作物学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (4): 589-600.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.81067
ZHOU Bao-Yuan,MA Wei,SUN Xue-Fang,DING Zai-Song,LI Cong-Feng,ZHAO Ming()
摘要:
探明周年产量20,000 kg hm -2以上冬小麦-夏玉米种植模式周年气候资源分配与利用特征, 并建立资源优化配置定量指标, 为进一步提升黄淮海该模式周年产量潜力和气候资源利用效率提供理论依据, 具有重要意义。本研究利用2006—2010年黄淮海区9个高产点共45个田间试验的数据, 定量分析了冬小麦-夏玉米模式高产形成与季节间光温水资源分配的关系。结果表明, 三省9个试验点冬小麦-夏玉米均实现了周年20,000 kg hm -2以上高产, 但区域间差异较大, 河南和山东小麦产量最高, 山东夏玉米产量最高, 河南和山东周年产量分别高于河北16.9%和21.5%。产量的变化主要由光温水分配差异造成, 河南和山东小麦季积温量在1924.2~2608.0°C和降雨量小于201.1 mm范围时产量均高于河北, 山东玉米季辐射量在2168.5~2953.8 MJ m -2、积温量小于2990.7°C和降水量小于591.3 mm范围时产量均高于河南和河北。然而省份间冬小麦-夏玉米模式季节间热量资源分配率和分配比值相对固定, 即小麦季和玉米季积温分配率分别为43%和57%, 两季间积温比值为0.7, 这是该区当前生产和生态条件下冬小麦-夏玉米模式季节间资源合理配置的定量标准。在不增加任何投入的前提下依据该定量指标来指导黄淮海不同生态区冬小麦-夏玉米种植模式的资源优化配置, 对促进黄淮海该种植模式可持续发展具有重要意义。
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