施氮量对滴灌春小麦叶片光合生理性状的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.11100

Abstract

Abstract:

The objective of this study is to clarify the regulatory effects of different N fertilizer applications on photosynthetic characteristics and assimilate accumulation in drip irrigated spring wheat leaves under the climatic conditions of northern Xinjiang. A split-zone experimental design was used to investigate the effects of N application on the photosynthetic enzyme activities, gas exchange parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, dry matter accumulation partitioning, and yield of wheat leaves at CK1 (300 kg hm^-2), A1 (255 kg hm^-2), B1 (210 kg hm^-2), and CK2 (0 kg hm^-2) levels, in order to investigate the effects of N application on the activities of key photosynthetic enzymes, gas exchange parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, dry matter accumulation distribution, yield, and NUE of wheat leaves. The results showed that the photosynthetic key enzyme activity, gas exchange parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, aboveground dry matter accumulation (SDM), reproductive organ dry matter accumulation (SPDM), and yield all had an increasing trend followed by a decreasing trend with increasing N application. There were high RuBPC activity, PEPC enzyme activity, net photosynthetic rate (P_n), stomatal conductance (G_s), transpiration rate (T_r), maximum photochemical efficiency (F_v/F_m), actual photochemical efficiency (Φ_PSII), SDM, SPDM, yield and NUE in A1 treatment, which were 6.10%-30.45% higher than the rest of the treatments and 10.51%-64.95%, 7.05%-64.95%, 7.49%-26.66%, 11.61%-63.44%, 5.72%-49.85%, 1.68%-28.55%, 5.00%-46.01%, 18.95%-96.45%, 22.95%-177.44%, 4.15%-46.88%, 6.30%-25.42%, and intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i) was reduced by 11.73%-20.95% compared to the rest of the treatments. Correlation analysis revealed that the yield, dry matter accumulation, NUE and P_n, G_s, T_r, Ф_PSII were highly significantly positively correlated and highly significantly negatively correlated with C_i. The reciprocal effects of N application and variety intercropping reached significant levels for RuBPC enzyme activity at anthesis stage, PEPC enzyme activity from anthesis to milking, F_v/F_m and Φ_PSII at nodulation and anthesis. Therefore, the moderate N reduction (255 kg hm^-2) under the drip irrigation pattern in Xinjiang improved the photosynthetic performance of wheat and facilitated the distribution and transport of photosynthetic products to reproductive organs on the basis of increased dry matter accumulation, which was beneficial to yield formation.

Key words: drip irrigated spring wheat, N application, photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation, yield

WANG Hai-Qi, WANG Rong-Rong, JIANG Gui-Ying, YIN Hao-Jie, YAN Shi-Jie, CHE Zi-Qiang. Effect of amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied on photosynthetic physiological characteristics of drip irrigated spring wheat leaves[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2023, 49(1): 211-224.

Figures/Tables 13

Fig. 1

Table 1

Table 2

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Table 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

Table 4

Effect of reduced nitrogen fertilizer treatment on shoot dry matter, spike dry matter of spring wheat under drip irrigation"

年份 Years (Y)	品种 Variety (V)	施氮量 Nitrogen (N)	地上部干物质重Shoot dry matter (kg hm^‒2)					穗重Spike dry matter (kg hm^‒2)			产量 Yield (kg hm^‒2)	氮肥利用率NUE
年份 Years (Y)	品种 Variety (V)	施氮量 Nitrogen (N)	TS	JS	BS	FS	MS	BS	FS	MS	产量 Yield (kg hm^‒2)	氮肥利用率NUE
2020	新春37号 XC37	CK1	1305.03 b	2258.20 b	10087.33 b	11432.67 b	19744.50 b	2257.07 b	3419.20 b	10633.00 b	6952.75 b	40.20 a
		A1	1585.03 a	2753.33 a	11332.87 a	13154.90 a	23486.53 a	2744.07 a	4179.50 a	12561.37 a	7247.82 a	42.23 a
		B1	1254.20 b	2211.43 b	8107.63 c	8894.83 c	16470.63 c	1785.40 c	2746.73 c	7978.67 c	6818.60 c	33.67 bc
		CK2	1079.77 c	1534.53 c	6701.53 d	8364.33c d	12292.53 d	1336.97 d	2246.93 d	5144.50 d	4986.42 d	/
	新春6号 XC6	CK1	1298.07 b	2187.80 b	9820.10 b	10911.10 b	17793.80 c	2218.10 b	3408.13 b	9858.90 b	6921.06 b	37.10 b
		A1	1556.03 a	2683.33 a	11084.47 a	12805.40 a	22331.77 a	2738.57 a	4155.57 a	11852.27 a	7141.44 a	39.55 ab
		B1	1151.23 bc	2186.87 b	7938.37 c	8698.67 c	15844.93 c	1694.80 c	2712.50 c	7820.90 c	6736.09 c	32.51 c
		CK2	1014.57 c	1483.60 c	6623.83 d	7539.57 d	11698.87 d	1288.77 d	2222.8 d	4987.57 d	4881.70 d	/
	F值 F-value	V	ns	ns	*	*	*	ns	ns	ns	ns	**
		N	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**
		N×V	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
2021	新春37号 XC37	CK1	1301.20 bc	2275.45 b	9766.47 b	11627.48 b	19095.80 b	2189.42 bc	3398.32 b	9065.75 b	6930.33 b	35.77 ab
		A1	1536.20 a	2743.70 a	10910.15 a	13295.55 a	23703.10 a	2698.60 a	4058.40 a	11670.08 a	7220.33 a	36.86 a
		B1	1177.45 cd	2206.00 bc	8104.10 c	8987.90 c	16632.68 c	1534.15 d	2583.35 c	7356.52 c	6782.00 bc	34.25 bc
		CK2	1095.05 cd	1511.00 d	6373.93 d	7947.10 d	12220.15 d	1129.08 d	2105.73 d	4602.15 d	5013.00 d	/
	新春6号 XC6	CK1	1228.40 cd	2118.95 bc	9433.05 b	11150.27 b	18742.00 b	2015.90 c	3240.37 b	8893.95 b	6848.67 bc	34.55 b
		A1	1464.85 ab	2587.05 a	10702.25 a	12760.30 a	22582.28 a	2617.85 ab	3917.85 a	11187.35 a	7180.33 a	34.77 ab
		B1	1189.30 cd	1969.95 c	7734.10 c	8728.20 c	15638.52 c	1398.70 d	2513.05 c	7079.43 c	6687.33 c	32.71 c
		CK2	1048.70 d	1368.80 d	6095.50 d	6220.13 e	11494.90 d	1054.25 d	1768.88 d	4032.30 d	4917.33 d	/
	F值 F-value	V	ns	*	**	**	*	ns	*	*	*	**
		N	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	*
		N×V	ns	ns	ns	**	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns

Table 4

Fig. 8

Table 5

Correlation coefficients between the measured parameters and shoot and spike dry mass in different periods"

生育时期 Growth stage	参数 Parameter	Yield	NUE	SDM	SPDM	P_n	G_s	T_r	C_i	F_v/F_m	Φ_PSII	RuBPC	PEPC
孕穗期 Booting stage	Yield	1
	NUE	0.99^**	1
	SDM	0.87^**	0.85^**	1
	SPDM	0.83^**	0.79^**	0.99^**	1
	P_n	0.69^**	0.70^**	0.82^**	0.84^**	1
	G_s	0.85^**	0.83^**	0.85^**	0.81^**	0.74^**	1
	T_r	0.77^**	0.74^**	0.80^**	0.74^**	0.61^*	0.91^**	1
	C_i	-0.72^**	-0.69^**	-0.91^**	-0.91^**	-0.78^**	-0.83^**	-0.78^**	1
	F_v/F_m	0.85^**	0.83^**	0.93^**	0.90^**	0.80^**	0.97^**	0.90^**	-0.92^**	1
	Φ_PSII	0.89^**	0.86^**	0.92^**	0.86^**	0.67^**	0.93^**	0.94^**	-0.86^**	0.95^**	1
扬花期 Flowering stage	Yield	1
	NUE	0.99^**	1
	SDM	0.81^**	0.77^**	1
	SPDM	0.85^**	0.82^**	0.99^**	1
	P_n	0.77^**	0.76^**	0.87^**	0.92^**	1
	G_s	0.72^**	0.69^**	0.71^**	0.73^**	0.68^**	1
	T_r	0.87^**	0.85^**	0.82^**	0.86^**	0.85^**	0.93^**	1
	C_i	-0.78^**	-0.77^**	-0.91^**	-0.95^**	-0.87^**	-0.63^**	-0.75^**	1
	F_v/F_m	0.63^**	0.60^*	0.62^**	0.63^**	0.56^*	0.97^**	0.88^**	-0.51^*	1
	Φ_PSII	0.78^**	0.75^**	0.90^**	0.89^**	0.82^**	0.46	0.68^**	-0.81^**	0.37	1
	RuBPC	0.82^**	0.79^**	0.94^**	0.94^**	0.89^**	0.74^**	0.87^**	-0.85^**	0.69^**	0.87^**	1
	PEPC	0.73^**	0.70^**	0.89^**	0.90^**	0.89^**	0.67_**	0.81^**	-0.80^**	0.62^**	0.84^**	0.97^**	1
乳熟期 Milking stage	Yield	1
	NUE	0.99^**	1
	SDM	0.88^**	0.85^**	1
	SPDM	0.88^**	0.87^**	0.98^**	1
	P_n	0.87^**	0.84^**	0.97^**	0.96^**	1
	G_s	0.79^**	0.72^**	0.95^**	0.89^**	0.91^**	1
	T_r	0.84^**	0.79^**	0.91^**	0.84^**	0.84^**	0.92^**	1
	C_i	-0.79^**	-0.77^**	-0.91^**	-0.94^**	-0.87^**	-0.82^**	-0.75^**	1
	F_v/F_m	0.48	0.43	0.55^*	0.41	0.43	0.64^**	0.82^**	-0.31	1
	Φ_PSII	0.85^**	0.79^**	0.96^**	0.90^**	0.92^**	0.97^**	0.96^**	-0.80^**	0.69^**	1
	RuBPC	0.91^**	0.88^**	0.97^**	0.96^**	0.96^**	0.89^**	0.88^**	-0.90^**	0.51^*	0.92^**	1
	PEPC	0.81^**	0.78^**	0.95^**	0.93^**	0.95^**	0.90^**	0.84^**	-0.84^**	0.51^*	0.89^**	0.92^**	1

Table 5

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年份 Year	全氮含量 Total N (g kg^-1)	碱解氮含量 Available N (mg kg^-1)	速效磷含量 Available P (mg kg^-1)	速效钾含量 Available K (mg kg^-1)	有机质含量 Organic (g kg^-1)	pH
2020	1.30	61.30	15.24	147.01	18.43	7.7
2021	1.37	58.71	16.96	139.02	17.84	7.6

处理 Treatment (kg hm^-2)	基肥 Base fertilizer (20%)	追肥 Top dressing (80%)	二叶一心期Two-leaf one-hearted stage (10%)	分蘖期Tillering stage (10%)	拔节期 Jointing stage (40%)	孕穗期Booting stage (20%)	扬花期Flowering stage (15%)	乳熟期 Milky maturity stage (5%)
CK1 (300)	60	240	24	24	96	48	36	12
A1 (255)	51	204	20.4	20.4	81.6	40.8	30.6	10.2
B1 (210)	42	168	16.8	16.8	67.2	33.6	25.2	8.4
CK2 (0)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

Effect of amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied on photosynthetic physiological characteristics of drip irrigated spring wheat leaves

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性状 Trait	RuBPC						PEPC					F_v/F_m														Φ_PSII
性状 Trait	FS	MS	DS				FS	MS	DS			TS		JS		BS		FS		MS		DS				TS	JS	BS	FS	MS	DS
Y	ns	ns	ns				*	ns	ns			**		**		**		**		**		ns				**	**	**	**	**	ns
V	**	ns	ns				**	**	ns			**		**		**		**		**		ns				**	**	ns	**	*	ns
N	**	**	**				**	**	**			**		**		**		**		**		**				**	**	**	**	**	**
Y*V	ns	ns	ns				ns	ns	ns			ns		ns		ns		**		**		ns				**	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
V*N	**	ns	ns				**	**	ns			ns		**		ns		**		**		ns				*	**	ns	**	ns	ns
Y*N	ns	ns	ns				ns	ns	ns			**		**		**		**		**		ns				**	**	**	**	ns	ns
YVN	ns	ns	ns				ns	ns	ns			ns		**		ns		**		**		ns				ns	**	ns	ns	ns	ns
性状 Trait	P_n							G_s									C_i									T_r
性状 Trait	TS	JS	BS	FS	MS	DS		TS	JS	BS	FS		MS		DS		TS		JS		BS		FS	MS	DS	TS	JS	BS	FS	MS	DS
Y	**	**	**	*	ns	**		**	*	**	**		**		**		**		**		ns		**	**	ns	**	*	**	**	**	ns
V	ns	**	**	ns	**	**		*	**	**	**		**		ns		*		**		**		*	ns	ns	**	**	**	**	**	ns
N	**	**	**	**	**	**		**	**	**	**		**		**		**		**		**		**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**
Y*V	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns		ns	ns	ns	ns		ns		ns		ns		ns		ns		ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	**	ns	ns	ns
V*N	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns		ns	ns	ns	ns		ns		ns		ns		ns		ns		ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	**	**	ns	ns
Y*N	ns	ns	**	ns	ns	ns		ns	**	**	**		**		ns		**		**		**		ns	ns	ns	ns	**	**	**	**	ns
YVN	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns		ns	ns	ns	ns		ns		ns		ns		ns		ns		ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	**	**	ns	ns

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