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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (1): 188-199.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.23004

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• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION · PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Relationship between root architecture and root pulling force of summer maize

ZHANG Jing1(), WANG Hong-Zhang1, REN Hao1, YIN Fu-Wei2, WU Hong-Yan2, ZHAO Bin1, ZHANG Ji-Wang1, REN Bai-Zhao1, DAI Ai-Bin3, LIU Peng1,*()   

  1. 1State Key Laboratory of Crop Science / College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China
    2Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Tai’an 271000, Shandong, China
    3Dongying District Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dongying 257091, Shandong, China
  • Received:2022-01-08 Accepted:2022-03-25 Online:2023-01-12 Published:2022-04-20
  • Contact: LIU Peng E-mail:zhangjing971209@163.com;liup@sdau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    Shandong Province Key Research and Development Project(LJNY202103);Shandong Agriculture Research System(Maize, SDAIT-02-08)

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Abstract:

To screen out the summer maize varieties with high root-lodging resistance and provide theoretical basis for the breeding of root-toppling resistance maize varieties to achieve resistant to lodging and high and stable yields in summer maize, the relationship between root architecture and root-lodging resistance was studied. In this experiment, to analyze the relationship between root morphology and root lodging resistance, 104 summer maize varieties widely planted in Yellow-Huaihe-Haihe Rivers region were used as materials, and the root pulling force and root related characters of different maize varieties were measured at flowering stage, and were evaluated by principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The results showed that the root pulling force of 104 varieties conformed to normal distribution with a range of 862-1092 N. There was a significant positive correlation between root pulling force and root angle, root numbers, total root number, root length, root dry weight, and yields. Based on the comprehensive root traits of different maize varieties, the experimental varieties were group into six groups according to the root lodging resistance from strong to weak. Among them, the varieties with strong root resistance were as follows: Lianyan 155, Dika 517, Qiminyu 6, Jinhai 13, Laiyu 721, Fengle 365, Liangxing 579, Denghai 605, Denghai 518, and Dedan 179. This group of maize varieties had the characteristics of higher root dry weight, root number, total root number, root angle, root length, and grain yield.

Key words: maize, resistance to root lodging, root morphology, root pulling force

Table 1

Hybrid varieties used in this study"

序号
Number		 品种名称
Hybrid name		 序号
Number		 品种名称
Hybrid name
1 博信212 Boxin 212 53 迪卡517 Dika 517
2 道吉158 Daoji 158 54 农华5号 Nonghua 5
3 鑫研156 Xinyan 156 55 桓丰601 Huanfeng 601
4 中天303 Zhongtian 303 56 道吉1+1 Daoji 1+1
5 九圣禾2468 Jiushenghe 2468 57 好日子738 Haorizi 738
6 鲍玉3号 Baoyu 3 58 宁研519 Ningyan 519
7 鲁单9169 Ludan 9169 59 连胜253 Liansheng 253
8 京农科736 Jinnongke 736 60 中农大688 Zhongnongda 688
9 登海1717 Denghai 1717 61 天泰619 Tiantai 619
10 强盛339 Qiangsheng 339 62 鲁单9088 Ludan 9088
11 裕丰620 Yufeng 620 63 鑫瑞57 Xinrui 57
12 郑单958 Zhengdan 958 64 天泰366 Tiantai 366
13 登海371 Denghai 371 65 大京九4703 Dajingjiu 4703
14 中天308 Zhongtian 308 66 中天301 Zhongtian 301
15 邦玉519 Bangyu 519 67 登海6188 Denghai 6188
16 鑫瑞76 Xinrui 76 68 鑫瑞37 Xinrui 37
17 莱农14 Lainong 14 69 登海606 Denghai 606
18 德单179 Dedan 179 70 京科999 Jingke 999
19 丰乐37 Fengle 37 71 NK815
20 登海518 Denghai 518 72 C1210
21 金海2010 Jinhai 2010 73 C9256
22 胶玉1号 Jiaoyu 1 74 登海682 Denghai 682
23 九玉Y02 Jiuyu Y02 75 宇玉268 Yuyu 268
24 齐单805 Qidan 805 76 来玉1819 Laiyu 1819
25 NK818 77 齐民玉6号 Qimingyu 6
26 安玉706 Anyu 706 78 德发718 Defa718
27 金海13 Jinhai 13 79 登海511Denghai 511
28 济玉519 Jiyu 519 80 鑫玉518 Xinyu 518
29 鑫星321 Xinxing 321 81 登海533 Denghai 533
30 MC121 82 登海653 Denghai 653
31 郑原玉432 Zhengyuanyu 432 83 丰乐235 Fengle 235
32 MC278 84 豫禾269 Yuhe 269
33 源丰008 Yuanfeng 008 85 登海605 Denghai 605
34 来玉317 Laiyu 317 86 鲁单1号 Ludan 1
35 强盛198 Qiangsheng 198 87 宁研503 Ningyan 503
36 鑫瑞25 Xinrui 25 88 德发705 Defa 705
37 京农玉658 Jinnongyu 658 89 金来705 Jinlai 705
38 丰度191 Fengdu 191 90 德单5号Dedan 5
39 金海1911 Jinhai 1911 91 万盛69 Wansheng 69
40 金海1908 Jinhai 1908 92 农华221 Nonghua 221
41 丰乐365 Fengle 365 93 德瑞88 Derui 88
42 登海710 Denghai 710 94 齐单109 Qidan 109
43 来玉721 Laiyu 721 95 京科927 Jingke 927
44 来玉238 Laiyu 238 96 联研155 Lianyan 155
45 新单68 Xindan 68 97 宁研678 Ningyan 678
46 MC812 98 桓丰107 Huanfeng 107
47 德发106 Defa 106 99 登海1996 Denghai 1996
48 胜风1号 Shengfeng 1 100 立原296 Liyuan 296
49 金海188 Jinhai 188 101 硕秋702 Shuoqiu 702
50 德单123 Dedan 123 102 良星579 Liangxing 579
51 明天695 Mingtian 695 103 鑫研218 Xinyan 218
52 登海111 Denghai 111 104 禾硕818 Heshuo 818

Fig. 1

Frequency distribution and normal distribution curve of root pulling force of various varieties"

Fig. 2

Box diagram of root traits 1st: the first floor; 2nd: the second floor; 3rd: the third floor; 4th: the fourth floor; 5th: the fifth floor; 6th: the sixth floor; 7th: the seventh floor; 8th: the eighth floor."

Table 2

Correlation coefficient between pulling force and root angle"

指标
Index		 根拔力
RPF		 第1层
1st floor		 第2层
2nd floor		 第3层
3rd floor		 第4层
4th floor		 第5层
5th floor		 第6层
6th floor		 第7层
7th floor		 第8层
8th floor
根拔力 RPF 1 0.071 0.185 0.092 0.367** 0.345** 0.249** 0.299** 0.658**
第1层 1st floor 1 0.525** 0.352** 0.323* 0.239 0.139 0.115 0.055
第2层 2nd floor 1 0.378** 0.437** 0.265** 0.128 0.184 0.217*
第3层 3rd floor 1 0.417** 0.475** 0.216* 0.233* 0.261**
第4层 4th floor 1 0.416** 0.215* 0.231* 0.367**
第5层 5th floor 1 0.413** 0.558** 0.379**
第6层 6th floor 1 0.413** 0.207*
第7层 7th floor 1 0.442**
第8层 8th floor 1

Table 3

Correlation coefficient between root pulling force and number of roots"

指标
Index		 根拔力
RPF		 第1层
1st floor		 第2层
2nd floor		 第3层
3rd floor		 第4层
4th floor		 第5层
5th floor		 第6层
6th floor		 第7层
7th floor		 第8层
8th floor
根拔力 RPF 1 0.376** 0.234* 0.201** 0.422** 0.454** 0.624** 0.609** 0.207*
第1层 1st floor 1 0.438** 0.147 0.172** -0.033 0.023** 0.113** 0.158**
第2层 2nd floor 1 0.252* 0.045** -0.162** 0.067** 0.079 0.132**
第3层 3rd floor 1 0.083** -0.085 0.002 -0.05 0.078**
第4层 4th floor 1 0.256** 0.243* 0.262 0.097
第5层 5th floor 1 0.386** 0.352** 0.169
第6层 6th floor 1 0.731** 0.163
第7层 7th floor 1 0.128
第8层 8th floor 1

Fig. 3

Relationship between root pulling force and total number of root"

Table 4

Correlation between root pulling force and nodal root length"

指标
Index		 根拔力
RPF		 第1层
1st floor		 第2层
2nd floor		 第3层
3rd floor		 第4层
4th floor		 第5层
5th floor		 第6层
6th floor		 第7层
7th floor		 第8层
8th floor
根拔力 RPF 1 0.115 0.240* 0.383** 0.365** 0.454** 0.495** 0.568** 0.666**
第1层 1st floor 1 0.231 0.457** 0.634** 0.623** 0.765** 0.780** 0.795**
第2层 2nd floor 1 0.272 0.501** 0.691** 0.710** 0.807** 0.855**
第3层 3rd floor 1 0.167 0.481** 0.669** 0.640* 0.873**
第4层 4th floor 1 0.256 0.474** 0.689** 0.718**
第5层 5th floor 1 0.268 0.591** 0.763**
第6层 6th floor 1 0.227 0.661**
第7层 7th floor 1 0.357
第8层 8th floor 1

Fig. 4

Relationship between root pulling force and dry matter of nodal roots"

Table 5

Correlation between root pulling force and root characters"

指标
Index		 植株根拔力
RPF		 根干重
RDM		 节根条数
RN		 节根总条数
TRN		 节根着生角度
RA		 节根长度
RL
植株根拔力RPF 1
根干重RDM 0.671** 1
节根条数RN 0.609** 0.379** 1
节根总条数TRN 0.870** 0.585** 0.717** 1
节根着生角度RA 0.299** 0.173 0.302** 0.279** 1
节根长度RL 0.568** 0.394** 0.313** 0.511** 0.077 1

Fig. 5

Tree diagram of correlation between root pulling force and root traits ** indicates that the correlation is significant at the 0.01 probability level (two-tailed). * indicates that the correlation is significant at the 0.05 probability level (two-tailed)."

Table 6

Principal component characteristic values and cumulative contribution rates of different maize related root traits"

成分
Ingredient		 初始特征值
Initial eigen value		 方差百分比
Percentage of variances (%)		 累积
Accumulation (%)
PC1 2.607 31.012 31.012
PC2 1.701 28.156 59.168
PC3 1.283 24.015 83.183
PC4 0.819 9.013 92.196
PC5 0.232 7.804 100.000

Table 7

Principal component characteristic values of different root traits in maize"

指标
Index		 第1主成分
PC1		 第2主成分
PC2		 第3主成分
PC3
根干重RDM -0.201 0.535 -0.249
每层节根条数RN 0.878 0.012 -0.198
节根总条数TRN 0.806 0.776 0.187
节根着生角度RA 0.615 0.769 0.601
节根长度RL -0.014 0.370 0.721

Fig. 6

Cluster analysis of comprehensive factor score based on root traits in summer maize"

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