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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (10): 3095-3109.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2026.64042

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of nitrogen-potassium ratio on storage root yield, quality, and nutrient uptake and utilization in sweet potato under equal total nutrient input

Deng Shu-Wen1,2(), Zhang Lin-Xi2,3(), Sun Guang-Yan2, Song Yi-Ming1,2, Tang Ming-Jun2, Li Yu-Cui2, Zhao Fang-Xi2, Wang Teng-Long2, Zhao Rui-Na2, Du Kang2, Lyu Chang-Wen2, Tang Dao-Bin2,*(), Wang Ji-Chun1,2,*()   

  1. 1 Yibin Academy of Southwest University, Yibin 644000, Sichuan, China
    2 College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University / Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops in Chongqing, Chongqing 400702, China
    3 Qujing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qujing 655000, Yunnan, China
  • Received:2026-04-02 Accepted:2026-07-15 Online:2026-10-12 Published:2026-07-24
  • Contact: Tang Dao-Bin, E-mail: tdbin@swu.edu.cn;Wang Ji-Chun, E-mail: wjchun@swu.edu.cn
  • About author:** Contributed equally to this work
  • Supported by:
    Shuangcheng Cooperative Agreement Research Grant of Yibin(YBSCXY2023020013);Seed Industry “Potato Science and Enterprise Consortium Special Program” of the Chongqing Agriculture and Rural Affairs Commission(2021-2025);Special Program for Potato Innovation Team of the Chongqing Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System(CQMAITS2023-4)

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Abstract:

This study investigated the effects of different nitrogen-potassium ratios under equal total nutrient input on sweet potato yield, quality, and nutrient uptake and utilization, aiming to provide a scientific basis for balanced mineral fertilization to achieve high yield, high quality, and high efficiency in sweet potato production. A two-year field experiment was conducted using a split-plot design in Hechuan District, Chongqing, China, during the 2023 and 2024 growing seasons. Two sweet potato cultivars, Yuhongxinshu 98 (Yhs98) and Yuhongxinshu 3 (Yhs3), were assigned to the main plots, and five N:K2O ratio treatments under equal total nutrient input were assigned to the subplots: R1 (1:3), R2 (1:1.5), R3 (1:1), R4 (1.5:1), and R5 (3:1). The effects of these N:K2O ratios on storage root yield and quality, photosynthetic characteristics and carbon-nitrogen metabolic enzyme activities in functional leaves, plant biomass accumulation, and nutrient uptake and utilization were systematically evaluated. The results showed that storage root yield, number of storage roots per plant, single storage root weight, starch and soluble sugar contents in storage roots, photosynthetic parameters, activities of key carbon-nitrogen metabolic enzymes in functional leaves, T/R value, and dry weight and nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) accumulation in storage roots were higher under the R1 or R2 treatments than under the other treatments. In contrast, soluble protein content in storage roots, vine dry weight, and N and K accumulation in vines were higher under the R4 or R5 treatments. The long-vine cultivar was more sensitive to changes in the N:K2O ratio. Compared with the R5 treatment, R2 increased storage root yield by 31.01% and 35.87% and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) by 157.63% and 89.25% in Yhs98 and Yhs3, respectively. Compared with the R1 treatment, R2 increased potassium use efficiency (KUE) by 47.67% and 100.56% in Yhs98 and Yhs3, respectively. In conclusion, the R2 treatment (N:K2O = 1:1.5) synergistically optimized photosynthetic performance and the activities of key carbon-nitrogen metabolic enzymes in sweet potato functional leaves, promoted the efficient partitioning of photosynthates to storage roots, achieved simultaneous improvements in storage root yield and quality, and increased both NUE and KUE. Therefore, R2 was the optimal N:K2O nutrient ratio under the conditions of this study.

Key words: sweet potato, nitrogen-potassium nutrient ratio, photosynthetic characteristics, carbon and nitrogen metabolism enzyme activities, nutrient uptake and utilization, yield, quality

Fig. 1

Monthly precipitation and mean temperature during the sweet potato growing seasons in 2023 and 2024"

Table 1

Basic soil fertility at the experimental site"

年份
Year		 pH 碱解氮
Alkaline-
hydrolyzed N
(mg kg-1)		 速效钾
Available K
(mg kg-1)		 速效磷
Available P
(mg kg-1)		 有机质
Organic matter
(g kg-1)		 全氮
Total N
(g kg-1)		 全磷
Total P
(g kg-1)		 全钾
Total K
(g kg-1)
2023 7.53 46.96 103.12 9.67 24.07 0.47 0.46 12.64
2024 7.11 51.02 75.82 17.31 12.64 0.58 0.76 3.65

Table 2

Fertilizer application rates under different N:K2O ratio"

处理
Treatment		 N:K2O N
(kg hm-2)		 K2O
(kg hm-2)		 N+K2O
(kg hm-2)		 P2O5
(kg hm-2)
R1 1:3 75 225 300 90
R2 1:1.5 120 180 300 90
R3 1:1 150 150 300 90
R4 1.5:1 180 120 300 90
R5 3:1 225 75 300 90

Table 3

Effects of different fertilization treatments on yield and yield components of sweet potato"

年份
Year		 品种
Cultivar		 氮钾比
N:K2O ratio		 产量
Yield (t hm-2)		 单株薯数
Root number per plant		 单薯重
Single root weight (g)
2023 Yhs98 R1 42.15±1.62 a 3.45±0.01 de 216.15±8.01 a
R2 43.71±1.55 a 3.54±0.03 bcd 218.90±9.77 a
R3 39.22±2.12 b 3.46±0.01 de 200.76±11.26 b
R4 34.27±1.00 c 3.31±0.10 f 183.36±1.64 c
R5 32.81±1.50 cd 3.22±0.07 f 180.20±4.50 c
Yhs3 R1 29.49±1.35 ef 3.59±0.07 bc 145.49±6.19 de
R2 30.98±1.38 de 3.70±0.01 a 148.39±6.57 d
R3 27.46±1.03 fg 3.61±0.06 ab 134.81±3.88 ef
R4 25.13±1.30 gh 3.49±0.09 cde 127.65±9.49 fg
R5 22.85±1.49 h 3.41±0.05 e 118.59±8.93 g
F-value C 11,655.92*** 282.00** 203,644.76***
R 42.53*** 24.70*** 22.95***
C×R 1.74ns 0.22ns 1.02ns
2024 Yhs98 R1 41.63±0.51 a 5.24±0.05 a 132.33±1.46 ab
R2 42.31±0.40 a 5.11±0.14 ab 137.95±2.47 a
R3 38.07±2.26 b 4.90±0.08 cd 129.60±5.83 b
R4 34.20±0.56 c 4.98±0.08 bc 114.35±0.16 c
R5 32.85±1.58 c 4.80±0.05 d 114.12±4.31 c
Yhs3 R1 27.88±1.42 d 4.50±0.15 e 103.13±2.77 d
R2 32.68±2.60 c 4.59±0.14 e 118.66±6.17 c
R3 25.95±0.24 e 4.33±0.16 f 99.92±4.51 de
R4 24.81±0.13 e 4.28±0.09 f 96.73±2.38 e
R5 24.00±0.25 e 4.16±0.05 f 96.10±0.87 e
F-value
 C 1429.19*** 308.32** 3537.86***
R 63.89*** 17.87*** 39.69***
C×R 5.04** 1.31ns 4.03*

Fig. 2

Effects of different treatments on storage root quality in sweet potato Treatments are the same as those given in Table 3. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among N:K2O ratio treatments within the same variety and year (P < 0.05). Error bars indicate standard deviation. *, **, and *** indicate significant differences at P < 0.05, P < 0.01, and P < 0.001, respectively; ns indicates no significant difference."

Fig. 3

Effects of different treatments on photosynthetic characteristics of functional leaves in sweet potato Treatments are the same as those given in Table 3. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among N:K2O ratio treatments within the same variety and year (P < 0.05). Error bars indicate standard deviation. *, **, and *** indicate significant differences at P < 0.05, P < 0.01, and P < 0.001, respectively; ns indicates no significant difference. Pn: net photosynthetic rate; Gs: stomatal conductance; Ci: intercellular CO2 concentration; Tr: transpiration rate."

Fig. 4

Effects of different treatments on the T/R value of sweet potato Treatments are the same as those given in Table 3. Within the same period, variety and year, different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among N:K2O ratio treatments (P < 0.05). Error bars indicate standard deviation."

Fig. 5

Effects of different treatments on dry weight of sweet potato vines and storage roots Treatments are the same as those given in Table 3. Within the same period, variety and year, different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among N:K2O ratio treatments (P < 0.05). Error bars indicate standard deviation."

Fig. 6

Effects of different treatments on the activities of SS (a), SPS (b), and GS (c) in functional leaves of sweet potato Treatments are the same as those given in Table 3. Different lowercase letters within the same variety indicate significant differences among N:K2O ratio treatments (P < 0.05). Error bars indicate standard deviation. *, **, and *** indicate significant differences at P < 0.05, P < 0.01, and P < 0.001, respectively; ns indicates no significant difference. SS: sucrose synthase; SPS: sucrose phosphate synthase; GS: glutamine synthetase."

Fig. 7

Effects of different treatments on nitrogen accumulation in sweet potato vines and storage roots Treatments are the same as those given in Table 3. Within the same period, variety and year, different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among N:K2O ratio treatments (P < 0.05). Error bars indicate standard deviation."

Fig. 8

Effects of different treatments on potassium accumulation in sweet potato vines and storage roots Treatments are the same as those given in Table 3. Within the same period, variety and year, different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among N:K2O ratio treatments (P < 0.05). Error bars indicate standard deviation."

Table 4

Effects of fertilization treatments on nitrogen and potassium use efficiencies and partial factor productivities in sweet potato"

年份
Year		 品种
Cultivar		 氮钾比
N:K2O ratio		 氮肥利用率
Nitrogen use
efficiency
(%)		 氮肥偏生产力
Nitrogen partial factor productivity
(kg kg-1)		 钾肥利用率
Potassium use
efficiency
(%)		 钾肥偏生产力
Potassium partial factor productivity
(kg kg-1)
2023 Yhs98 R1 61.19±4.06 b 562.04±21.65 a 44.49±4.06 e 187.35±7.22 e
R2 71.65±3.52 a 364.22±12.92 c 64.20±0.40 a 242.81±8.61 c
R3 46.65±2.81 d 261.49±14.16 d 62.12±3.11 ab 261.49±14.16 c
R4 36.92±2.65 e 190.39±5.53 e 57.40±1.90 bc 285.59±8.30 b
R5 20.97±2.59 g 145.83±6.65 f 54.00±4.07 cd 437.49±19.95 a
Yhs3 R1 45.06±1.10 d 393.25±18.01 b 31.31±1.93 g 131.08±6.00 f
R2 52.99±1.65 c 258.14±11.49 d 52.84±3.57 cd 172.09±7.66 e
R3 37.30±2.94 e 183.06±6.85 e 50.44±3.15 d 183.06±6.85 e
R4 34.81±0.73 e 139.61±7.23 f 44.71±1.93 e 209.41±10.84 d
R5 25.45±1.74 f 101.54±6.61 g 38.67±3.69 f 304.63±19.83 b
F-value

 C 68.57* 2028.56*** 110.44** 1262.24***
R 267.07*** 699.74*** 50.75*** 267.77***
C×R 19.03*** 22.64*** 2.46 ns 9.11***
2024 Yhs98 R1 56.20±8.58 b 555.12±6.83 a 41.46±2.83 e 185.04±2.28 g
R2 66.69±3.05 a 352.60±3.30 c 62.62±1.83 a 235.07±2.20 e
R3 49.28±3.29 c 253.82±15.07 e 56.07±2.16 b 253.82±15.07 d
R4 43.95±6.02 cd 189.97±3.10 f 54.87±1.12 bc 284.96±4.66 c
R5 38.42±1.63 de 146.02±7.04 h 47.39±3.58 d 438.05±21.13 a
Yhs3 R1 46.93±4.80 c 371.71±18.99 b 24.26±4.02 g 145.24±11.54 h
R2 56.11±5.01 b 272.32±21.65 d 56.37±4.49 b 181.54±14.43 g
R3 37.31±0.63 de 173.01±1.57 g 50.11±2.87 cd 173.01±1.57 g
R4 34.11±2.32 e 137.83±0.73 h 45.79±2.35 de 206.75±1.09 f
R5 32.95±2.67 e 106.67±1.13 i 35.75±3.67 f 320.00±3.38 b
F-value

 C 46.91* 2565.09*** 412.64** 460.77**
R 47.49*** 1239.62*** 53.29*** 500.05***
C×R 0.65 ns 54.38*** 7.96** 16.85***

Fig. 9

Correlation analysis among indicators * and ** indicate significant correlations at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively. Yield: yield; RN: root number per plant; RW: single root weight; SS: sucrose synthase; SPS: sucrose phosphate synthase; GS: glutamine synthetase; Pn: net photosynthetic rate; Gs: stomatal conductance; Ci: intercellular CO2 concentration; Tr: transpiration rate; VDW: vine dry weight; RDW: storage root dry weight; VNA: vine nitrogen accumulation; RNA: storage root nitrogen accumulation; VKA: vine potassium accumulation; RKA: storage root potassium accumulation; SPC: soluble protein content; SC: starch content; SSC: soluble sugar content."

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