[9]	LEI Xin-Hui, LENG Jia-Jun, TAO Jin-Cai, WAN Chen-Xi, WU Yi-Xin, WANG Jia-Le, WANG Peng-Ke, FENG Bai-Li, WANG Meng, GAO Jin-Feng. Effects of foliar spraying selenium on photosynthetic characteristics, yield, and selenium accumulation of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum M.) [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2023, 49(6): 1678-1689.
[10]	LIU Jia, GONG Fang-Yi, LIU Ya-Xi, YAN Ze-Hong, ZHONG Xiao-Ying, CHEN Hou-Lin, HUANG Lin, and WU Bi-Hua. Genome-wide association study for agronomic traits in common wheat lines derived from wild emmer wheat [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2023, 49(5): 1184-1196.
[11]	JIA Yu-Ku, GAO Hong-Huan, FENG Jian-Chao, HAO Zi-Rui, WANG Chen-Yang, XIE Ying-Xin, GUO Tian-Cai, MA Dong-Yun. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of G2-like transcription factors family genes in wheat [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2023, 49(5): 1410-1425.
[12]	ZHANG Xiao, LU Cheng-Bin, JIANG Wei, ZHANG Yong, LYU Guo-Feng, WU Hong-Ya, WANG Chao-Shun, LI Man, WU Su-Lan, GAO De-Rong. Quality selection indices and parent combination principle of weak-gluten wheat [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2023, 49(5): 1282-1291.
[13]	ZHANG Jin-Xin, GE Jun-Zhu, MA Wei, DING Zai-Song, WANG Xin-Bing, LI Cong-Feng, ZHOU Bao-Yuan, ZHAO Ming. Research advance on annual water use efficiency of winter wheat-summer maize cropping system in North China Plain [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2023, 49(4): 879-892.
[14]	ZHU Zhi, LI Long, LI Chao-Nan, MAO Xin-Guo, HAO Chen-Yang, ZHU Ting, WANG Jing-Yi, CHANG Jian-Zhong, JING Rui-Lian. Transcription factor TaMYB5-3B is associated with plant height and 1000- grain weight in wheat [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2023, 49(4): 906-916.
[15]	ZHOU Bin-Han, YANG Zhu, WANG Shu-Ping, FANG Zheng-Wu, HU Zan-Min, XU Zhao-Shi, ZHANG Ying-Xin. Screening of active LTR retrotransposons in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings and analysis of their responses to abiotic stresses [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2023, 49(4): 966-977.