缓释氮肥与尿素配施对机插杂交籼稻碳氮积累的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.02059

Abstract

Abstract:

To explore the effects of combined application of slow release nitrogen fertilizer and urea on carbon and nitrogen accumulation of machine-transplanted indica hybrid rice in southwestern China. A split-plot design experiments were carried out in 2016 and 2017 repeatedly, with two machine-transplanting methods as main plot, and four nitrogen treatments as subplot using F you 498 as the experimental variety. The contents of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), and their related key enzyme activities were investigated. Results showed that, compared with the blanket-seedling rice, potted-seedling increased key enzyme activities of C and N metabolism of young panicles and flag leaves, C and N accumulation at heading and maturity stage, C accumulation and C/N at jointing stage, C/N of panicle at heading and maturity stage, resulting in the yield improvement of F you 498. Compared with 100% slow release N fertilizer (SRNF) as base, 70% SRNF as base + 30% urea as panicle (SBUP) significantly improved key enzyme activities of C and N metabolism, C/N at jointing stage, C accumulation at heading and maturity stage, leading to a further yield growth in machine-transplanting method. Meanwhile, this study suggested that C/N of the high-yield groups of machine-transplanting hybrid rice should be controlled 1.85-2.12, 2.47-2.82, and 3.34-3.53 at jointing, heading and maturity stages, respectively.

Key words: hybrid indica rice, potted-seedling machine-transplantation, slow and rapid nitrogen fertilizer combined application, carbon and nitrogen metabolism, C/N

LYU Teng-Fei, SHEN Jie, DAI Zou, MA Peng, YANG Zhi-Yuan, ZHENG Chuan-Gang, MA Jun. Effects of combined application of slow release nitrogen fertilizer and urea on carbon and nitrogen accumulation in mechanical transplanted hybrid rice[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2021, 47(10): 1966-1977.

Figures/Tables 7

Fig. 1

Table 1

Table 2

Effects of different machine-transplantation methods and N treatments on C accumulation of organs at different growth stages"

年份 Year	处理 Treatment		拔节期 Elongation stage		抽穗期 Heading stage			成熟期 Maturity stage
年份 Year	处理 Treatment		茎鞘 Stem-sheath	叶片 Leaf	茎鞘 Stem-sheath	叶片 Leaf	穗 Panicle	茎鞘 Stem-sheath	叶片 Leaf	穗 Panicle
2016	M₁N₀		0.48±0.02 d	0.36±0.01 d	1.80±0.02 d	0.77±0.01 c	0.62±0.01 c	1.10±0.02 c	0.42±0.01 b	3.33±0.06 d
	M₁N₁		0.90±0.02 b	0.78±0.02 b	3.08±0.02 c	1.50±0.01 a	0.94±0.03 b	2.04±0.03 a	0.89±0.02 a	5.20±0.04 b
	M₁N₂		1.15±0.03 a	0.85±0.03 a	3.34±0.03 a	1.38±0.01 b	1.01±0.01 a	1.87±0.04 b	0.87±0.01 a	5.03±0.05 c
	M₁N₃		0.81±0.03 c	0.69±0.02 c	3.23±0.02 b	1.56±0.06 a	1.05±0.04 a	1.97±0.01 a	0.88±0.01 a	5.40±0.06 a
	M₂N₀		0.49±0.01 c	0.41±0.01 c	1.52±0.05 c	0.59±0.02 d	0.59±0.02 c	1.09±0.03 d	0.52±0.01 c	3.01±0.06 c
	M₂N₁		0.73±0.02 b	0.66±0.02 b	2.49±0.03 b	1.47±0.05 b	0.84±0.02 b	1.94±0.01 c	1.00±0.05 ab	4.78±0.02 a
	M₂N₂		0.88±0.01 a	0.82±0.01 a	2.54±0.01 b	1.38±0.04 c	0.86±0.01 b	2.03±0.03 b	0.95±0.02 b	4.44±0.04 b
	M₂N₃		0.75±0.02 c	0.67±0.02 c	2.83±0.03 a	1.63±0.05 a	0.99±0.03 a	2.15±0.03 a	1.04±0.03 a	4.89±0.09 a
	F-value	M	496.27^**	9.82 ^ns	184.99^**	3.54 ^ns	25.34^*	21.74^*	31.86^*	278.29^**
		N	243.14^**	258.67^**	102.33^**	625.72^**	196.40^**	469.31^**	249.69^**	510.68^**
		M×N	18.57^**	8.73^**	32.36^**	10.42^**	4.48^*	10.86^**	1.40 ^ns	1.98 ^ns
2017	M₁N₀		0.46±0.01 c	0.29±0.01 c	1.96±0.04 c	0.61±0.02 c	0.57±0.02 c	1.36±0.01 c	0.46±0.01 b	3.26±0.06 c
	M₁N₁		0.81±0.01 b	0.71±0.02 b	3.37±0.03 bc	1.30±0.01 b	0.94±0.01 b	1.99±0.02 b	0.92±0.02 a	5.32±0.05 a
	M₁N₂		1.00±0.02 a	0.80±0.03 a	3.41±0.09 ab	1.27±0.02 b	1.01±0.03 a	2.04±0.06 b	0.93±0.03 a	5.13±0.06 b
	M₁N₃		0.82±0.02 b	0.73±0.01 b	3.54±0.05 a	1.59±0.07 a	1.04±0.03 a	2.16±0.02 a	0.88±0.03 a	5.40±0.04 a
	M₂N₀		0.39±0.02 c	0.31±0.01 c	1.82±0.06 c	0.57±0.02 d	0.52±0.01 c	1.16±0.04 d	0.55±0.02 c	3.11±0.07 c
	M₂N₁		0.81±0.03 a	0.71±0.01 ab	2.84±0.08 b	1.31±0.03 b	0.80±0.03 b	1.91±0.01 c	1.06±0.03 a	5.04±0.04 a
	M₂N₂		0.75±0.02 b	0.74±0.03 a	2.96±0.06 ab	1.14±0.01 c	0.80±0.02 b	1.98±0.04 b	0.96±0.01 b	4.75±0.09 b
	M₂N₃		0.76±0.01 ab	0.68±0.01 b	3.05±0.06 a	1.44±0.01 a	0.90±0.01 a	2.25±0.02 a	1.10±0.02 a	5.00±0.11 a
	F-value	M	61.45^*	16.16 ^ns	152.28^**	98.20^*	341.10^**	19.47^*	153.27^**	64.83^*
		N	262.02^**	253.67^**	231.54^**	436.98^**	114.32^**	521.67^**	238.17^**	353.74^**
		M×N	18.29^**	2.64 ^ns	3.99^*	3.90^*	3.61^*	10.27^**	6.07^**	1.25 ^ns

Table 2

Table 3

Effects of different machine-transplantation methods and N treatments on C/N of organs at different growth stages"

年份 Year	处理 Treatment		拔节期 Elongation stage		抽穗期 Heading stage			成熟期 Maturity stage
年份 Year	处理 Treatment		茎鞘 Stem-sheath	叶片 Leaf	茎鞘 Stem-sheath	叶片 Leaf	穗 Panicle	茎鞘 Stem-sheath	叶片 Leaf	穗 Panicle
2016	M₁N₀		4.94±0.01 a	2.05±0.02 a	5.60±0.04 a	1.86±0.04 a	3.21±0.07 a	4.74±0.08 b	3.01±0.06 a	3.29±0.05 ab
	M₁N₁		3.16±0.03 c	1.33±0.02 c	3.87±0.03 d	1.37±0.03 c	3.00±0.09 b	5.12±0.02 a	2.66±0.03 b	3.23±0.01 bc
	M₁N₂		3.64±0.01 b	1.38±0.02 bc	5.13±0.05 b	1.49±0.01 b	3.31±0.07 a	5.22±0.06 a	2.94±0.03 a	3.35±0.05 a
	M₁N₃		3.67±0.01 b	1.42±0.01 b	4.41±0.04 c	1.35±0.03 c	2.57±0.02 c	4.62±0.04 b	2.98±0.05 a	3.21±0.04 c
	M₂N₀		3.33±0.07 a	1.58±0.02 a	5.80±0.11 a	1.69±0.02 a	3.24±0.09 a	4.79±0.06 a	3.13±0.01 a	3.30±0.03 b
	M₂N₁		2.48±0.07 d	1.20±0.02 d	4.34±0.06 c	1.44±0.02 c	2.59±0.06 d	4.40±0.16 c	2.82±0.02 c	3.40±0.03 a
	M₂N₂		2.84±0.02 c	1.37±0.01 b	5.20±0.10 b	1.63±0.01 b	3.10±0.07 b	4.60±0.05 b	2.96±0.02 b	3.33±0.02 ab
	M₂N₃		3.09±0.02 b	1.28±0.02 c	3.88±0.21 d	1.46±0.02 c	2.74±0.08 c	4.60±0.04 b	2.32±0.03 d	3.40±0.01 a
	F-value	M	820.81^**	1035.33^**	7.51 ^ns	19.32^*	10.26 ^ns	553.09^**	19.29^*	12.54 ^ns
		N	383.11^**	295.37^**	97.99^**	349.17^**	130.21^**	4.07^*	44.80^**	0.79 ^ns
		M×N	70.94^**	49.58^**	7.04^**	57.75^**	24.63^**	10.58^**	45.38^**	4.68^*
2017	M₁N₀		4.89±0.08 a	1.62±0.03 a	6.02±0.08 a	1.69±0.02 a	3.09±0.03 b	5.60±0.14 a	2.72±0.04 c	3.15±0.04 b
	M₁N₁		2.61±0.03 d	1.15±0.01 d	4.00±0.01 c	1.27±0.02 d	3.12±0.07 b	5.39±0.01 b	2.40±0.02 d	3.11±0.01 b
	M₁N₂		2.80±0.02 c	1.21±0.02 c	5.91±0.12 a	1.45±0.01 b	3.40±0.07 a	5.58±0.07 a	3.19±0.04 a	3.39±0.03 a
	M₁N₃		3.03±0.04 b	1.31±0.02 b	4.95±0.11 b	1.41±0.01 c	3.04±0.07 b	4.90±0.05 c	2.85±0.06 b	3.11±0.05 b
	M₂N₀		3.97±0.02 a	1.45±0.01 a	7.24±0.06 a	1.97±0.01 a	2.98±0.06 b	4.80±0.10 b	3.26±0.08 a	3.39±0.01 ab
	M₂N₁		2.61±0.06 b	1.18±0.01 b	5.44±0.02 c	1.37±0.01 b	2.72±0.02 c	4.47±0.03 c	2.87±0.03 b	3.42±0.03 ab
	M₂N₂		2.35±0.03 c	1.18±0.01 b	6.08±0.05 b	1.28±0.01 c	3.14±0.03 a	4.54±0.10 c	3.16±0.04 a	3.50±0.06 a
	M₂N₃		2.69±0.03 b	1.20±0.01 b	4.76±0.03 d	1.35±0.01 b	2.88±0.06 b	5.04±0.04 a	2.61±0.02 c	3.34±0.04 b
	F-value	M	883.50^**	114.50^**	86.30^*	51.46^*	17.44 ^ns	57.94^*	48.17^*	106.69^**
		N	660.08^**	167.54^**	353.39^**	908.80^**	21.97^**	5.65^*	49.16^**	11.58^**
		M×N	30.71^**	10.37^**	65.91^**	156.94^**	3.77^*	29.57^**	29.48^**	2.55 ^ns

Table 3

Table 4

Effects of different machine-transplantation methods and N treatments on C, N accumulation and C/N"

年份 Year	处理 Treatment		全碳积累量 C accumulation (t hm^-2)			全氮积累量 N accumulation (kg hm^-2)			碳氮比 C/N			产量 Yield (kg hm^-2)
年份 Year	处理 Treatment		拔节期 Elongation stage	抽穗期 Heading stage	成熟期 Maturity stage	拔节期 Elongation stage	抽穗期 Heading stage	成熟期 Maturity stage	拔节期 Elongation stage	抽穗期 Heading stage	成熟期 Maturity stage	产量 Yield (kg hm^-2)
2016	M₁N₀		0.84±0.02 d	3.19±0.02 d	4.84±0.08 c	27.20±0.53 d	93.07±1.33 d	138.24±1.25 d	3.07±0.02 a	3.43±0.05 a	3.50±0.05 b	7647.32±191.73 c
	M₁N₁		1.68±0.04 b	5.53±0.06 c	8.13±0.05 a	87.08±2.15 b	220.60±0.81 b	234.28±1.62 b	1.93±0.02 c	2.51±0.03 c	3.47±0.01 bc	12,057.53±175.03 b
	M₁N₂		2.00±0.04 a	5.73±0.03 b	7.77±0.02 b	93.50±1.37 a	188.59±0.78 c	215.34±0.83 c	2.14±0.01 b	3.04±0.02 b	3.61±0.02 a	11,665.74±182.51 b
	M₁N₃		1.50±0.04 c	5.84±0.08 a	8.25±0.07 a	70.60±2.14 c	229.21±3.46 a	240.34±0.49 a	2.12±0.01 b	2.55±0.01 c	3.43±0.02 c	12,608.57±197.97 a
	M₂N₀		0.90±0.02 c	2.71±0.08 c	4.62±0.05 d	40.71±0.64 d	79.77±1.83 d	130.67±1.49 d	2.20±0.01 a	3.40±0.05 a	3.53±0.02 a	7066.64±123.93 c
	M₂N₁		1.40±0.04 b	4.80±0.06 b	7.72±0.07 b	84.97±0.86 b	191.60±3.37 b	220.27±1.42 b	1.64±0.04 c	2.50±0.02 c	3.50±0.01 a	10,830.51±272.57 b
	M₂N₂		1.69±0.01 a	4.78±0.05 b	7.42±0.07 c	90.35±0.71 a	161.51±1.05 c	209.40±2.16 c	1.88±0.01 b	2.96±0.02 b	3.54±0.01 a	10,501.40±159.28 b
	M₂N₃		1.43±0.01 b	5.45±0.06 a	8.08±0.10 a	76.95±0.77 c	221.13±5.70 a	235.36±4.20 a	1.85±0.01 b	2.47±0.04 c	3.43±0.02 b	11,410.96±151.36 a
	F-value	M	266.22^**	108.62^**	89.41^*	20.50^*	134.29^**	225.03^**	846.21^**	18.31 ns	0.01 ns	272.61^**
		N	362.85^**	254.01^**	961.60^**	787.38^**	346.68^**	908.66^**	865.00^**	436.76^**	9.75^**	267.08^**
		M×N	16.72^**	26.12^**	1.18 ns	17.72^**	9.42^**	1.71 ns	139.52^**	0.80 ns	1.69 ns	1.43 ns
2017	M₁N₀		0.75±0.01 c	3.14±0.07 c	5.08±0.08 c	27.30±0.11 d	87.08±2.29 c	144.60±3.16 c	2.73±0.02 a	3.61±0.05 a	3.51±0.02 b	7336.30±169.64 d
	M₁N₁		1.52±0.02 b	5.61±0.03 b	8.23±0.05 ab	92.64±1.55 b	216.92±1.92 a	246.55±1.97 a	1.64±0.01 d	2.59±0.01 d	3.34±0.01 c	11,636.94±176.42 b
	M₁N₂		1.80±0.05 a	5.69±0.12 b	8.10±0.14 b	102.02±2.36 a	174.79±4.52 b	216.91±1.99 b	1.77±0.01 c	3.25±0.03 b	3.73±0.04 a	11,191.95±256.75 c
	M₁N₃		1.56±0.03 b	6.16±0.12 a	8.44±0.03 a	83.41±2.45 c	218.62±4.53 a	249.01±3.08 a	1.87±0.03 b	2.82±0.01 c	3.39±0.05 c	12,178.10±187.51 a
	M₂N₀		0.70±0.03 b	2.92±0.06 c	4.82±0.09 d	31.39±1.00 c	71.90±1.06 d	132.85±2.29 d	2.24±0.02 a	4.05±0.02 a	3.63±0.01 a	6889.11±145.79 c
	M₂N₁		1.52±0.04 a	4.96±0.10 b	8.01±0.06 b	91.24±1.36 a	177.83±2.73 b	227.15±0.75 b	1.66±0.02 b	2.79±0.02 c	3.53±0.02 b	10,794.88±111.85 ab
	M₂N₂		1.49±0.05 a	4.90±0.09 b	7.69±0.09 c	94.93±3.01 a	162.98±2.69 c	210.06±4.96 c	1.57±0.02 c	3.01±0.01 b	3.66±0.04 a	10,527.79±198.08 b
	M₂N₃		1.44±0.03 a	5.39±0.08 a	8.34±0.13 a	84.62±0.82 b	202.21±3.34 a	236.07±2.30 a	1.70±0.01 b	2.67±0.01 d	3.53±0.02 b	11,242.41±171.13 a
	F-value	M	35.45^*	178.71^**	45.00^*	0.60 ns	215.94^**	654.57^**	527.78^**	18.37 ns	18.26 ns	52.26^*
		N	346.16^**	417.44^**	722.79^**	662.11^**	904.02^**	551.82^**	750.06^**	110.09^**	28.25^**	233.49^**
		M×N	9.34^**	4.71^*	1.76 ns	3.74^*	10.11^**	1.61 ns	53.85^**	102.91^**	6.30^**	0.61 ns

Table 4

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

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年份 Year	育秧方式 Seedling-raising method	播种期 Seeding date	移栽期 Transplanting date	拔节期 Elongation date	抽穗期 Heading date	成熟期 Maturity date
2016	钵苗Potted seedling	3/20	4/17	6/6	7/4	8/22
	毯苗Blanket seedling	3/20	4/17	6/7	7/8	8/24
2017	钵苗Potted seedling	3/25	4/23	6/2	7/8	8/18
	毯苗Blanket seedling	3/25	4/23	6/4	7/10	8/20

Effects of combined application of slow release nitrogen fertilizer and urea on carbon and nitrogen accumulation in mechanical transplanted hybrid rice

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