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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (5): 1363-1371.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.23050

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Difference analysis of yield and resource use efficiency of modern summer maize varieties in Huang-Huai-Hai region

LIU Xin-Meng1(), CHENG Yi1, LIU Yu-Wen2, PANG Shang-Shui3, YE Xiu-Qin3, BU Yan-Xia3, ZHANG Ji-Wang1, ZHAO Bin1, REN Bai-Zhao1, REN Hao1,*(), LIU Peng1,*()   

  1. 1College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China
    2Shanghe Agriculture Bureau, Jinan 251600, Shandong, China
    3Jinan New Oasis Agricultural Development Co., LTD., Jinan 251619, Shandong, China
  • Received:2022-06-21 Accepted:2022-09-05 Online:2023-05-12 Published:2022-09-19
  • Contact: *E-mail: renhao93@sdau.edu.cn; E-mail: liupengsdau@126.com
  • Supported by:
    Shandong Provincial Key Research and development program(LJNY202103);Shandong Province Key Agricultural Project for Application Technology Innovation(SDAIT-02-08)

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Abstract:

Variety improvement plays an important role in improving the yield per unit area of summer maize, but the reasons for the yield difference between modern summer maize varieties are not clear at present. The experiment was conducted at the National Demonstration Center for Crop Varieties in Shanghe. 390 maize varieties approved or to be approved in Huang-Huai-Hai rivers region of China were selected. To explore the yield and resource use efficiency differences of different summer maize varieties and their causes, plant samples were taken at maize maturity stage to determine yield and its components, dry matter accumulation and distribution, nitrogen accumulation, distribution and utilization, and radiation and thermal utilization efficiency of different varieties at maturity stage. There were significant differences in yield among different varieties of summer maize. The direct path coefficients of number of harvested ear, grain number per ear, and 1000-grain weight on yield were 0.57, 1.00, and 0.88, respectively, indicating that the yield difference among varieties were mainly affected by the change of grain number per ear. The accumulation and distribution of dry matter and nitrogen had significant effects on summer maize yield. Compared with that in the yield range of <7 t hm-2, the total dry matter of the plant population in the yield range of 7.0-8.0, 8.0-9.0, 9.0-10.0, 10.0-11.0, and >11.0 t hm-2 was increased by 12.25%, 20.52%, 29.61%, 40.11%, and 54.04%, respectively. Grain nitrogen accumulation was increased by 16.62%, 24.85%, 38.45%, 48.42%, and 68.41%, respectively. Grain dry matter allocation was increased by 5.11%, 9.93%, 13.32%, 15.51%, and 17.94%, and grain nitrogen allocation was increased by 4.09%, 7.24%, 7.37%, 7.31%, and 10.91%, respectively. The radiation use efficiency of grain was increased by 12.50%, 21.25%, 30.00%, 41.25%, and 55.00%, respectively. The thermal utilization efficiency of grain was increased by 11.36%, 20.45%, 29.55%, 39.77%, and 53.41%, respectively. To achieve high-yielding and high-efficient production of summer maize, high-yielding maize varieties were improved dry matter and nitrogen accumulation in maize population, increased the proportion of dry matter and nitrogen distribution in grain, improved the utilization efficiency of nitrogen, radiation and thermal in plant, and promoted the synergistic improvement of yield components, especially the increase of grain number per ear.

Key words: summer maize varieties, yield composition, dry matter accumulation, nitrogen distribution, utilization efficiency of radiation and thermal

Table S1

Hybrid summer maize in the experiment"

序号 品种 序号 品种 序号 品种
No. Hybrid No. Hybrid No. Hybrid
1 邦玉 339 Bangyu 339 131 金海 2010 Jinhai 2010 261 士海 746 Shihai 746
2 邦玉 359 Bangyu 359 132 金惠 1571 Jinhui 1571 262 士海 836 Shihai 836
3 邦玉 591 Bangyu 591 133 金惠 1648 Jinhui 1648 263 士海 846 Shihai 846
4 邦玉 593 Bangyu 593 134 金科玉 3306 Jinkeyu 3306 264 士海 916 Shihai 916
5 邦玉 596 Bangyu 596 135 金来 318 Jinlai 318 265 双惠 87 Shuanghui 87
6 邦玉 721 Bangyu 721 136 金来 376 Jinlai 376 266 苏玉 34 Suyu 34
7 帮豪玉 108 Banghaoyu 108 137 金来 515 Jinlai 515 267 苏玉 42 Suyu 42
8 帮豪玉 6511 Banghaoyu 6511 138 金来 8 号 Jinlai 8 268 粟玉 99 Suyu 99
9 宝单 10 号 Baodan 10 139 金来 918 Jinlai 918 269 太玉 339 Taiyu 339
10 宝单 918 Baodan 918 140 金来 98 Jinlai 98 270 太玉 811 Taiyu 811
11 宝单 9 号 Baodan 9 141 金来玉 5 号 Jinlaiyu 5 271 天塔 119 Tianta 119
12 北青 340 Beiqing 340 142 金美 2 Jinmei 2 272 天塔 619 Tianta 619
13 北青 380 Beiqing 340 143 金农 109 Jinnong 109 273 天塔 688 Tianta 688
14 仓玉 7S Cangyu 7S 144 金农 168 Jinnong 168 274 天塔 8318 Tianta 8318
15 沧玉 76 Cangyu 76 145 金农 9 号 Jinnong 9 275 天泰 16050 Tiantai 16050
16 承玉 33 Chengyu 33 146 金圣玉 005 Jinshengyu 005 276 天泰 315 Tiantai 315
17 创新 608 Chuangxin 608 147 金圣玉 006 Jinshengyu006 277 天泰 316 Tiantai 316
18 纯玉 958 Chunyu 958 148 金圣玉 968 Jinshengyu 968 278 天泰 339 Tiantai 339
19 大成 168 Dacheng 168 149 金通 152 Jintong 152 279 天泰 366 Tiantai 366
20 大丰 30 Dafeng 30 150 金阳光 7 号 Jinyangguang 7 280 天泰 379 Tiantai 379
21 大华 1146 Dahua 1146 151 金阳光 9 号 Jinyangguang 9 281 天泰 522 Tiantai 522
22 大华 1483 Dahua 1483 152 金玉 3 号 Jinyu 3 282 天益青 7096 Tianyiqing 7096
23 大唐 220 Datang 220 153 锦润 919 Jinrun 919 283 铁研 388 Tieyan 388
24 大玉 3 号 Dayu 3 154 锦绣 80 Jinxiu 80 284 铁研 58 Tieyan 58
25 丹 3389 Dan 3389 155 京农科 728 Jingnongke 728 285 万和 5 号 Wanhe 5
26 丹玉 336 Danyu 336 156 京农科 736 Jingnongke 736 286 伟科 702 Weike 702
27 丹玉 405 Danyu 405 157 京品 50 Jingpin 50 287 伟科 966 Weike 966
28 丹玉 86 Danyu 86 158 九圣禾 1268 Jiushenghe 1268 288 渭单 3168 Weidan 3168
29 道吉 1+1 Daoji 1+1 159 九圣禾 561 Jiushenghe 561 289 渭单 6000 Weidan 6000
30 德单 123 Dedan 123 160 九圣禾 562 Jiushenghe 562 290 沃峰 188 Wofeng 188
31 德发 5 号 Defa 5 161 九圣禾 661 Jiushenghe 661 291 沃峰 9 号 Wofeng 9
32 德利农 318 Delinong 318 162 九玉 Y02 Jiuyu Y02 292 沃玉 3 号 Woyu 3
33 德威 1601 Dewei 1601 163 洰丰 1518 Jufeng 1518 293 沃玉 963 Woyu 963
34 登海 208 Denghai 208 164 洰丰 339 Jufeng 339 294 沃玉 964 Woyu 964
35 登海 3737 Denghai 3737 165 洰丰 811 Jufeng 811 295 五谷 305 Wugu 305
36 登海 518 Denghai 518 166 均隆 1210 Junlong 1210 296 五谷 310 Wugu 310
37 登海 605 Denghai 605 167 均隆 1217 Junlong 1217 297 五谷 355 Wugu 355
38 登海 618 Denghai 618 168 科玉 15 Keyu 15 298 五谷 538 Wugu 538
39 登海 6702 Denghai 6702 169 莱科 818 Laike 818 299 五谷 563 Wugu 563
40 登海 678 Denghai 678 170 乐农 8 Lenong 8 300 五谷 568 Wugu 568
41 迪卡 517 Dika 517 171 蠡试 528 Lishi 528 301 五谷 631 Wugu 631
42 迪卡 667 Dika 667 172 蠡玉 151 Liyu 151 302 五谷 635 Wugu 635
43 鼎玉 3 号 Dingyu 3 173 蠡玉 55 Liyu 55 303 五谷 638 Wugu 638
44 东单 60 Dongdan 60 174 蠡玉 88 Liyu 88 304 先达 601 Xianda 601
45 东单 6531 Dongdan 6531 175 立原 296 Liyuan 296 305 先单 23 Xiandan 23
46 ZD 255 176 立原 298 Liyuan 298 306 先行 1538 Xianxing 1538
47 东金 6 Dongjin 6 177 立原 316 Liyuan 316 307 先行 1568 Xianxing 1568
48 东科 301 Dongke 301 178 立原 326 Liyuan 326 308 先行 1658 Xianxing 1658
49 东润 188 Dongrun 188 179 连胜 188 Liansheng 188 309 先行 628 Xianxing 628
50 东玉 158 Dongyu 158 180 连胜 2018 Liansheng 2018 310 先玉 045 Xianyu 045
51 泛玉 298 Fanyu 298 181 连胜 2025 Liansheng2025 311 先玉 047 Xianyu 047
52 泛玉 98 Fanyu 98 182 连胜 208 Liansheng 208 312 先玉 048 Xianyu 048
53 丰储 1 号 Fengchu 1 183 连胜 216 Liansheng 216 313 先玉 1140 Xianyu 1140
54 丰德存玉 10 号 Fengdecunyu 10 184 连胜 238 Liansheng 238 314 先玉 335 Xianyu 335
55 福地 203 Fudi 203 185 连试 10 号 Lianshi 10 315 翔玉 126 Xiangyu 126
56 福盛源 1 号 Fushengyuan 1 186 连试 9 号 Lianshi 9 316 翔玉 322 Xiangyu 322
57 福盛源 57 Fushengyuan 57 187 联科 69 Lianke 69 317 翔玉 998 Xiangyu 998
58 冠丰 116 Guanfeng 116 188 良玉 23 Liangyu 23 318 新单 61 Xindan 61
59 冠丰 117 Guanfeng 117 189 良玉 911 Liangyu 911 319 新单 65 Xindan 65
60 冠丰 118 Guanfeng 118 190 良玉 99 Liangyu 99 320 新单 68 Xindan 68
61 冠丰 178 Guanfeng 178 191 良玉 DF100 Liangyu DF100 321 新科 891 Xinke 891
62 冠丰 3 号 Guanfeng 3 192 良玉 DF600 Liangyu DF600 322 新科 910 Xinke 910
63 汉单 168 Handan 168 193 辽 575 Liao 575 323 新宽诚 13 Xinkuancheng 13
64 汉单 175 Handan 175 194 龙华 307 Longhua 307 324 新玉 47 Xinyu 47
65 汉单 777 Handan 777 195 龙华 368 Longhua 368 325 鑫研 218 Xinyan 218
66 航星 118 Hangxing 118 196 龙华 369 Longhua 369 326 延玉 988 Yanyu 988
67 航研 9658 Hangyan 9658 197 龙作 1 号 Longzuo 1 327 沪种玉 Huzhongyu
68 豪威 168 Haowei 168 198 庐玉 9105 Luyu 9108 328 优迪 919 Youdi 919
69 豪威 568 Haowei 568 199 鲁北 67 Lubei 67 329 宇玉 30 Yuyu 30
70 昊玉 673 Haoyu 673 200 鲁单 9056 Ludan 9056 330 郁青 358 Yuqing 358
71 合丰育 118 Hefengyu 118 201 鲁单 9066 Ludan 9066 331 裕丰 105 Yufeng 105
72 荷玉 007 Heyu 007 202 鲁单 9088 Ludan 9088 332 豫单 606 Yudan 606
73 荷玉 127 Heyu 127 203 鲁宁 184 Luning 184 333 豫禾 357 Yuhe 357
74 荷玉 138 Heyu 138 204 鲁宁 776 Luning 776 334 豫禾 358 Yuhe 358
75 荷玉 157 Heyu 157 205 鲁星 513 Luxing 513 335 豫禾 588 Yuhe 588
76 荷玉 167 Heyu 167 206 鲁星 515 Luxing 515 336 豫禾 781 Yuhe 781
77 荷玉 187 Heyu 187 207 潞研 1502 Luyan 1502 337 豫禾 868 Yuhe 868
78 黑马 603 Heima 603 208 潞玉 36 Luyu 36 338 豫玉 863 Yuyu 863
79 恒丰 102 Hefeng 102 209 美豫 168 Meiyu 168 339 源丰 YT008 Yuanfeng YT008
80 恒丰玉 618 Hefengyu 618 210 美豫 269 Meiyu 269 340 昭阳 7 号 Zhaoyang 7
81 恒丰玉 698 Hefengyu 698 211 美豫 512 Meiyu 512 341 兆育 11 Zhaoyu 11
82 弘玉 9 号 Hongyu 9 212 美豫 5 号 Meiyu 5 342 兆育 17 Zhaoyu 17
83 华诚 168 Huacheng 168 213 美豫 7 号 Meiyu 7 343 兆育 261 Zhaoyu 261
84 华科 336 Huake 336 214 梦玉 908 Mengyu 908 344 兆育 298 Zhaoyu 298
85 华良 29 Hualiang 29 215 梦玉 909 Mengyu 909 345 正弘 659 Zhenghong 659
86 华良 57 Hualiang 57 216 明科玉 1 号 Mingkeyu 1 346 正玉 16 Zhengyu 16
87 华良 78 Hualiang 78 217 明科玉 2 号 Mingkeyu 2 347 正玉 998 Zhengyu 998
88 华鲁 919 Hualu 919 218 明科玉 33 Mingkeyu 33 348 郑单 1002 Zhengdan 1002
89 华美 1 号 Huamei 1 219 明科玉 77 Mingkeyu 77 349 郑单 958 Zhengdan 958
90 华美 368 Huamei 368 220 宁禾 4552 Ninghe 4552 350 中地 79 Zhongdi 79
91 华农 138 Huanong 138 221 宁研 16002 Ningyan 16002 351 中地 88 Zhongdi 88
92 华盛 801 Huasheng 801 222 宁研 16011 Ningyan 16011 352 中地 89 Zhongdi 89
93 华皖 267 Huawan 267 223 宁研 518 Ningyan 518 353 中汇 1402 Zhonghui 1402
94 华皖 602 Huawan 602 224 宁玉 468 Ningyu 468 354 种源 SY168 Zhongyuan SY168
95 华皖 611 Huawan 611 225 农大 367 Nongda 367 355 众信 338 Zhongxin 338
96 华皖 617 Huawan 617 226 农大 372 Nongda 372 356 众信 978 Zhongxin 978
97 华玉 777 Huayu 777 227 农华 816 Nonghua 816 357 淄玉 14 Ziyu 14
98 滑玉 168 Huayu 168 228 农良 2209 Nongliang 2209 358 DF188
99 滑玉 388 Huayu 388 229 农星 207 Nongxing 207 359 DF688
100 怀玉 208 Huaiyu 208 230 农星 2126 Nongxing 2126 360 DF718
101 怀玉 23 Huaiyu 23 231 诺达 1 号 Nuoda 1 361 DY206
102 汇丰 16 Huifeng 16 232 平安 169 Ping’an 169 362 DYS9-3
103 惠农 609 Huinong 609 233 平安 186 Ping’an 186 363 G450
104 机玉 12 Jiyu 12 234 平安 998 Ping’an 998 364 GS004
105 机玉 3 号 Jiyu 3 235 齐单 128 Qidan 128 365 J1483
106 激活 20 Jihuo 20 236 齐单 1 号 Qidan 1 366 LD2006
107 吉东 136 Jidong 136 237 强盛 103 Qiangsheng 103 367 LS838
108 吉东 828 Jidong 828 238 强盛 288 Qiangsheng 288 368 LY1312
109 吉利 198 Jili 198 239 强盛 368 Qiangsheng 368 369 LY23
110 吉农大 819 Jinongda 819 240 强盛 369 Qiangsheng 369 370 LY317
111 吉农大 889 Jinongda 889 241 强盛 388 Qiangsheng 388 371 MC670
112 吉农大 928 Jinongda 928 242 强硕 168 Qiangshuo 168 372 MC703
113 纪元 128 Jiyuan 128 243 青农 11 Qingnong 11 373 NK718
114 纪元 168 Jiyuan 168 244 秋乐 218 Qiule 218 374 NK815
115 济玉 1201 Jiyu 1201 245 全玉 1233 Quanyu 1233 375 RY39
116 济玉 1302 Jiyu 1302 246 荃研 2 号 Quanyan 2 376 Sanb 007
117 济玉 1305 Jiyu 1305 247 泉银 226 Quanyin 226 377 SK567
118 济玉 1419 Jiyu 1419 248 泉玉 217 Quanyu 217 378 SPR958
119 济玉 3240 Jiyu 3240 249 泉玉 7 号 Quanyu 7 379 SY8054
120 济玉 901 Jiyu 901 250 瑞普 908 Ruipu 908 380 WY1838
121 冀农 121 Jinong 121 251 瑞普 909 Ruipu 909 381 WY911
122 冀农 1 号 Jinong 1 252 瑞玉 669 Ruiyu 669 382 WY979
123 冀玉 179 Jiyu 179 253 三北 218 Sanbei 218 383 YF3240
124 冀玉 19 Jiyu 19 254 山连 2 号 Shanlian 2 384 ZD103
125 金诚 6 号 Jincheng 6 255 陕科 10 号 Shaanke 10 385 ZD166
126 金海 111 Jinhai 111 256 陕科 6 号 Shaanke 6 386 ZD194
127 金海 1130 Jinhai 1130 257 圣玉 358 Shengyu 358 387 ZD94
128 金海 1150 Jinhai 150 258 圣玉青 1 号 Shengyuqing 1 388 ZH308
129 金海 13 Jinhai 13 259 盛瑞 999 Shengrui 999 389 ZH503
130 金海 1488 Jinhai 1488 260 士海 738 Shihai 738 390 ZH511

Table 1

Descriptive statistics of grain yield of summer maize under different yield ranges"

产量范围
Yield range (t hm-2)		 样本量
n		 收获穗数
Actual ears (×104 hm-2)		 穗粒数
Grain number per ear		 千粒重
1000-kernel weight (g)
<7 22 6.27 d 449.77 e 287.00 c
7-8 73 6.22 d 487.00 d 311.20 b
8-9 116 6.45 c 529.19 c 312.39 b
9-10 106 6.70 b 552.83 b 319.73 b
10-11 52 6.86 ab 569.68 ab 331.93 a
>11 21 7.09 a 586.98 a 343.09 a

Fig. 1

Fitting analysis of grain yield with actual ears, grain number per spike, and 1000-grain weight of different varieties *** indicates that the linear regression results were significant difference at the 0.001 probability level."

Table 2

Path analysis of yield and yield components of summer maize"

变量
Variate		 直接系数
Direct coefficients		 间接系数 Indirect coefficients
收获穗数Actual ears 穗粒数Grain number per ear 千粒重1000-kernel weight
收获穗数Actual ears 0.57 -0.17 -0.10
穗粒数Grain number per ear 1.00 -0.09 -0.41
千粒重1000-kernel weight 0.88 -0.07 -0.48
决定系数Determination coefficient R2=0.96

Fig. 2

Path analysis of yield and yield components of summer maize at different yield levels VA: variables; DC: direct coefficient; AE: actual ears; GN: grain number per ear; KW: 1000-kernel weight; R2: determination coefficient. The data in the table represent the direct path coefficients for the two adjacent production levels."

Fig. 3

Correlation analysis between grain yield and dry matter in different varieties"

Table 3

Differences in dry matter accumulation and distribution of varieties at different yield levels"

产量范围
Yield range
(t hm-2)		 干物质积累Dry matter accumulation (t hm-2) 干物质分配Dry matter distribution (%)
茎秆
Stalk		 叶片
Leaf		 籽粒
Grain		 植株
Plant		 茎秆
Stalk		 叶片
Leaf		 籽粒
Grain
<7 5.56 d 2.55 d 7.63 f 15.75 f 35.24 16.18 48.58
7-8 5.95 cd 2.65 d 8.97 e 17.56 e 33.70 15.05 51.25
8-9 6.21 c 2.80 c 10.03 d 19.04 d 32.40 14.69 52.91
9-10 6.50 b 2.96 b 11.10 c 20.55 c 31.50 14.36 54.14
10-11 6.88 a 3.11 a 12.16 b 22.15 b 30.98 14.05 54.97
>11 7.10 a 3.28 a 13.33 a 23.71 a 29.83 13.86 56.31

Table 4

Nitrogen accumulation and distribution in summer maize at different yield levels"

产量范围
Yield range
(t hm-2)		 氮素积累N accumulation (kg hm-2) 氮素分配N distribution (%)
茎秆
Stalk		 叶片
Leaf		 籽粒
Grain		 植株
Plant		 茎秆
Stalk		 叶片
Leaf		 籽粒
Grain
<7 32.06 cd 31.87 c 76.99 f 140.92 f 22.51 22.66 54.83
7-8 35.92 c 32.04 c 89.99 e 157.96 e 22.59 20.34 57.07
8-9 36.28 c 32.79 c 97.69 d 166.76 d 21.57 19.73 58.70
9-10 38.64 ab 34.84 b 104.85 c 178.33 c 21.58 19.55 58.87
10-11 42.12 a 37.24 a 113.05 b 192.41 b 21.76 19.40 58.84
>11 42.93 a 38.59 a 125.58 a 206.48 a 20.46 18.73 60.81

Fig. 4

Nitrogen partial productivity of summer maize at different yield levels"

Table 5

Radiation and thermal resource utilization efficiency in dry matter and grain layer of summer maize at different yield levels."

产量范围
Yield range
(t hm-2)		 干物质 Dry matter 籽粒 Grain yield
光能利用效率
Radiation use efficiency
(g MJ-1)		 温度利用效率
Thermal use efficiency
(kg hm-2 ℃-1)		 光能利用效率
Radiation use efficiency
(g MJ-1)		 温度利用效率
Thermal use efficiency
(kg hm-2 ℃-1)
<7 0.81 f 8.78 f 0.35 f 3.79 f
7-8 0.89 e 9.75 e 0.41 e 4.46 e
8-9 0.97 d 10.60 d 0.46 d 5.04 d
9-10 1.05 c 11.44 c 0.51 c 5.59 c
10-11 1.13 b 12.35 b 0.56 b 6.14 b
>11 1.21 a 13.23 a 0.62 a 6.77 a
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