氮素穗肥对粳米淀粉特性和结构的影响及其与食用特征的关系

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.12083

Abstract

Abstract:

To clarify the variations of physicochemical properties and the fine structure of japonica rice starch under different nitrogen panicle fertilizer treatment and to explore the relationship between eating quality and starch properties and structure, three panicle fertilizer nitrogen application levels (0, 45, and 135 kg N hm^-2) were set under same basal and tiller fertilizer with Nanjing 9108 and Nanjing 0212 as the materials. Starch properties and structure of japonica rice under different treatments were determined, and the relationship between starch characteristics and eating quality was examined. The result indicated that application of nitrogen panicle fertilizer reduced the eating value of japonica rice, and there was significant difference in the high nitrogen treatment. Hardness, resilience, the absolute value of stickiness and balance, and the total protein content increased as nitrogen application rate were increased, while the apparent amylose content had the opposite trend. In terms of starch properties and structure, application of nitrogen panicle fertilizer increased starch solubility and swelling power, gelatinization enthalpy, small starch granules, relative crystallinity, and infrared ratio of 1045/1022 cm^-1, while decreased retrogradation enthalpy and percentage, large starch granules, starch average diameter and infrared ratio of 1022/995 cm^-1, and the trend appeared obvious especially under high nitrogen treatment. In conclusion, applying nitrogen panicle fertilizer can reduce the apparent amylose content, improve the surface order of starch and the stability of crystal region, decrease the starch granules size, thereby hindering the starch swelling and gelatinization, leading to the increase of rice hardness, eventually deteriorating the eating quality. Appropriate application of nitrogen panicle fertilizer can realize the coordination of excellent quality and high yield of japonica rice.

Key words: nitrogen panicle fertilizer, japonica rice, eating quality, physicochemical properties of starch, fine structure of starches

JIANG Yan, ZHAO Can, CHEN Yue, LIU Guang-Ming, ZHAO Ling-Tian, LIAO Ping-Qiang, WANG Wei-Ling, XU Ke, LI Guo-Hui, WU Wen-Ge, HUO Zhong-Yang. Effects of nitrogen panicle fertilizer application on physicochemical properties and fine structure of japonica rice starch and its relationship with eating quality[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2023, 49(1): 200-210.

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References 44

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品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	有效穗数 Panicles (×10⁴ hm^-2)	每穗粒数 Grains per panicle	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	结实率 Seed-setting rate (%)	实际产量 Harvest yield (t hm^-2)
南粳9018 NJ 9108	CK	293.43±3.83 b	113.32±3.02 b	27.37±0.06 a	95.01±0.59 a	8.55±0.28 b
	LN	296.22±2.64 ab	130.82±1.45 a	26.83±0.04 b	94.31±0.67 a	9.49±0.11 a
	HN	300.61±2.13 a	133.39±1.23 a	26.76±0.10 b	92.93±0.57 b	9.83±0.03 a
南粳0212 NJ 0212	CK	297.34±1.78 b	109.24±2.78 c	27.92±0.07 a	94.17±0.61 a	8.59±0.09 b
	LN	302.86±2.17 a	126.11±1.95 b	27.55±0.07 b	93.45±0.49 ab	9.34±0.12 a
	HN	304.50±1.96 a	130.86±2.09 a	26.85±0.08 c	92.72±0.51 b	9.88±0.21 a

品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	食味值 Taste value	硬度 Hardness (g)	弹性 Resilience (%)	黏性 Stickiness (g)	平衡性 Balance
南粳9018 NJ 9108	CK	73.97±0.59 a	106.58±11.54 b	0.469±0.003 c	-1116.70±17.45 a	-0.221±0.008 a
	LN	72.93±0.68 a	122.85±10.23 b	0.486±0.002 b	-1200.44±6.67 b	-0.241±0.011 a
	HN	70.67±0.39 b	163.32±6.61 a	0.502±0.004 a	-1301.77±33.19 c	-0.267±0.003 b
南粳0212 NJ 0212	CK	59.67±0.50 a	110.94±9.90 b	0.464±0.018 b	-990.39±62.08 a	-0.138±0.018 a
	LN	58.33±0.78 a	130.51±6.33 b	0.489±0.010 b	-1078.24±26.53 a	-0.164±0.003 b
	HN	55.00±0.42 b	161.99±10.84 a	0.535±0.013 a	-1231.28±15.41 b	-0.186±0.008 b

品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	表观直链淀粉含量 Apparent amylose content (%)	总蛋白含量 Total protein content (%)	膨胀势 Swelling power (g g^-1)	溶解度 Solubility (%)
南粳9018 NJ 9108	CK	10.10±0.11 a	7.53±0.06 c	20.63±0.12 c	19.78±0.27 b
	LN	9.37±0.05 b	7.76±0.06 b	22.27±0.08 b	22.34±0.33 a
	HN	9.07±0.04 c	8.13±0.05 a	23.58±0.34 a	23.10±0.46 a
南粳0212 NJ 0212	CK	17.64±0.13 a	7.18±0.02 c	17.40±0.51 c	17.58±0.15 b
	LN	16.91±0.08 b	7.46±0.01 b	18.84±0.22 b	18.31±0.48 ab
	HN	16.71±0.03 b	7.93±0.02 a	20.72±0.17 a	19.22±0.37 a

品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	糊化焓 ΔH_gel(J g^-1)	起始温度 T₀ (℃)	峰值温度 T_P (℃)	终止温度 T_C (℃)	回生焓 ΔH_ret (J g^-1)	回生度 R (%)
南粳9018 NJ 9108	CK	10.01±0.10 b	60.25±0.35 a	67.90±0.40 a	75.85±0.95 a	2.39±0.08 a	23.86±0.55 a
	LN	10.70±0.13 a	59.25±0.15 a	67.70±0.30 a	75.00±0.80 a	1.92±0.03 b	17.93±0.50 b
	HN	11.03±0.03 a	60.25±0.25 a	67.95±0.05 a	75.70±0.30 a	1.52±0.09 b	13.82±0.88 c
南粳0212 NJ 0212	CK	10.40±0.17 c	59.80±0.00 ab	67.65±0.05 a	74.40±0.00 b	2.41±0.07 a	23.14±0.28 a
	LN	11.04±0.05 b	58.60±0.20 b	66.80±0.00 b	75.50±0.20 a	2.06±0.03 b	18.66±0.15 b
	HN	12.02±0.10 a	60.15±0.25 a	67.65±0.05 a	75.15±0.05 a	1.77±0.03 b	14.76±0.34 c

品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	小淀粉颗粒占比 Small starch granules ≤ 2 μm (%)	中淀粉颗粒占比 Middle starch granules 2-5 μm (%)	大淀粉颗粒占比Large starch granules ≥ 5 μm (%)	体积平均直径 D[4,3] (μm)	表面积平均直径 D[3,2] (μm)
南粳9018 NJ 9108	CK	20.15±0.14 c	16.25±0.03 b	63.61±0.16 a	5.26±0.02 a	2.83±0.01 a
	LN	20.59±0.12 b	18.08±0.03 a	61.33±0.09 c	5.14±0.01 b	2.78±0.01 b
	HN	21.60±0.08 a	15.89±0.04 c	62.51±0.05 b	5.16±0.00 b	2.68±0.01 c
南粳0212 NJ 0212	CK	20.86±0.26 c	19.84±0.81 b	59.31±1.06 a	4.98±0.01 a	2.63±0.00 a
	LN	21.48±0.12 b	21.15±0.09 a	57.37±0.04 b	4.93±0.00 b	2.61±0.01 a
	HN	22.16±0.16 a	21.31±0.69 a	56.53±0.84 b	4.84±0.00 c	2.53±0.01 b

Effects of nitrogen panicle fertilizer application on physicochemical properties and fine structure of japonica rice starch and its relationship with eating quality

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品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	相对结晶度 Relative crystallinity (%)	红外比例 Infrared ratio
品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	相对结晶度 Relative crystallinity (%)	1045/1022 cm^-1	1022/995 cm^-1
南粳9018 NJ 9108	CK	21.19±0.12 c	0.550±0.001 b	1.042±0.002 a
	LN	22.24±0.15 b	0.567±0.001 b	1.031±0.001 ab
	HN	23.33±0.11 a	0.586±0.006 a	1.024±0.002 b
南粳0212 NJ 0212	CK	20.88±0.06 c	0.569±0.001 b	1.042±0.002 a
	LN	21.48±0.04 b	0.574±0.002 b	1.037±0.003 ab
	HN	21.81±0.08 a	0.592±0.001 a	1.027±0.001 b

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[4]	WANG Xu-Hong,LI Ming-Xiao,ZHANG Qun,JIN Feng,MA Xiu-Fang,JIANG Shu-Kun,XU Zheng-Jin,CHEN Wen-Fu. Effect of indica pedigree on yield and milling and appearance qualities in the offspring of indica/japonica cross [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2019, 45(4): 538-545.
[5]	YANG Yong,LU Yan,GUO Shu-Qing,SHI Zhong-Hui,ZHAO Jie,FAN Xiao-Lei,LI Qian-Feng,LIU Qiao-Quan,ZHANG Chang-Quan. Improvement of rice eating quality and physicochemical properties by introgression of Wx ⁱⁿ allele in indica varieties [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2019, 45(11): 1628-1637.
[6]	MAO Ting,LI Xu,LI Zhen-Yu,XU Zheng-Jin. Development of PCR Functional Markers for Multiple Alleles of Wx and Their Application in Rice [J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2017, 43(11): 1715-1723.
[7]	ZHANG Qiu-Ying,LI Yan-Sheng,LIU Chang-Kai,TIAN Bo-Wen,TU Bing-Jie,MAO Jian-Wei. Key Components of Eating Quality and their Dynamic Accumulation in Vegetable Soybean Varieties [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] [J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2015, 41(11): 1692-1700.
[8]	LIU Li-Hua,HU Yuan-Fu,CHEN Qiao,LI Hong-Yu,QIAN Yong-De,Lü Yan-Dong,ZHENG Gui-Ping,ZUO Yu-Hu. Interaction of Genotypes with Environments for Three Quality Traits of Rice in Cold Region by AMMI Model [J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2013, 39(10): 1849-1855.
[9]	XU Quan,TANG Liang,XU Fan,FUKUSHIMA Akira,HUANG Rui-Dong,CHEN Wen-Fu,XU Zheng-Jin. Research Advances and Prospects of Eating Quality Improvement in Japonica Rice (Oryza sativa L.) [J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2013, 39(06): 961-968.
[10]	LE Su-Ju, XIAO De-Xin, LIU Feng-Fei, CENG Mu-Heng, WANG Wei-Quan, WANG Xiao-Meng. Relationship between Pericarp Structure and Kernel Tenderness in Super Sweet Corn [J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2011, 37(11): 2111-2116.
[11]	LIU Qiao-Quan;CAI Xiu-Ling;LI Qian-Feng;TANG Shu-Zhu;GONG Zhi-Yun;YU Heng-Xiu;YAN Chang-Jie;WANG Zong-Yang and GU Ming-Hong. Molecular Marker-assisted Selection for Improving Cooking and Eating Quality in Teqing and Its Hybrid Rice [J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2006, 32(01): 64-69.
[12]	Wu Dianxing;Shu Qingrao;Xia Yingwu. Assisted-selection for Early Indica Rice with Good Eating Quality by RVA Profile [J]. Acta Agron Sin, 2001, 27(02): 165-172.