施氮量对籼粳杂交稻甬优1540产量和氮肥利用效率的影响及其机制

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.22040

Abstract

Abstract:

The objective of this study is to understand how nitrogen (N) application rates affected on grain yield and N use efficiency (NUE) of japonica-indica hybrid rice cultivar Yongyou-1540 and its physiological bases. In the present study, a japonica-indica hybrid rice cultivar Yongyou 1540, which was widely planted in Zhejiang province was field grown in 2020 and 2021, and four N application rates [0 kg hm^-2 (N0), 80 kg hm^-2 (N1), 160 kg hm^-2 (N2), and 240 kg hm^-2 (N3)] were applied during rice growing season. The results indicated that, (1) N application rate had significant effects on grain yield and NUE of rice. Grain yield was significantly increased with the increase of N application rate from 0 kg hm^-2 to 160 kg hm^-2, and the increase in grain yield was mainly attributed to the increase in total spikelets per unit area. However, there were no significantly difference in grain yield between N2 and N3 treatments, which was mainly due to the reduce in grain filling percentage in N3 treatment. When compared with N2 treatment, N3 treatment significantly reduced N harvest index and NUE, including agronomic N use efficiency (AE_N), N recovery efficiency (RE_N), N partial factor productivity (PFP_N), and internal N use efficiency (IE_N). (2) N application rate had significant effects on shoot growth and development. Shoot dry weight was significantly increased at jointing, heading, and maturity stages and harvest index was significantly decreased with the increase of N application rate from 0 kg hm^-2 to 240 kg hm^-2. The net photosynthetic rate of flag leaf, the concentration of zeatin plus zeatin riboside (Z+ZR) in flag leaves, and the activities of key enzymes involved in sucrose-to-starch conversion in grains were significantly increased with the increase of N application rate from 0 kg hm^-2to 160 kg hm^-2, however, N3 treatment could not increase or even reduce the above indicators compared with N2 treatment. (3) N application rate had significant effects on rice root morphological and physiological traits. Root dry weight, root dry weight in both 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layers, total root length, root length density, specific root length at jointing, heading, and maturity stages, and root oxidation activity (ROA) and concentration of Z+ZR in both roots and root-bleeding sap at mid- and late grain filling stages were significantly increased with the increase of N application rate from 0 kg hm^-2 to 160 kg hm^-2. However, when compared with N2 treatment, N3 treatment significantly increased root dry weight, and root dry weight in 0-10 cm soil layer, total root length and root length density. (4) The results of the correlation analysis showed that ROA, and concentration of Z+ZR in roots or in root-bleeding sap, were significantly positively correlated with net photosynthetic rate of flag leaves, the concentration of Z+ZR in flag leaves, and activities of key enzymes involved in sucrose-to-starch conversion in grains. Generally, the appropriate N application rate could improve rice root morphological and physiological traits and promote shoot growth and development, and then improved plant physiological performances during the mid- and late grain filling stages, and finally achieved the due goal of increase both grain yield and NUE.

Key words: japonica-indica hybrid rice, nitrogen application rate, grain yield, nitrogen use efficiency, root morphological and physiological traits

XU Ran, CHEN Song, XU Chun-Mei, LIU Yuan-Hui, ZHANG Xiu-Fu, WANG Dan-Ying, CHU Guang. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer rates on grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency of japonica-indica hybrid rice cultivar Yongyou 1540 and its physiological bases[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2023, 49(6): 1630-1642.

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References 42

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年度 Year	pH	全氮含量 Total N content (g kg^-1)	有机质含量 Organic matter content (g kg^-1)	速效养分含量Available nutrients content (mg kg^-1)
年度 Year	pH	全氮含量 Total N content (g kg^-1)	有机质含量 Organic matter content (g kg^-1)	N	P	K
2020	5.95	2.49	56.5	207	20.8	64.9
2021	6.02	2.55	57.2	211	21.3	65.7

年份/气象条件 Year/meteorological condition	6月 June	7月 July	8月 August	9月 September	10月 October
2020
降雨量Precipitation (mm)	341	236	66.1	223	39.9
日照时长Sunshine (h)	71.1	102	258	122	134
平均气温Temperature (℃)	26.6	26.8	31.0	23.9	19.2
2021
降雨量Precipitation (mm)	221	317	315	125	68.6
日照时长Sunshine (h)	141	246	254	237	196
平均气温Temperature (℃)	26.6	29.3	28.6	26.8	20.0

年度/处理 Year/treatment		产量 Grain yield (t hm^-2)	穗数 No. of panicles (×10⁴ hm^-2)	每穗粒数 Spikelets per panicle	总颖花量 Total spikelets (×10⁶ hm^-2)	结实率 Filled grains (%)	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	收获指数 Harvest index (%)
2020	N0	7.35 c	175 c	195 d	3.41 d	93.2 a	23.1 a	49.5 a
	N1	10.2 b	198 b	255 c	5.05 c	87.2 b	23.1 a	48.8 b
	N2	12.7 a	220 a	310 b	6.82 b	81.5 c	22.9 ab	47.5 c
	N3	12.8 a	222 a	335 a	7.44 a	75.6 d	22.7 b	45.2 d
2021	N0	6.98 c	161 d	200 d	3.22 d	93.5 a	23.2 a	50.1 a
	N1	9.74 b	200 c	246 c	4.92 c	85.7 b	23.1 a	48.7 b
	N2	12.2 a	215 b	307 b	6.60 b	80.4 c	22.9 ab	47.2 c
	N3	12.3 a	225 a	334 a	7.52 a	71.5 d	22.8 b	45.1 d
方差分析ANOVA
Year (Y)		NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
Treatment (T)		**	**	**	**	**	*	**
Y × T		NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS

年度/处理 Year/treatment		植株吸氮量 N uptake (kg hm^-2)	氮收获指数 N harvest index (%)	氮肥吸收利用率 Recovery efficiency (%)	农学利用率 Agronomic efficiency (kg kg^-1)	氮肥偏生产力 Partial factor productivity of N (kg kg^-1)	产谷利用率 Internal N use efficiency (kg kg^-1)
2020	N0	114 d	68.5 a	—	—	—	64.7 a
	N1	168 c	64.4 b	67.9 a	35.3 a	127.0 a	60.6 b
	N2	215 b	63.7 b	63.6 b	33.6 a	79.6 b	59.1 b
	N3	238 a	57.2 c	51.6 c	22.6 b	53.2 c	53.7 c
2021	N0	109 d	70.4 a	—	—	—	64.2 a
	N1	159 c	65.8 b	62.3 a	34.4 a	122.0 a	61.4 b
	N2	200 b	64.5 b	57.3 b	32.3 a	76.0 b	60.6 b
	N3	226 a	56.4 c	48.9 c	21.9 b	51.0 c	54.1 c
方差分析 ANOVA
Year (Y)		NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
Treatment (T)		**	**	**	**	**	**
Y × T		NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS

年度/处理 Year/treatment		蔗糖合酶 SuSase (μmol g^-1 FW min^-1)			腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶 AGPase (μmol g^-1 FW min^-1)
年度/处理 Year/treatment		EG	MG	LG	EG	MG	LG
2020	N0	7.94 c	5.61 c	3.65 d	6.45 b	4.15 c	2.44 d
	N1	10.7 b	7.56 b	5.01 c	7.98 a	5.27 b	3.67 c
	N2	12.4 a	9.89 a	7.17 a	9.45 a	7.29 a	5.44 a
	N3	12.1 a	9.77 a	6.22 b	9.79 a	7.55 a	4.59 b
2021	N0	8.25 c	5.92 c	4.11 d	6.02 c	3.87 c	2.89 d
	N1	9.79 b	8.44 b	5.79 c	7.57 b	5.28 b	4.18 c
	N2	11.2 a	10.3 a	7.10 a	8.91 a	7.15a	6.57 a
	N3	11.5 a	10.5 a	6.45 b	9.20 a	6.99 a	5.79 b
方差分析 Analysis of variance
Year (Y)		NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
Treatment (T)		**	**	**	**	*	*
Y × T		NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer rates on grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency of japonica-indica hybrid rice cultivar Yongyou 1540 and its physiological bases

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指标 Trait	叶片中Z+ZR含量 Z+ZR in leaves	剑叶净光合速率 Photosynthetic rate	蔗糖合酶 SuSase	腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶 AGPase
2020
根系氧化力 ROA	0.78^**	0.85^**	0.79^**	0.82^**
根系中Z+ZR浓度 Z+ZR in roots	0.85^**	0.88^**	0.81^**	0.78^**
根系伤流液中Z+ZR浓度 Z+ZR in root bleeding	0.75^**	0.80^**	0.83^**	0.76^**
2021
根系氧化力 ROA	0.84^**	0.88^**	0.79^**	0.85^**
根系中Z+ZR浓度 Z+ZR in roots	0.79^**	0.85^**	0.80^**	0.78^**
根系伤流液中Z+ZR浓度 Z+ZR in root bleeding	0.83^**	0.78^**	0.72^**	0.69^**

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