玉米生产上3个主推品种光合特性、干物质积累转运及灌浆特性

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.00414

Abstract

Abstract:

The objective of this study was to explore yield-forming characteristics of high yield maize varieties. Using three widely cultivated maize varieties Zhengdan 958 (ZD958), Xianyu 335 (XY335) and Jingke 968 (JK968), we tested grain yield, photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation and translocation, and grain filling characteristics. The yield of JK968 was the highest, and was 14.55% and 7.93% higher than that of ZD958 and XY335, respectively. The photosynthetic rate and canopy photosynthetic capacity showed JK968 > XY335 > ZD958 and silking stage > milk stage. The ear photosynthetic rate of JK968 at silking stage and milk stage was 7.84% and 16.78% higher than that of XY335, as well as 22.23% and 24.44% higher than that of ZD958, respectively. The photosynthetic capacity of JK968 at silking stage and milk stage was 38.77% and 58.41% higher than that of XY335, as well as 50.83% and 56.49% higher than that of ZD958, respectively. Dry matter accumulation after silking stage, the transfer amount of dry matter, translocation efficiency of dry matter and contribution to grain dry matter for JK968 were the highest, with 13.72%, 21.20%, 6.32%, and 4.77% higher than those of XY335, as well as 31.87%, 39.96%, 18.49%, and 10.42% higher than those of ZD958, respectively. There was a big difference in grain filling parameters among those different varieties, the average filling rate of JK968 (0.73 g 100-grain^-1 d^-1) and XY335 (0.75 g 100-grain^-1 d^-1) was higher than that of ZD958 (0.67 g 100-grain^-1 d^-1) and the active grain filling period of ZD958 (53.69 d) was longer than that of the JK968 (51.02 d) and XY335 (48.95 d). Maize yield was significantly correlated with net photosynthetic rate at P < 0.05, and with the dry matter accumulation after silking stage and the translocation rate at P < 0.01. Thus, JK968 had higher photosynthetic efficiency, dry matter accumulation after silking stage, translocation rate, grain filling rate and longer grain filling period, which is the main reason that JK968 had the higher yield than ZD958 and XY335.

Key words: maize, photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation and translocation, grain filling

Tian-Jun XU, Tian-Fang LYU, Jiu-Ran ZHAO, Rong-Huan WANG, Chuan-Yong CHEN, Yue-E LIU, Xiu-Zhi LIU, Yuan-Dong WANG, Chun-Ge LIU. Photosynthetic Characteristics, Dry Matter Accumulation and Translocation, Grain Filling Parameter of Three Main Maize Varieties in Production[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2018, 44(03): 414-422.

Figures/Tables 8

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Table 2

Fig. 1

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Table 3

Fig. 3

Table 4

Table 5

References 40

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年际 Year	品种 Variety	出苗期-吐丝期 Emergence period-Silking period	吐丝期-成熟期 Silking period-Maturity period	生育期 Growth stage
2015	郑单958 Zhengdan 958	66	60	126
	先玉335 Xianyu 335	64	59	123
	京科968 Jingke 968	66	60	126
2016	郑单958 Zhengdan 958	68	59	127
	先玉335 Xianyu 335	67	57	124
	京科968 Jingke 968	68	59	127

年际 Year	品种 Variety	实收穗数 Panicle number (spike hm^-2)	穗粒数 Grains per spike	百粒重 100-grain weight (g)	产量 Yield (kg hm^-2)
2015	郑单958 Zhengdan 958	63810 b	600.90 c	34.62 c	12812.55 c
	先玉335 Xianyu 335	63180 c	650.81 b	35.37 ab	13852.50 b
	京科968 Jingke 968	65055 a	698.60 a	35.42 a	14612.55 a
2016	郑单958 Zhengdan 958	63675 b	589.80 c	33.54 c	12088.65 c
	先玉335 Xianyu 335	62970 c	612.92 b	34.78 ab	13433.25 b
	京科968 Jingke 968	65235 a	665.43 a	34.89 a	14155.05 a
变异来源 Sources of variation	品种Variety (V)	**	*	**	**
	年份Year (Y)	NS	**	**	**
	互作V×Y	**	NS	*	**

干物质积累、分配及转运 Dry matter accumulation and transportation	郑单958 Zhengdan 958	先玉335 Xianyu 335	京科968 Jingke 968
花后干物质积累量 Dry matter accumulation after silking (kg hm^-2)	8285.50 c	9608.00 b	10926.30 a
干物质转运量 Transfer amount of dry matter (kg hm^-2)	2629.70 c	3036.70 b	3680.50 a
干物质转运率 Transfer rate of dry matter (%)	27.37 c	30.50 b	32.43 a
干物质转运对籽粒的贡献率 Contribution to grain of dry matter transportation (%)	26.87 b	28.32 a	29.67 a
收获指数 Harvest index	0.55 a	0.55 a	0.56 a

参数 Parameter	郑单958 Zhengdan 958	先玉335 Xianyu 335	京科968 Jingke 968
R²	0.9987	0.9932	0.9964
A	35.95	36.82	37.42
B	0.82	0.66	13.24
C	0.08	0.09	0.10
D	0.11	0.09	0.67
T_max (d)	25.97	23.48	28.54
W_max(g 100-grain^-1)	13.90	14.13	17.40
G_max(g 100-grain^-1 d^-1)	0.99	1.11	1.09
G_ave(g 100-grain^-1 d^-1)	0.67	0.75	0.73
P (d)	53.69	48.95	51.02

相关系数 Correlation coefficient	X₁	X₂	X₃	X₄	X₅	X₆
X₁	1.00
X₂	-0.98^*	1.00
X₃	0.71	-0.55	1.00
X₄	0.72	-0.56	0.98^**	1.00
X₅	0.81	-0.67	0.99^*	0.99^**	1.00
X₆	0.81	-0.67	0.97^*	0.99^**	0.96^**	1.00

Photosynthetic Characteristics, Dry Matter Accumulation and Translocation, Grain Filling Parameter of Three Main Maize Varieties in Production

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