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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (3): 755-771.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.22016

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Dry matter partitioning properties and mechanism of ratooning rice and main crop (late season) synchronized in rice heading time

WU Dong-Qing1(), LI Zhou2, GUO Chun-Lin3, ZOU Jing-Nan1, PANG Zi-Qin3, LIN Fei-Fan1, HE Hai-Bin1, LIN Wen-Xiong1,3,*()   

  1. 1College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University / Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Process and Safety Monitoring, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
    2Subtropical Agriculture Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhangzhou 363005, Fujian, China
    3Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Integrated Utilization, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
  • Received:2022-03-18 Accepted:2022-07-21 Online:2023-03-12 Published:2022-08-24
  • Contact: LIN Wen-Xiong E-mail:wudq606@163.com;wenxiong181@163.com
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0300508);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0301602);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD0301105);Fujian-Taiwan Coordination Innovation Center for Plant Germplasm Creation and Green Cultivation(Fujian 2011 Project);Fujian-Taiwan Coordination Innovation Center for Plant Germplasm Creation and Green Cultivation(2015-75);Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Science and Technology Development Fund Project(KF2015043)

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Abstract:

It is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the dry matter accumulation and translocation properties of ratoon rice for further understanding the physiological mechanism of yield formation and exploring the potential of yield increase. In this study, two rice varieties, Jiafuzhan (conventional indica rice) and Yongyou 2640 (indica-japonica hybrid rice), popularly planted in Southeast China, were used as the test materials. The ratooning and main rice crops of the two cultivars were regulated to be heading and ripening in the similar temperature condition of late autumn. Differences of photosynthetic physiology, hormone content, dry matter production, NSC translocation, and 13C assimilate in aboveground and underground parts of ratooning rice and its main crop synchronized heading in late season were compared. The results showed that, compared with main crop (late season) synchronized in rice heading time, the growth period of ratooning rice of the two varieties was 50% shorter, but they had 50% increase of effective panicles and 10% increase of harvest indexes, so the final yield could still reach 55%-65% of the control yield; the photosynthetic rate and SPAD value of the ratooning rice at the early stage of grain filling were significantly higher, but they turned to be significantly lower from 20 days after full heading to maturity; the content of ZR and IAA in ratooning rice were higher at the full heading stage, but lower later; the content of ABA in ratooning rice was 10%-20% higher from full heading stage to 10 days or 20 days after full heading, while the content of GA3 in ratooning rice was generally lower; NSC translocation rates of stubble, leaf and stem-sheath of the two tested varieties were as high as 67%-78%, 59%-67%, and 52%-61%, respectively, and the contribution rate of NSC translocation to yield was also as high as 10%-18%, respectively. The distribution rate of 13C photochemical compounds in panicle of ratooning rice at maturity stage was up to 20.83%, and the translocation of 13C assimilates to underground part of ratooning rice was reduced by 5%, resulting in more effective panicles and higher harvest index. Therefore, ratooning rice can reduce translocation and allocation of photoassimilates to rhizosphere soil, improve harvest index, lessen CH4, and other greenhouse gas emissions, which is a high-benefit and environment-friendly rice cropping pattern.

Key words: ratooning season rice, 13C pulse labeling, non-structural carbohydrate, dry matter accumulation and translocation

Fig. 1

Monthly temperature and precipitation variation during the whole growth period of ratooning rice"

Table 1

Comparison between grain yield and its components of ratooning season rice and the late season rice (main crop) synchronized in heading time"

品种
Cultivar name		 种植模式Cropping pattern 有效穗数
Effective panicles (m-2)		 每穗粒数
No. of grains per panicles		 结实率
Seed setting percentage (%)		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)		 产量
Grain yield
(t hm-2)		 收获指数Harvest index (%)
2018 JFZ RCR 442.0±4.9 a 51.0±2.0 a 90.1±1.08 a 23.5±0.24 a 4.77±0.15 Aa 56.9±0.4 a
STLR 276.0±7.8 c 112.0±5.3 b 86.0±1.79 b 27.5±0.30 b 7.31±0.26 Bb 42.7±0.2 b
YY2640 RCR 336.0±10.6 b 112.7±4.4 b 63.7±2.49 c 22.3±0.17 c 5.38±0.10 Cc 53.5±0.2 c
STLR 224.0±7.3 c 293.7±7.5 c 70.6±1.73 c 22.6±0.56 c 10.50 Dd 49.5±0.1 d
2019 JFZ RCR 441.7±8.8 a 49.5±1.2 a 90.3±2.39 a 23.4±0.28 a 4.62±0.13 Aa 55.3±0.1 a
STLR 275.4±3.3 c 111.2±3.1 b 85.6±2.54 b 27.0±0.28 b 7.08±0.20 Bb 50.2±0.2 b
YY2640 RCR 307.0±7.7 b 115.1±6.9 b 82.6±1.31 b 22.6±0.40 c 6.58±0.30 Cc 54.3±0.4 c
STLR 209.1±5.1 c 284.3±10.6 c 80.3±2.42 b 22.2±0.32 c 10.6±0.24 Dd 49.4±0.1 d
自由度DF F-value
年度Year (Y) 1 NS NS NS NS NS NS
品种Cultivar (C) 159.6 8.64** 18.101*** 16.725*** 7.649*** 6.971* NS
种植模式
Cropping system (S)		 1 39.661*** 16.891*** NS 7.316* 24.08*** 16.055**
年度×品种Y×C 3 NS 5.49** 13.304*** NS NS NS
年度×种植模式Y×S 3 12.274*** 5.127** NS NS 7.448** 6.181**
品种×种植模式C×S 3 151.952*** 476.76*** 5.68** 9.79*** 31.023*** 6.62**
年度×品种×种植模式
Y×C×S		 7 67.566*** 173.042*** 5.838** 3.437* 11.746*** 3.917*

Fig. 2

Net photosynthetic rate (NPR) of rice leaves detected in the different time courses at full heading and ripening stages sunder different rice cropping patterns HS, 10 DAH, 20 DAH and MS refer to heading stage, 10 days after full heading stage, 20 days after full heading stage, and maturity stage, respectively. * in the figure indicates significant difference at the 0.05 probability level in the comparison of NPR in the flag leaves of RCR and STLR detected in the same time courses of the heading and ripening stages. Abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 1."

Fig. 3

SPAD value of rice leaves detected detected in the different time courses at full heading and ripening stages sunder different rice cropping patterns * in the figure indicates significant difference at the 0.05 probability level in the comparison of SPAD values in the flag leaves of RCR and STLR detected in the same time courses of the heading and ripening stages. Abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 1 and Fig. 2."

Table 2

Variation of leaf area index and SPAD decay rate in different planting patterns at late stage in rice"

测定指标
Determination index		 品种及稻作模式
Cultivar and cropping pattern		 孕穗期
Booting
stage		 抽穗期
Heading
stage		 乳熟期
Milk
stage		 成熟期
Maturity
stage
叶面积指数
Leaf area index		 JFZ-RCR 1.0±0.10 a 2.10±0.20 a 2.20±0.20 a 2.30±0.40
JFZ-STLR 5.2±0.70 b 4.90±0.02 b 5.80±0.30 b 5.30±0.90
YY2640-RCR 2.4±0.50 a 2.40±0.50 a 2.40±0.50 a 2.40±0.50
YY2640-STLR 4.7±0.80 b 5.30±0.30 b 5.80±0.70 b 6.20±0.90
剑叶SPAD衰减率(降低值/d)
Decay rate of blade SPAD		 JFZ-RCR 0.1±0.10 a 0.25±0.08 a 1.16±0.30 a 1.19±0.09
JFZ-STLR 0.1±0.04 a 0.16±0.03 b 0.70±0.07 b 0.87±0.12
YY2640-RCR 0.22±0.08 a 0.24±0.09 a 1.02±0.26 a 1.40±0.11
YY2640-STLR 0.05±0.01 b 0.10±0.08 b 0.59±0.12 b 0.95±0.04
单株叶重
Leaf weight per plant (g plants-1)		 JFZ-RCR 10.00±1.77 a 5.30±1.15 a
JFZ-STLR 25.50±1.25 b 14.90±0.56 b
YY2640-RCR 15.10±1.87 a 7.90±1.85 a
YY2640-STLR 26.10±0.65 b 20.9±0.75 b

Fig. 4

Differences of hormone contents in roots, stems, leaves and spikelets of rice under different cropping patterns Abbreviations are the same as those given in Table 1 and Fig. 2. Different lowercase letters indicate signisicant difference at the 0.05 probability level."

Table 3

Correlation among panicle weight per plant, chlorophyll SPAD, hormone content and dry matter translocation in the period from heading to maturity stage under different planting modes"

项目
Item		 单株穗重
Panicle weight per plant
(g plant-1)		 玉米素核苷
ZR
(μg g-1 FW)		 赤霉素
GA3
(μg g-1 FW)		 脱落酸
ABA
(μg g-1 FW)		 生长素
IAA
(μg g-1 FW)		 叶绿素SPAD值
SPAD value		 转运量
Translocation amount
(g plant-1)		 运转率
Translocation rate
(%)
单株穗重
Panicle weight per plant
(g plant-1)		 1 -0.401 -0.667 0.612 -0.412 -0.411 0.800* 0.402
玉米素核苷
ZR (μg g-1 FW)		 1 0.821* -0.711* 0.970** 0.990** -0.760* -1.000**
赤霉素GA3 (μg g-1 FW) 1 -0.975** 0.821* 0.821* -0.975** -0.821
脱落酸ABA (μg g-1 FW) 1 -0.700* -0.890* 1.000** 0.760*
生长素IAA (μg g-1 FW) 1 1.000** -0.770* -1.000**
叶绿素SPAD值
SPAD value		 1 -0.760* -1.000**
转运量
Translocation amount
(g plant-1)		 1 0.788*
运转率
Translocation rate (%)		 1

Table 4

Dry matter translocation properties of rice plant after full heading stage under different rice cropping patterns"

年度
Year		 品种
Cultivar		 种植模式
Cropping pattern		 干物质转运量
Translocation amount of
dry matter (kg hm-2)		 干物质转运率
Translocation rate of
dry matter (%)		 干物质贡献率
Contribution rate of
dry matter (%)		 齐穗后干物质贡献率
Contribution rate of dry matter after full heading stage (%)
稻桩
Stubble		 茎鞘
Stem-sheath		 叶片
Leaf		 稻桩
Stubble		 茎鞘
Stem-sheath		 叶片
Leaf		 稻桩
Stubble		 茎鞘
Stem-sheath		 叶片
Leaf
2018 JFZ RCR 204.2 781.7 c 261.1 b 12.6 17.6 b 25.2 b 2.7 12.6 b 7.8 b 76.9 b
STLR — 526.0 bc 254.8 b — 7.9 c 9.6 d — 8.5 c 4.1 c 87.4 a
YY2640 RCR 245.6 703.0 a 446.3 a 20.0 21.3 a 26.8 a 5.1 14.6 a 9.3 a 71.0 c
STLR — 584.8 b 437.4 a — 6.6 c 12.5 c — 6.3 d 4.7 c 89.0 a
2019 JFZ RCR 246.3 819.4 ab 237.6 c 18.7 27.0 a 30.2 a 5.6 18.6 a 5.4 a 70.4 c
STLR — 666.2 b 232.7 c — 11.0 c 14.7 c — 11.5 b 4.0 c 84.5 b
YY2640 RCR 269.6 941.6 a 321.4 b 16.2 23.4 b 28.4 b 4.7 16.6 a 5.6 a 73.1 c
STLR — 684.0 b 396.4 a — 7.8 d 12.3 d — 7.7 c 4.5 b 87.8 a

Table 5

Accumulation and allocation characteristics of soluble sugars, starches and non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) in rice stems, sheaths and leaves under different planting patterns"

品种
Cultivar		 稻作
模式
Cropping pattern		 可溶性糖含量
Content of soluble sugars (g plant-1)		 淀粉含量
Content of starches (g plant-1)		 NSC含量
Content of NSC (g plant-1)
根
Root		 茎鞘
Stem-sheath		 叶
Leaf		 稻桩
Stubble		 籽粒
Grain		 根
Root		 茎鞘
Stem-sheath		 叶
Leaf		 稻桩
Stubble		 籽粒
Grain		 根
Root		 茎鞘
Stem-sheath		 叶
Leaf		 稻桩
Stubble		 籽粒
Grain
齐穗期 Full heading stage
JFZ RCR 0.57 c 2.14 b 0.44 d 0.43 a 0.25 c 0.67 b 2.38 d 0.32 c 0.52 b 0.02 d 1.24 c 4.52 c 0.76 d 0.95 a 0.27 c
STLR 1.65 a 2.62 b 0.72 c 0.26 c 1.22 a 5.66 b 0.53 b 0.05 c 2.87 a 8.28 ab 1.25 c 0.31 c
YY2640 RCR 0.86 b 2.42 b 1.03 b 0.34 b 0.26 c 0.66 b 4.25 c 0.85 ab 0.82 a 0.02 d 1.52 c 6.67 bc 1.88 b 1.16 a 0.28 c
STLR 1.35 ab 3.93 a 1.56 a 1.06 a 1.22 a 6.82 a 1.15 a 0.07 b 2.57 a 10.75 a 2.71 a 1.13 a
成熟期 Maturity stage
JFZ RCR 0.27 c 0.98 d 0.16 d 0.09 b 1.02 a 0.18 cd 1.18 c 0.19 c 0.12 b 17.22 c 0.45 c 2.16 c 0.35 d 0.21 b 18.24 c
STLR 1.08 a 3.22 a 0.64 c 0.58 b 0.67 a 2.59 a 0.33 b 28.51 b 1.75 a 5.81 a 0.97 b 29.09 b
YY2640 RCR 0.49 b 1.51 c 0.23 d 0.18 a 1.17 a 0.26 c 1.07 c 0.39 b 0.20 a 26.62 b 0.75 b 2.58 c 0.62 c 0.38 a 27.79 b
STLR 1.13 a 3.18 a 1.07 b 0.80 ab 0.59 ab 2.88 a 0.75 a 41.58 a 1.72 a 6.06 a 1.82 a 42.38 a

Table 6

Translocation characteristic of soluble sugars, starches and non-structural carbohydrates(NSC) of rice stems, sheaths and leaves in maturity stage under different planting patterns"

品种
Cultivar		 稻作模式
Cropping Pattern		 NSC转运量
Translocation amount of NSC (g plant-1)		 NSC转运率
Translocation rate of NSC (%)		 NSC转运对产量贡献率
Contribution rate of NSC translocation to production (%)
根
Root		 茎鞘
Stem-sheath		 叶
Leaf		 桩
Stubble		 根
Root		 茎鞘
Stem-sheath		 叶
Leaf		 桩
Stubble		 茎鞘
Stem-sheath		 叶
Leaf		 桩
Stubble
JFZ RCR 0.79 b 2.36 d 0.41 c 0.74 a 63.71 a 52.21 b 58.73 b 77.89 a 12.93 ab 2.24 b 4.05 a
STLR 1.12 a 2.47 d 0.28 d 39.02 c 29.83 d 22.40 d 8.49 c 0.96 d
YY2640 RCR 0.77 bc 4.09 b 1.26 a 0.78 a 50.65 b 61.31 a 67.02 a 67.02 a 14.71 a 4.43 a 2.81 b
STLR 0.85 b 4.69 a 0.89 b 33.07 d 43.62 c 32.84 c 11.06 b 2.10 b

Table 7

Contents of 13C assimilates of rice plant organs and soil in different cropping patterns"

品种
Cultivar		 分配部位
Allocated part		 齐穗期含量
Contents at full heading stage
(mg pot-1)		 成熟期含量
Contents at maturity stage
(mg pot-1)		 同品种成熟和齐穗期含量差异
The content difference of the same accessions at maturity and full heading stages (mg pot-1)
RCR STLR RCR STLR RCR STLR
JFZ 13C-土壤 13C-soil 4.87 Ecd* 0.40 d 3.02 Cbc 2.75 Cc -1.84 Db 2.35 Db*
13C-根系 13C-roots 1.54 Ed 2.66 Ed* 0.44 Cc 4.33 Cc* -1.10 Db 1.67 Db*
13C-稻桩 13C-stubbles 4.11 Ecd — 1.30 Cc — -2.82 Db —
13C-茎鞘 13C-stem-sheath 38.57 EAb* 34.42 Ab 9.31 Bb 20.95 Ab* -29.25 Ac -13.46 Ad*
13C-叶 13C-leaves 6.30 Ec 7.73 Ec* 3.33 Cc 5.36 Cc* -2.97 Db -2.36 Dc
13C-穗 13C-panicles 70.25 Ba* 48.35 Ba 102.26 Aa* 60.97 Ba 32.01 Aa* 12.62 Aa
YY2640 13C-土壤 13C-soil 3.35 Ec* 0.41 Ed 2.36 Cc* 1.30 Cc -0.99 Db 0.89 Db*
13C-根系 13C-roots 0.97 Ec 1.41 Ed 0.30 Cc 2.74 Cc* -0.68 Db 1.34 Db*
13C-稻桩 13C-stubbles 2.04 Ec — 0.91 Cc — -1.13 Db —
13C-茎鞘 13C-stem-sheath 19.12 Db 20.53 Db* 9.13 Bb 16.39 Bb* -9.99 Cc -4.13 Cc*
13C-叶 13C-leaves 3.00 Ec 9.95 Ec* 1.88 Cc 4.05 Cc* -1.12 Db* -5.89 Cd
13C-穗 13C-panicles 89.07 Ca* 62.77 Ca 104.93 Aa* 70.22 Ba 15.87 Ba* 7.46 Ba

Table 8

Distribution rate of 13C assimilates in different rice organs and soil under different rice cropping patterns"

品种
Cultivar		 分配部位
Allocated part		 齐穗后10 d 分配率
Distribution rate at 10 days after full heading (%)		 成熟期分配率
Distribution rate at
maturity stage (%)		 同品种成熟和齐穗期分配差异
The distribution difference of the same accessions at maturity and full heading stages (%)
RCR STLR RCR STLR RCR STLR
JFZ 13C-土壤 13C-soil 3.88 Dc* 0.43 De 2.53 Bc 2.92 Ce* -1.35 Cbc 2.49 Bb*
13C-根系 13C-roots 1.22 Dd 2.85 Dd* 0.37 Be 4.59 Cd* -0.86 Cb 1.74 Bb*
13C-稻桩 13C-stubbles 3.27 Dc — 1.08 Bd — -2.19 Cc —
13C-茎鞘 13C-stem-sheath 30.81 Cb 36.81 Cb* 7.83 Bb 22.24 Bb* -22.98 Ad -14.56 Ad*
13C-叶 13C-leaves 5.01 Dc 8.26 Dc* 2.78 Bc 5.68 Cc* -2.23 Cc -2.58 Bc
13C-穗 13C-panicles 55.88 Aa* 51.70 Aa 85.45 Aa* 64.62 Aa 29.57 Aa* 12.93 Aa
YY2640 13C-土壤 13C-soil 2.85 Dc* 0.43 Dd 1.98 Bc* 1.37 Ce -0.87 Cbc 0.94 Bb*
13C-根系 13C-roots 0.83 Df 1.48 Dd* 0.25 Bf 2.90 Cd* -0.58 Cb 1.41 Bb*
13C-稻桩 13C-stubbles 1.74 De — 0.77 Be — -0.97 Cc —
13C-茎鞘 13C-stem-sheath 16.27 Cb 21.75 Cb* 7.65 Bb 17.36 Bb* -8.62 Bd -4.39 Bc*
13C-叶 13C-leaves 2.55 Dd 10.48 Dc* 1.57 Bd 4.28 Cc* -0.98 Cc* -6.20 Bd
13C-穗 13C-panicles 75.77 Ba* 65.97 Ba 87.79 Aa* 74.13 Aa 12.02 Ba* 8.16 Aa
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pmid: 12189212
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