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Acta Agronomica Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (10): 3084-3094.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2026.63017

• TILLAGE & CULTIVATION·PHYSIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of mixed sowing of leguminous forages on quality, yield and compensatory effect of nitrogen-reduced silage maize

Peng Ya(), Wang Di-Cheng, Ren Qiang, Lu Hao, Zhang Ming-Long, Li Hai-Long, Fan Zhi-Long, Yin Wen, Wang Feng, Hu Fa-Long(), Chai Qiang   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science / Agronomy College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
  • Received:2026-02-02 Accepted:2026-06-11 Online:2026-10-12 Published:2026-06-22
  • Contact: Hu Fa-Long, E-mail: hufl@gsau.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    Gansu Longyuan Youth Talent Project(LYYC-2025-05);Gansu Provincial Science and Technology Support Project(KJZC-2026-26);National Key Research and Development Program(2022YFD1900200);National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20218)

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Abstract:

To address the urgent need for nitrogen (N) fertilizer reduction in the sustainable silage maize production in the Hexi oasis irrigation area, while mitigating the associated decline in forage yield and quality, under reduced N conditions, this study investigated the effects and compensatory mechanism of intercropping with leguminous forages on the yield and quality of silage maize under nitrogen-reduced conditions, aiming to provide a scientific basis for the sustainable production of silage maize in this region. The experiment was conducted in 2023-2024 at the Wuwei Oasis agricultural comprehensive experimental station using a split-plot design. The main plots consisted of three planting patterns: monocropped silage maize (M), silage maize-millet bean intercropping (MH), and silage maize-lablab bean intercropping (ML). The subplots included four nitrogen application rates: conventional nitrogen application (N3, 360 kg hm-2), 15% nitrogen reduction (N2, 306 kg hm-2), 30% nitrogen reduction (N1, 252 kg hm-2), and no nitrogen application (N0, 0 kg hm-2). The results showed that under 30% nitrogen reduction (N1), compared to monoculture (M), the MH and ML patterns increased crude protein content by 24.7% and 27.6%, starch content by 35.6% and 37.3%, and crude ash content by 26.5% and 72.2%, respectively, neutral detergent fiber content decreased by 11.9% and 14.0%, the acid detergent fiber content decreased by 10.5% and 14.9%, and the relative feed value increased by 18.6% and 22.3%, respectively. Under N1, dry matter accumulation and forage yield of silage maize in the MH and ML were significantly higher than in M, with dry matter accumulation increasing by 18.8% (MH) and 31.5% (ML) and the forage yield by 28.9% (MH) and 45.2% (ML), respectively. Furthermore, under N1, the MH and ML patterns exhibited compensatory effects for crude protein, starch, crude ash, RFV and forage yield compared to the conventional nitrogen monoculture (N3+M), with ML showing stronger compensation than MH. Therefore, silage maize-lablab bean intercropping combined with a nitrogen application rate of 252 kg hm-2 (30% reduction) can improve both forage quality and yield, representing a suitable planting pattern and nitrogen application rate for sustainable silage maize production in the oasis irrigation area.

Key words: silage maize, mixed production, nitrogen reduction, forage quality, compensation effect

Fig. 1

Average air temperature and precipitation at the experimental station"

Fig. 2

Effects of intercropping with forage legumes and reducing nitrogen fertilizer application on the contents of crude protein (A), crude (B), starch (C), and crude ash (D) in silage maize cropping systems M: sole silage maize; MH: silage maize intercropped with fodder soybean; ML: silage maize intercropped with lablab bean. N3: conventional N application (360 kg hm-2); N2: 15% N reduction (306 kg hm-2); N1: 30% N reduction (252 kg hm-2); N0: zero N application (0 kg hm-2). C: planting pattern; N: nitrogen application rate; C×N: interaction between planting pattern and nitrogen application rate. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments within the same planting pattern in the same year (P < 0.05). *: P < 0.05; **: P < 0.01; NS: P > 0.05."

Table 1

Effects of intercropping forage legumes and reduced nitrogen fertilizer application on relative feed value in silage maize cropping systems (%)"

种植模式
Cropping pattern		 施氮水平
N fertilizer rate		 2023 2024
中性洗涤纤维
Neutral detergent fiber		 酸性洗涤纤维
Acid detergent fiber		 相对饲用价值
Relative feed value		 中性洗涤纤维
Neutral detergent fiber		 酸性洗涤纤维
Acid detergent fiber		 相对饲用价值
Relative feed
value
M N3 48.92±1.89 ab 28.77±1.30 ab 125.47±5.36 de 50.92±2.30 ab 30.59±1.39 ab 117.87±3.91 fg
N2 48.58±3.11 ab 27.86±1.77 abc 127.85±5.91 cde 50.91±5.45 ab 29.63±1.88 abc 119.96±10.88 fg
N1 48.72±0.65 ab 27.17±0.58 bcde 128.32±1.93 cd 49.05±0.88 abc 28.89±0.62 bcd 124.86±2.96 efg
N0 50.11±1.09 a 29.12±0.59 a 121.87±3.08 e 53.45±3.16 a 30.97±0.63 a 111.90±5.91 g
MH N3 47.66±1.19 abc 26.73±0.41 cde 131.89±3.42 cde 43.99±3.55 de 28.42±0.43 cde 140.59±11.57 bcd
N2 45.52±1.40 bcd 25.56±0.28 ef 140.03±4.43 abcd 43.52±2.28 de 27.17±0.30 def 143.89±7.98 abc
N1 44.08±5.06 cd 24.31±1.24 f 148.17±20.37 ab 42.08±4.05 e 25.85±1.32 fg 151.90±16.34 ab
N0 47.97±0.17 abc 27.52±0.72 abcd 129.75±1.54 cde 47.97±0.17 bcd 29.26±0.77 abc 127.05±1.60 def
ML N3 46.81±1.19 abcd 25.75±0.83 ef 135.84±3.87 bcde 43.48±1.93 de 27.38±0.88 def 143.56±5.15 abc
N2 45.36±2.37 bcd 24.87±0.27 f 141.82±7.56 abc 42.70±0.18 e 26.71±0.29 ef 147.19±0.46 abc
N1 43.22±2.50 d 22.78±0.81 g 152.52±9.32 a 40.89±2.13 e 24.96±0.89 g 157.11±6.61 a
N0 47.31±1.27 abcd 25.96±0.63 def 134.05±2.72 bcde 45.31±1.96 cde 28.45±0.69 cde 136.02±6.32 cde
显著性Significance (P-value)
种植模式C ** ** ** ** ** **
施氮水平N * ** ** ** ** **
C×N NS NS NS NS NS NS

Fig. 3

Effects of intercropping forage legumes and reduced nitrogen fertilizer application on dry matter accumulation in silage maize Treatments and abbreviations are the same as those given in Fig. 2. The error line above the figureindicates the LSD value (P < 0.05). **: P < 0.01."

Fig. 4

Effects of intercropping forage legumes and reduced nitrogen fertilizer application on dry matter accumulation in legume crops Treatments and abbreviations are the same as those given in Fig. 2. H indicates fodder soybean; L indicates lablab bean. The error line above the figure indicates the LSD value (P < 0.05). **: P < 0.01."

Fig. 5

Effects of intercropping forage legumes and reduced nitrogen fertilizer application on forage yield in silage maize cropping systems Treatments and abbreviations are the same as those given in Fig. 2. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments within the same planting pattern in the same year (P < 0.05). **: P < 0.01."

Table 2

Compensation index of forage quality and yield in silage maize cropping systems under intercropping with forage legumes and reduced nitrogen fertilizer application (%)"

年份
Year		 种植模式
Cropping pattern		 施氮水平
N fertilizer rate		 粗蛋白
Crude protein		 粗脂肪
Crude fat		 淀粉
Starch		 粗灰分
Crude ash		 相对饲用价值
Relative feed value		 饲草产量
Forage yield
2023 MH N2 1.18 b 1.02 b 1.00 ab 1.06 c 1.12 b 1.16 c
N1 1.16 b 1.03 b 1.02 a 1.06 c 1.18 ab 1.21 b
N0 0.87 d 0.98 c 0.61 c 0.84 e 1.03 d 0.87 d
ML N2 1.07 c 1.02 b 1.00 ab 1.30 b 1.13 b 1.23 b
N1 1.25 a 1.11 a 1.04 a 1.44 a 1.22 a 1.36 a
N0 0.92 d 1.00 bc 0.62 c 0.95 d 1.07 c 0.84 d
2024 MH N2 1.04 bc 1.01 b 1.00 b 1.07 c 1.22 c 1.14 c
N1 1.08 b 1.04 a 1.03 a 1.07 c 1.29 b 1.16 bc
N0 0.64 d 0.89 d 0.61 c 0.85 e 1.08 e 0.77 d
ML N2 1.03 c 1.02 ab 1.00 b 1.32 b 1.25 bc 1.19 b
N1 1.11 a 1.06 a 1.04 a 1.46 a 1.33 a 1.26 a
N0 0.65 d 0.92 c 0.62 c 0.97 d 1.15 d 0.78 d
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