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作物学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (4): 578-588.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.82040

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

江淮优良食味高产中熟常规粳稻品种的特征

朱盈,徐栋,胡蕾,花辰,陈志峰,张振振,周年兵,刘国栋,张洪程(),魏海燕()   

  1. 江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室 / 江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室 / 江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心, 扬州大学农学院, 江苏扬州225009
  • 收稿日期:2018-07-14 接受日期:2018-12-24 出版日期:2019-04-12 网络出版日期:2019-01-16
  • 通讯作者: 张洪程,魏海燕
  • 作者简介:1004256927@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300503);江苏省重点研发计划项目(BE2016344);江苏省重点研发计划项目(BE2018355);国家现代农业产业技术体系(水稻)建设专项(CARS-01-27);江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目资助

Characteristics of medium-maturity conventional japonica rice with good taste and high yield in Jianghuai area

ZHU Ying,XU Dong,HU Lei,HUA Chen,CHEN Zhi-Feng,ZHANG Zhen-Zhen,ZHOU Nian-Bing,LIU Guo-Dong,ZHANG Hong-Cheng(),WEI Hai-Yan()   

  1. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology / Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2018-07-14 Accepted:2018-12-24 Published:2019-04-12 Published online:2019-01-16
  • Contact: Hong-Cheng ZHANG,Hai-Yan WEI
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Programs(2016YFD0300503);Key Research and Development Programs of Jiangsu Province(BE2016344);Key Research and Development Programs of Jiangsu Province(BE2018355);Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-01-27);Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD).

摘要:

从103个中熟常规粳稻品种(品系)中, 根据不同食味值和产量水平筛选出具有代表性的3种类型(味优高产、味优中产、味中高产), 系统比较各类型品质和产量, 以探究江淮优质食味与高产协同的品种特征。结果表明, 味优高产类型品种加工品质与味中高产类型品种无显著差异。与味中高产类型相比, 味优高产类型品种垩白粒率、垩白面积比、垩白度分别高82.06%、56.34%和93.28%, 蛋白质含量、直链淀粉含量分别低14.21%、39.78%, 胶稠度高8.73%, 消减值和回复值分别低282.11%、37.88%。在产量方面, 味优高产类型比味优中产类型高26.73%, 其高产原因主要是具有较高的每穗粒数和结实率。与味优中产类型相比, 味优高产类型单位面积穗数低22.26%, 每穗粒数与结实率分别高42.12%、6.18%, 成穗率高4.2%, 抽穗期与成熟期叶面积指数分别高5.47%、16.94%, 叶面积衰减率低7.25%, 抽穗至成熟期干物质积累量和积累比例分别高24.07%和15.50%, 着粒密度高40.33%。综上所述, 味优高产类中熟常规粳稻的特征是, 出糙率和整精米率都达国标1级; 透明度由3级至5级不等; 蛋白质含量在8%左右; 直链淀粉含量在10%左右; 胶稠度在75 mm以上; RVA谱消减值在-300 cP以下, 回复值在600 cP以下。在产量方面其单位面积穗数310万穗 hm -2左右, 每穗粒数140个左右, 抽穗后叶面积指数、干物质积累量与积累比例都能维持较高水平。

关键词: 优良食味, 高产, 中熟常规粳稻, 品种特征

Abstract:

A field experiment was conducted with 103 medium-maturity conventional japonica rice varieties (lines) including main varieties grown in Jianghuai area and released varieties in recent years with potential productivity, from which three types [good taste and high yield (GH), good taste and medium yield (GM), and medium taste and high yield (MH)] were selected to explore the characteristics of varieties with good taste and high yield in Jianghuai area. There was no significant difference in processing quality between GH type and MH type. Compared with MH type, GH type was 82.06%, 56.34%, and 93.28% higher in chalkiness rate, chalky area ratio and chalkiness, 14.21% and 39.78% lower in protein content and amylose content, 8.73% higher in gel consistency, and 282.11% and 37.88% lower in setback and consistence, respectively. The yield of GH type was 26.73% higher than that of GM type, due to large number of spikelets per panicle and high seed-setting rate. The panicles per unit land area was 22.26% lower, the number of spikelets per panicle and seed-setting rate were 42.12% and 6.18% higher, the ratio of productive tillers to total tillers was 4.2% higher in GH type than those in GM type. The LAI of GH type during heading and maturity periods was 5.47% and 16.94% higher and the decay rate of LAI was 7.25% lower than those of GM type. From heading to maturity, the dry matter accumulation and its ratio, the photosynthetic potential, the crop growth rate, the net assimilation rate and seed setting density were 24.07%, 15.50%, 17.59%, 13.96%, 3.67%, and 40.33% respectively higher in GH type than those in GM type. From above, GH type of medium-maturity conventional japonica rice has the following characteristics: the brown rice rate and the head milled rice rate reach the 1 grade of Chinese standard; the transparency is from grade 3 to grade 5; the protein content is around 8% and the amylose content is around 10%; the gel consistency is over 75 mm; the setback is below -300 cP and the consistence is below 600 cP; the number of panicles per unit land area is around 310×10 4 ha -1, and the grains number per panicle is around 140. It can keep the dry matter accumulation and the leaf area index in optimum ranges before heading period, and remain the leaf area index, the dry matter accumulation and its ratios at high levels after heading period.

Key words: high quality, high yield, medium-maturity conventional japonica rice, breed characteristic

表1

中熟常规粳稻食味值与产量的差异"

年份
Year
指标
Index
变幅大小
Variable amplitude
均值
Mean
标准差
Standard deviation
变异系数
CV(%)
2017 食味值 Taste value 30.50-71.50 52.30 7.28 13.91
产量 Yield (t hm-2) 6.08-10.25 7.85 0.94 12.01
2016 食味值 Taste value 30.0-73.00 51.67 7.43 14.38
产量 Yield (t hm-2) 5.98-10.14 7.79 1.01 12.97

表2

不同类型常规粳稻食味值的差异"

类型
Type
品种
Cultivar
食味值
Taste value
外观
Appearance
硬度
Hardness
黏度
Viscosity
平衡值
Balance degree
味优高产 徐稻9号 Xudao 9 61.0 5.5 6.9 4.9 5.2
GTHY 扬粳239 Yangjing 239 67.5 6.3 6.9 6.6 6.2
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108 68.0 6.7 6.5 6.0 6.3
平均Mean 65.5 Aa 6.2 Aa 6.8 Bb 5.8 Aa 5.9 Aa
味优中产 苏香粳3号 Suxiangjing 3 68.5 6.5 7.0 7.0 6.3
GTMY 沪早香软1号 Huzaoxiangruan 1 70.5 6.9 6.5 6.8 6.7
松早香1号 Songzaoxiang 1 67.5 6.4 6.7 6.4 6.2
平均Mean 68.8 Aa 6.6 Aa 6.7 Bb 6.7 Aa 6.4 Aa
味中高产 华粳5号 Huajing 5 49.3 3.5 8.1 3.6 3.3
MTHY 圣稻22 Shengdao 22 48.8 3.3 8.3 3.9 3.2
泗稻15 Sidao 15 44.3 2.5 8.5 2.9 2.4
平均Mean 47.5 Bb 3.1 Bb 8.3 Aa 3.5 Bb 3.0 Bb

表3

不同类型常规粳稻加工品质的差异"

类型
Type
品种
Cultivar
糙米率
Brown rice rate
精米率
Milled rice rate
整精米率
Head milled rice rate
味优高产 徐稻9号 Xudao 9 85.68 73.85 68.67
GTHY 扬粳239 Yangjing 239 85.53 73.23 69.09
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108 84.79 74.02 70.18
平均Mean 85.33 Aa 73.70 Aa 69.31 Aa
味优中产 苏香粳3号 Suxiangjing 3 84.87 73.39 59.87
GTMY 沪早香软1号 Huzaoxiangruan 1 84.10 73.28 60.92
松早香1号 Songzaoxiang 1 83.96 72.76 52.27
平均Mean 84.31 Ab 73.14 Aa 57.69 Ab
味中高产 华粳5号 Huajing 5 85.37 71.83 66.38
MTHY 圣稻22 Shengdao 22 84.86 74.06 69.94
泗稻15 Sidao 15 85.10 72.47 67.91
平均Mean 85.11 Aa 72.79 Aa 68.08 Aa

表4

不同类型常规粳稻外观品质的差异"

品种
Cultivar
长宽比
Length-width ratio

Length
(mm)

Width
(mm)
透明度
Transparency
垩白粒率
Chalkiness
grain rate (%)
垩白面积比
Chalkiness
area ratio (%)
垩白度
Chalkiness degree (%)
味优高产GTHY
徐稻9号 Xudao 9 1.88 4.79 2.55 3 52.54 57.03 23.69
扬粳239 Yangjing 239 1.66 4.71 2.78 5 74.93 74.01 27.66
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108 1.64 4.55 2.71 3 82.59 79.93 36.66
平均 Mean 1.73 Aa 4.69 Aa 2.68 Aa 3.67 Aa 71.35 Aa 68.32 Aa 29.34 Aa
品种
Cultivar
长宽比
Length-width ratio

Length
(mm)

Width
(mm)
透明度
Transparency
垩白粒率
Chalkiness
grain rate (%)
垩白面积比
Chalkiness
area ratio (%)
垩白度
Chalkiness degree (%)
味优中产 GTMY
苏香粳3号 Suxiangjing 3 2.14 4.69 2.21 3 71.42 70.31 28.15
沪早香软1号 Huzaoxiangruan 1 1.78 4.61 2.61 4 75.56 75.64 33.92
松早香1号 Songzaoxiang 1 2.41 5.49 2.28 3 70.46 70.32 26.38
平均Mean 2.11 Aa 4.89 Aa 2.37 Ab 3.33 Aa 72.48 Aa 72.09 Aa 29.48 Aa
味中高产MTHY
华粳5号 Huajing 5 1.77 4.75 2.69 2 43.36 42.73 18.38
圣稻22 Shengdao 22 1.75 4.58 2.63 2 37.31 35.54 13.82
泗稻15 Sidao 15 1.82 4.82 2.66 2 38.91 37.85 13.35
平均 Mean 1.78 Aa 4.71 Aa 2.66 Aa 2.00 Ab 39.19 Bb 43.70 Bb 15.18 Ab

表5

不同类型常规粳稻营养品质与蒸煮食味品质的差异"

类型
Type
品种
Cultivar
蛋白质含量
Protein content (%)
直链淀粉含量
Amylose content (%)
胶稠度
Gel consistency (mm)
味优高产 徐稻9号 Xudao 9 7.58 9.84 75.25
GTHY 扬粳239 Yangjing 239 8.16 8.47 78.13
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108 7.81 11.03 76.72
平均Mean 7.85 Bb 9.78 Bb 76.70 Aa
味优中产 苏香粳3号 Suxiangjing 3 8.02 9.57 76.22
GTMY 沪早香软1号 Huzaoxiangruan 1 7.45 10.43 78.76
松早香1号 Songzaoxiang 1 7.64 8.35 76.51
平均Mean 7.70 Bb 9.45 Bb 77.16 Aa
味中高产 华粳5号 Huajing 5 8.85 16.84 71.59
MTHY 圣稻22 Shengdao 22 9.23 16.51 69.67
泗稻15 Sidao 15 9.37 15.37 70.36
平均Mean 9.15 Aa 16.24 Aa 70.54 Bb

表6

不同类型常规粳稻RVA谱特征值的差异"

品种
Cultivar
峰值黏度
Peak
viscosity
(cP)
热浆黏度
Trough
viscosity
(cP)
最终黏度
Final
viscosity
(cP)
崩解值
Breakdown
(cP)
消减值
Setback
(cP)
回复值
Consistence
(cP)
峰值时间
Peak
Time
(min)
糊化温度
Pasting
temperature (℃)
味优高产GTHY
徐稻9号 Xudao 9 2050 1027 1633 1023 -417 606 5.9 68.4
扬粳239 Yangjing 239 1990 1054 1619 936 -371 565 6.0 68.0
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108 1798 876 1413 922 -385 537 5.9 65.5
平均 Mean 1946 Aa 986 Aa 1555 Aa 960 Aa -391 Bb 569 Bb 5.9 Aa 67.3Aa
味优中产 GTMY
苏香粳3号 Suxiangjing 3 1748 830 1422 918 -326 592 5.6 67.7
沪早香软1号 Huzaoxiangruan 1 1922 1033 1498 889 -424 465 5.5 69.4
松早香1号 Songzaoxiang 1 2644 1283 1893 1362 -752 610 5.8 68.8
平均Mean 2104 Aa 1048 Aa 1604 Aa 1056 Aa -500 Bb 556 Bb 5.6 Aa 68.6Aa
味中高产MTHY
华粳5号 Huajing 5 2400 1632 2608 769 208 976 6.4 68.4
圣稻22 Shengdao 22 2021 1322 2232 699 212 910 6.3 69.1
泗稻15 Sidao 15 1611 973 1836 638 225 863 6.0 73.7
平均 Mean 2010 Aa 1309 Aa 2225 Aa 702 Aa 215 Aa 916 Aa 6.2 Aab 70.4Aa

表7

不同类型常规粳稻产量及其构成因素的差异"

类型
Type
品种
Cultivar
单位面积穗数
No. of panicles
(×104 hm-2)
每穗粒数
Grains per
panicle
结实率
Seed-setting
rate (%)
千粒重
1000-grain
weight (g)
实产
Actual yield
(t hm-2)
味优高产 徐稻9号 Xudao 9 310.37 142.73 87.98 25.25 9.43
GTHY 扬粳239 Yangjing 239 308.25 140.88 91.32 25.42 9.48
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108 313.20 137.98 90.12 25.90 9.68
平均Mean 310.61 Aab 140.53 Aa 89.81 Aa 25.52 Aa 9.53 Aa
味优中产 苏香粳3号 Suxiangjing 3 475.96 88.65 84.52 22.20 7.47
GTMY 沪早香软1号Huzaoxiangruan 1 359.32 105.73 83.58 24.75 7.54
松早香1号Songzaoxiang 1 354.44 102.27 85.64 26.91 7.56
平均Mean 399.57 Aa 98.88 Bb 84.58 Ab 24.62 Aa 7.52 Bb
味中高产 华粳5号Huajing 5 309.23 150.65 89.17 23.87 9.51
MTHY 圣稻22 Shengdao 22 305.68 159.01 86.96 24.15 9.66
泗稻15 Sidao 15 302.34 148.25 87.94 25.40 9.85
平均Mean 305.75 Ab 152.64 Aa 88.02 Aab 24.47 Aa 9.67 Aa

表8

不同类型常规粳稻茎蘖数、成穗率、叶面积指数及叶面积衰减率的差异"

品种
Cultivar
拔节期茎蘖数
Number of stems and tillers at
jointing stage
成穗率
Rate of productive tillers to total
tillers (%)
叶面积指数 Leaf area index 叶面积衰减率
Decay rate of leaf area index
(LAI d-1)
拔节期
Jointing
抽穗期
Heading
成熟期Maturity
味优高产GTHY
徐稻9号 Xudao 9 422.53 72.69 3.45 6.89 2.11 0.0747
扬粳239 Yangjing 239 418.59 73.12 3.78 6.98 2.05 0.0745
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108 424.60 73.31 3.61 6.95 2.26 0.0733
平均 Mean 421.91 Aab 73.04 Aa 3.61 Aa 6.94 Aa 2.14 ABa 0.0742 Ab
味优中产 GTMY
苏香粳3号 Suxiangjing 3 611.41 70.74 3.72 6.59 1.58 0.0835
沪早香软1号 Huzaoxiangruan 1 475.01 69.81 3.67 6.53 1.91 0.0783
松早香1号 Songzaoxiang 1 468.63 69.73 3.62 6.63 2.01 0.0781
平均Mean 518.35 Aa 70.09 Bb 3.67 Aa 6.58 Bb 1.83 Bb 0.0800 Aa
味中高产MTHY
华粳5号 Huajing 5 411.25 72.20 3.58 6.99 2.29 0.0734
圣稻22 Shengdao 22 410.16 74.16 3.65 7.04 2.37 0.0741
泗稻15 Sidao 15 409.15 73.48 3.69 7.01 2.41 0.0742
平均 Mean 410.19 Ab 73.49 Aa 3.64 Aa 7.01 Aa 2.36 Aa 0.0739 Ab

表9

不同类型常规粳稻干物质积累量及比例的差异"

品种
Cultivar
移栽期至拔节期
Transplanting-Jointing
拔节期至抽穗期
Jointing-Heading
抽穗期至成熟期
Heading-Maturity
积累量
Biomass
(t hm-2)
比例
Ratio to total (%)
积累量
Biomass
(t hm-2)
比例
Ratio to total (%)
积累量
Biomass
(t hm-2)
比例
Ratio to total (%)
味优高产GTHY
徐稻9号 Xudao 9 3.36 19.86 6.66 40.17 6.56 39.57
扬粳239 Yangjing 239 3.27 18.91 6.91 40.79 6.76 39.91
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108 3.24 18.67 6.98 41.03 6.79 39.92
平均 Mean 3.29 Aa 19.15 Ab 6.85 Aa 40.67 Ab 6.70 Ab 39.80 Aa
味优中产 GTMY
苏香粳3号 Suxiangjing 3 3.55 22.43 6.86 44.23 5.10 32.88
沪早香软1号 Huzaoxiangruan 1 3.47 21.54 6.85 43.38 5.47 34.64
松早香1号 Songzaoxiang 1 3.36 21.00 6.70 42.73 5.62 35.84
平均Mean 3.46 Aa 21.66 Aa 6.80 Aa 43.45 Aa 5.40 Bc 34.46 Bb
味中高产MTHY
华粳5号 Huajing 5 3.13 17.67 6.92 39.86 6.79 39.11
圣稻22 Shengdao 22 3.48 18.98 7.34 40.85 7.15 39.79
泗稻15 Sidao 15 3.27 19.03 7.09 42.10 7.00 41.57
平均 Mean 3.29 Aa 18.94 Ab 7.12 Aa 40.94 Ab 6.98 Aa 40.16 Aa

表10

不同类型常规粳稻穗部性状的差异"

类型
Type
品种
Cultivar
穂长
Panicle length
(cm)
一次枝梗数
Number of primary branches
二次枝梗数
Number of secondary branches
着粒密度
Seed setting density
味优高产 徐稻9号 Xudao 9 16.43 12.13 25.86 8.69
GTHY 扬粳239 Yangjing 239 17.34 12.93 21.03 8.12
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108 15.55 12.62 19.80 8.87
平均Mean 16.44 Aa 12.56 Aa 22.23 Aa 8.56 Aa
味优中产 苏香粳3号 Suxiangjing 3 14.98 10.33 15.45 5.92
GTMY 沪早香软1号Huzaoxiangruan 1 15.33 12.69 15.68 6.90
松早香1号 Songzaoxiang 1 18.70 12.55 16.77 5.47
平均Mean 16.34 Aa 11.86 Aa 15.97 Aa 6.10 Bb
味中高产 华粳5号 Huajing 5 16.66 13.64 19.62 9.04
MTHY 圣稻22 Shengdao 22 17.01 11.80 24.55 9.35
泗稻15 Sidao 15 16.60 12.60 32.90 8.93
平均Mean 16.76 Aa 12.68 Aa 25.69 Aa 9.11 Aa
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