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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (11): 3017-3028.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.31003

• CROP GENETICS & BREEDING·GERMPLASM RESOURCES·MOLECULAR GENETICS • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Evaluation of the forage performance of polish wheat on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

ZHAO Cai-Xia1,2,3(), SHEN Ji-Cheng1,2(), YIN Shu-Xiang1,2,3, YE Fa-Hui1,2,3, YANG Miao-Si4, LIU Rui-Juan1,2, LIU De-Mei1,2, ZHANG Huai-Gang1,2, SHEN Yu-Hu1,2, CHEN Wen-Jie1,2,*()   

  1. 1Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, Qinghai, China
    2Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, Qinghai, China
    3University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
    4Qinghai University, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China
  • Received:2023-01-06 Accepted:2023-04-17 Online:2023-11-12 Published:2023-05-08
  • About author:First author contact:

    **Contributed equally to this study

  • Supported by:
    Project of Qinghai Science and Technology Department(2022-NK-106);Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA24030102);Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research (STEP) Program(2019QZKK0303);Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(2019420);Construction Project for Innovation Platform of Qinghai Province(2022-ZJ-Y01);Construction Project for Innovation Platform of Qinghai Province(2022-ZJ-Y04)

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Abstract:

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is a typical alpine grazing area in the world, which is cold and arid, with fragile ecological environment, low level of primary productivity of natural grasslands, single suitable grass species for artificial pastures, and low quality, which can hardly suit the nutritional needs of grazing livestock. It is urgent to screen and cultivate high-quality forage crops. The objective of this study is to measure the forage traits of 40 polish wheat (Triticum polonicum L.), the entropy weighting method was applied to determine the weights of the measurement indicators, and use the gray correlation degree for a multivariate evaluation, to identify excellent forage germplasm resources of polish wheat varieties most suitable for planting in Qinghai. The main findings were as follows: (1) The grain yield of the test material had the highest weight of 7.04%, followed by 6.98% for fresh grass yield at flowering stage, also the coefficients of variation of grain and fresh forage yield were higher at 28.57% and 22.26%, respectively. (2) The forage quality analysis showed that the crude protein content of the plant and grain were higher by 23.86% and 20.28%, respectively. The acid detergent fibers and neutral detergent fiber of the plant were lower. (3) The multivariate evaluation of multiple indicators of the polish wheat revealed that three varieties with the best multivariate score among the 40 different Polish wheat were No. 9 from Argentina, No. 18 from Ethiopia, and No. 20 from Romania, and the highest multivariate score was 0.635 for No. 20, followed by 0.617 for No. 18, and 0.607 for No. 9. The materials with higher multivariate score of the test varieties and more outstanding forage traits can be the excellent test materials for the screening and breeding high quality forage grasses with high protein content on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau according to production needs.

Key words: Polish wheat, forage yield, grain yield, forage quality, Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Table 1

Polish wheat variety used in this study"

序号No. 名称Name 来源地Origin 序号No. 名称Name 来源地Origin
1 PI29447 乌克兰Ukraine 21 CItr13919 埃塞俄比亚Ethiopia
2 PI384265 埃塞俄比亚Ethiopia 22 PI566593-1 美国USA
3 PI384345 埃塞俄比亚Ethiopia 23 PI272565-1 匈牙利Hungary
4 PI290512 葡萄牙Portugal 24 PI272565 匈牙利Hungary
5 PI225334 伊朗Iran 25 PI352488-1 意大利Italy
6 PI190951 葡萄牙Portugal 26 PI210845-1 伊朗Iran
7 CItr14140 未知Unknown 27 PI210845 伊朗Iran
8 PI387479 埃塞俄比亚Ethiopia 28 PI566593 美国USA
9 PI185309 阿根廷Argentina 29 PI384340-1 埃塞俄比亚Ethiopia
10 PI608017 美国USA 30 PI384340 埃塞俄比亚Ethiopia
11 PI266846 英国UK 31 PI352489-1 塞浦路斯Cyprus
12 PI191823 葡萄牙Portugal 32 PI56261 葡萄牙Portugal
13 PI366117 约旦Jordan 33 PI306548 罗马尼亚Romania
14 PI384268 未知Unknown 34 PI352489 塞浦路斯Cyprus
15 PI352487 葡萄牙Portugal 35 PI387457-1 葡萄牙Portugal
16 PI352488 澳大利亚Australia 36 PI387457 埃塞俄比亚Ethiopia
17 PI42209 匈牙利Hungary 37 PI56261-1 埃塞俄比亚Ethiopia
18 CItr13919-1 埃塞俄比亚Ethiopia 38 CItr17442 美国USA
19 PI298572-1 埃塞俄比亚Ethiopia 39 CItr17442-1 美国USA
20 PI306548-1 罗马尼亚Romania 40 CItr298572 埃塞俄比亚Ethiopia

Table 2

Changes in agronomic traits of Polish wheat"

指标
Index		 株高
Plant height (cm)		 穗长
Spike length (cm)		 穗颈节长
SNL (cm)		 分蘖
Tiller number		 籽粒粗蛋白
GCP (%)		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)
平均值Mean 134.84 12.49 57.43 22.80 20.28 47.26
最大Max. 159.79 17.86 68.47 35.64 23.72 63.32
最小Min. 99.42 7.00 43.67 8.37 17.17 30.37
变异系数CV (%) 11.15 20.34 10.12 28.51 7.61 17.84

Fig. 1

Changes in agronomic traits of Polish wheat Year (y): year effect; variety (v): variety effect; y × v: year × variety effect. *: P<0.05; **: P<0.01; ***: P<0.001."

Table 3

Changes in forage yield of Polish wheat"

序号
No.		 花期Flower 收获Harvest 序号
No.		 花期Flower 收获Harvest
鲜草产量
Fresh forage yield (t hm-2)		 干草产量
Dry forage
yield (t hm-2)		 干草产量
Dry forage
yield (t hm-2)		 鲜草产量
Fresh forage
yield (t hm-2)		 干草产量
Dry forage
yield (t hm-2)		 干草产量
Dry forage
yield (t hm-2)
1 6.98 ab 2.43 ab 1.86 bc 23 3.83 defg 1.31 efghijk 1.52 cdefghi
2 7.95 a 2.71 a 1.26 defghijk 24 3.45 efg 1.14 hijk 1.49 cdefghi
3 4.73 bcdefg 1.90 bcdefgh 1.05 hijk 25 4.99 bcdefg 1.68 cdefghijk 1.24 defghijk
4 4.84 bcdefg 1.93 bcdefg 1.23 defghijk 26 3.34 fg 1.16 ghijk 1.52 cdefghi
5 3.04 fg 1.25 fghijk 1.37 cdefghij 27 4.09 defg 1.05 k 1.48 cdefghij
6 4.28 defg 1.45 defghijk 1.50 cdefghi 28 3.79 defg 1.49 defghijk 1.44 cdefghij
7 3.94 defg 1.10 jk 1.64 cdefg 29 4.65 bcdefg 1.36 defghijk 2.26 ab
8 3.19 fg 1.16 ghijk 1.28 defghijk 30 3.75 defg 1.20 ghijk 1.72 cd
9 6.00 abcde 1.88 bcdefghi 1.71 cde 31 3.86 defg 1.34 efghijk 1.70 cde
10 5.40 bcdef 1.80 bcdefghijk 1.53 cdefghi 32 4.61 bcdefg 2.01 bcdefg 1.65 bcdefg
11 7.01 ab 1.49 defghijk 1.50 defghijk 33 4.39 cdefg 1.69 cdefghijk 1.29 cdefghijk
12 3.56 efg 1.18 ghijk 1.19 ghijk 34 2.44 g 1.14 hijk 1.34 cdefghijk
13 3.64 defg 1.41 defghijk 0.96 ijk 35 3.26 fg 1.41 defghijk 1.13 efghijk
14 3.26 fg 1.03 k 0.90 jk 36 4.46 cdefg 2.03 bcde 1.16 defghijk
15 3.38 fg 1.26 efghijk 0.97 ijk 37 3.00 fg 1.13 ijk 1.07 ghijk
16 3.68 defg 1.08 k 0.80 k 38 3.53 efg 1.39 defghijk 1.25 defghijk
17 3.56 efg 1.19 ghijk 1.06 ghijk 39 3.38 fg 1.40 defghijk 1.08 fghijk
18 6.79 abc 2.24 abc 1.74 cd 40 4.05 defg 2.11 abcd 1.07 ghijk
19 6.15 abcd 1.85 bcdefghij 1.43 cd 平均值Mean 4.36 1.52 1.41
20 4.95 bcdefg 1.78 bcdefghijk 2.69 a Max. 7.95 2.71 2.69
21 4.39 cdefg 1.20 ghijk 1.68 cde Min. 2.44 1.03 0.80
22 4.76 bcdefg 1.45 defghijk 1.58 cdefgh CV (%) 28.57 27.13 25.87

Table 4

Changes in grain yield and harvest index of Polish wheat"

序号
No.		 籽粒产量
Grain yield (kg hm-2)		 收获指数
Harvest index		 序号
No.		 籽粒产量
Grain yield (kg hm-2)		 收获指数
Harvest index
1 406.26 bcdefghij 0.22 f 23 320.48 hijk 0.21 g
2 460.19 abcde 0.37 b 24 314.95 hijkl 0.21 g
3 338.96 fghijk 0.32 b 25 307.48 ijkl 0.25 e
4 477.84 abcd 0.39 ab 26 307.23 ijkl 0.20 g
5 487.61 abc 0.36 b 27 331.56 ghijk 0.22 fg
6 447.45 bcdefg 0.30 cd 28 377.55 cdefghij 0.26 e
7 572.75 a 0.35 b 29 519.67 ab 0.23 ef
8 486.45 abc 0.38 b 30 351.15 efghijk 0.20 g
9 515.92 ab 0.30 cd 31 494.92 abc 0.29 cd
10 431.13 bcdefgh 0.28 d 32 289.16 ijkl 0.18 h
11 453.27 bcdef 0.30 cd 33 317.23 hijk 0.25 ef
12 324.05 hijk 0.27 d 34 247.25 kl 0.19 gh
13 356.38 efghijk 0.37 b 35 453.37 bcdef 0.40 a
14 336.06 fghijk 0.37 b 36 463.47 abcde 0.40 a
15 291.08 ijkl 0.30 cd 37 403.85 bcdefghij 0.38 b
16 284.39 jkl 0.36 b 38 385.58 cdefghij 0.31 cd
17 359.99 defghijk 0.34 b 39 329.77 ghijk 0.31 cd
18 452.38 bcdefg 0.26 e 40 298.61 ijkl 0.28 d
19 462.39 abcde 0.32 b 平均值Mean 388.85 0.29
20 486.18 abc 0.18 h Max. 572.75 0.40
21 410.02 bcdefghi 0.24 ef Min. 200.11 0.13
22 200.11 l 0.13 i CV (%) 22.26 24.85

Table 5

Changes in forage yield of Polish wheat (%)"

指标
Index		 叶Leaf 茎秆Stem
ADF NDF CP ADF NDF CP
平均值Mean 40.79 59.45 23.86 43.71 58.47 7.58
最大值Max. 49.30 66.46 27.94 50.92 65.48 12.98
最小值Min. 30.51 50.22 16.33 30.03 49.60 4.04
变异系数CV (%) 9.59 7.31 9.59 10.36 8.08 28.94

Fig. 2

Changes in forage quality of Polish wheat"

Fig. 3

Correlation with different agronomy traits of the of Polish wheat Different color indicates the correlation between indicators, darker color indicates higher correlation, and lighter color indicates the opposite. *: P < 0.05; **: P < 0.01. ADF: acid detergent fiber; NDF: netural detergent fiber."

Table 6

Weights and rank of each index of Polish wheat"

指标
Index		 权重
Weight (%)		 排名Rank 指标
Index		 权重
Weight (%)		 排名
Rank
株高Plant height 6.88 4 籽粒粗蛋白Grain crude protein 6.37 8
穗长Spike length 6.52 5 籽粒产量Grain yield 7.04 1
穗颈节长Spike stem nodes length 6.88 4 叶片粗蛋白Crude protein (leaf) 6.37 7
分蘖Tiller 5.31 14 叶片酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fibe (leaf) 5.77 12
花期鲜草产量Fresh forage yield (flower) 6.98 2 叶片中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber (leaf) 6.45 6
花期干草产量Dry forage yield (flower) 6.96 3 茎秆粗蛋白Crude protein (stem) 6.30 9
收获期干草产量Dry forage yield (harvest) 5.59 13 茎秆酸性洗涤纤维Acid detergent fibe (stem) 4.91 15
千粒重1000-grain weight 5.83 11 茎秆中性洗涤纤维Neutral detergent fiber (stem) 6.22 10

Table 7

Weight relevance and rank of tested varieties"

序号
No.		 加权关联度
Weighted relevance		 排名
Rank		 序号
No.		 加权关联度
Weighted relevance		 排名
Rank
1 0.490 21 21 0.507 19
2 0.545 12 22 0.545 12
3 0.407 31 23 0.522 14
4 0.564 8 24 0.507 19
5 0.508 18 25 0.547 11
6 0.482 23 26 0.446 27
7 0.572 6 27 0.573 5
8 0.420 30 28 0.550 10
9 0.607 3 29 0.510 16
10 0.560 9 30 0.470 25
11 0.602 4 31 0.533 13
12 0.494 20 32 0.390 32
13 0.451 26 33 0.568 7
14 0.432 30 34 0.521 15
15 0.483 22 35 0.347 35
16 0.341 36 36 0.445 28
17 0.389 33 37 0.424 29
18 0.617 2 38 0.479 24
19 0.568 7 39 0.350 34
20 0.635 1 40 0.509 17
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