江淮优良食味高产中熟常规粳稻品种的特征

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.82040

作物学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (4): 578-588.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.82040

江淮优良食味高产中熟常规粳稻品种的特征

朱盈,徐栋,胡蕾,花辰,陈志峰,张振振,周年兵,刘国栋,张洪程(),魏海燕()

江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室 / 江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室 / 江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心, 扬州大学农学院, 江苏扬州225009

收稿日期:2018-07-14 接受日期:2018-12-24 出版日期:2019-04-12 网络出版日期:2019-01-16
通讯作者: 张洪程,魏海燕
作者简介:1004256927@qq.com
基金资助:
本研究由国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300503);江苏省重点研发计划项目(BE2016344);江苏省重点研发计划项目(BE2018355);国家现代农业产业技术体系(水稻)建设专项(CARS-01-27);江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目资助

Characteristics of medium-maturity conventional japonica rice with good taste and high yield in Jianghuai area

ZHU Ying,XU Dong,HU Lei,HUA Chen,CHEN Zhi-Feng,ZHANG Zhen-Zhen,ZHOU Nian-Bing,LIU Guo-Dong,ZHANG Hong-Cheng(),WEI Hai-Yan()

Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology / Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China

Received:2018-07-14 Accepted:2018-12-24 Published:2019-04-12 Published online:2019-01-16
Contact: Hong-Cheng ZHANG,Hai-Yan WEI
Supported by:
This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Programs(2016YFD0300503);Key Research and Development Programs of Jiangsu Province(BE2016344);Key Research and Development Programs of Jiangsu Province(BE2018355);Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-01-27);Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD).

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

从103个中熟常规粳稻品种(品系)中, 根据不同食味值和产量水平筛选出具有代表性的3种类型(味优高产、味优中产、味中高产), 系统比较各类型品质和产量, 以探究江淮优质食味与高产协同的品种特征。结果表明, 味优高产类型品种加工品质与味中高产类型品种无显著差异。与味中高产类型相比, 味优高产类型品种垩白粒率、垩白面积比、垩白度分别高82.06%、56.34%和93.28%, 蛋白质含量、直链淀粉含量分别低14.21%、39.78%, 胶稠度高8.73%, 消减值和回复值分别低282.11%、37.88%。在产量方面, 味优高产类型比味优中产类型高26.73%, 其高产原因主要是具有较高的每穗粒数和结实率。与味优中产类型相比, 味优高产类型单位面积穗数低22.26%, 每穗粒数与结实率分别高42.12%、6.18%, 成穗率高4.2%, 抽穗期与成熟期叶面积指数分别高5.47%、16.94%, 叶面积衰减率低7.25%, 抽穗至成熟期干物质积累量和积累比例分别高24.07%和15.50%, 着粒密度高40.33%。综上所述, 味优高产类中熟常规粳稻的特征是, 出糙率和整精米率都达国标1级; 透明度由3级至5级不等; 蛋白质含量在8%左右; 直链淀粉含量在10%左右; 胶稠度在75 mm以上; RVA谱消减值在-300 cP以下, 回复值在600 cP以下。在产量方面其单位面积穗数310万穗 hm ^-2左右, 每穗粒数140个左右, 抽穗后叶面积指数、干物质积累量与积累比例都能维持较高水平。

关键词: 优良食味, 高产, 中熟常规粳稻, 品种特征

Abstract:

A field experiment was conducted with 103 medium-maturity conventional japonica rice varieties (lines) including main varieties grown in Jianghuai area and released varieties in recent years with potential productivity, from which three types [good taste and high yield (GH), good taste and medium yield (GM), and medium taste and high yield (MH)] were selected to explore the characteristics of varieties with good taste and high yield in Jianghuai area. There was no significant difference in processing quality between GH type and MH type. Compared with MH type, GH type was 82.06%, 56.34%, and 93.28% higher in chalkiness rate, chalky area ratio and chalkiness, 14.21% and 39.78% lower in protein content and amylose content, 8.73% higher in gel consistency, and 282.11% and 37.88% lower in setback and consistence, respectively. The yield of GH type was 26.73% higher than that of GM type, due to large number of spikelets per panicle and high seed-setting rate. The panicles per unit land area was 22.26% lower, the number of spikelets per panicle and seed-setting rate were 42.12% and 6.18% higher, the ratio of productive tillers to total tillers was 4.2% higher in GH type than those in GM type. The LAI of GH type during heading and maturity periods was 5.47% and 16.94% higher and the decay rate of LAI was 7.25% lower than those of GM type. From heading to maturity, the dry matter accumulation and its ratio, the photosynthetic potential, the crop growth rate, the net assimilation rate and seed setting density were 24.07%, 15.50%, 17.59%, 13.96%, 3.67%, and 40.33% respectively higher in GH type than those in GM type. From above, GH type of medium-maturity conventional japonica rice has the following characteristics: the brown rice rate and the head milled rice rate reach the 1 grade of Chinese standard; the transparency is from grade 3 to grade 5; the protein content is around 8% and the amylose content is around 10%; the gel consistency is over 75 mm; the setback is below -300 cP and the consistence is below 600 cP; the number of panicles per unit land area is around 310×10 ⁴ ha ^-1, and the grains number per panicle is around 140. It can keep the dry matter accumulation and the leaf area index in optimum ranges before heading period, and remain the leaf area index, the dry matter accumulation and its ratios at high levels after heading period.

Key words: high quality, high yield, medium-maturity conventional japonica rice, breed characteristic

朱盈,徐栋,胡蕾,花辰,陈志峰,张振振,周年兵,刘国栋,张洪程,魏海燕. 江淮优良食味高产中熟常规粳稻品种的特征[J]. 作物学报, 2019, 45(4): 578-588.

ZHU Ying,XU Dong,HU Lei,HUA Chen,CHEN Zhi-Feng,ZHANG Zhen-Zhen,ZHOU Nian-Bing,LIU Guo-Dong,ZHANG Hong-Cheng,WEI Hai-Yan. Characteristics of medium-maturity conventional japonica rice with good taste and high yield in Jianghuai area[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2019, 45(4): 578-588.

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年份 Year	指标 Index	变幅大小 Variable amplitude	均值 Mean	标准差 Standard deviation	变异系数 CV(%)
2017	食味值 Taste value	30.50-71.50	52.30	7.28	13.91
	产量 Yield (t hm^-2)	6.08-10.25	7.85	0.94	12.01
2016	食味值 Taste value	30.0-73.00	51.67	7.43	14.38
	产量 Yield (t hm^-2)	5.98-10.14	7.79	1.01	12.97

类型 Type	品种 Cultivar	食味值 Taste value	外观 Appearance	硬度 Hardness	黏度 Viscosity	平衡值 Balance degree
味优高产	徐稻9号 Xudao 9	61.0	5.5	6.9	4.9	5.2
GTHY	扬粳239 Yangjing 239	67.5	6.3	6.9	6.6	6.2
	南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	68.0	6.7	6.5	6.0	6.3
	平均Mean	65.5 Aa	6.2 Aa	6.8 Bb	5.8 Aa	5.9 Aa
味优中产	苏香粳3号 Suxiangjing 3	68.5	6.5	7.0	7.0	6.3
GTMY	沪早香软1号 Huzaoxiangruan 1	70.5	6.9	6.5	6.8	6.7
	松早香1号 Songzaoxiang 1	67.5	6.4	6.7	6.4	6.2
	平均Mean	68.8 Aa	6.6 Aa	6.7 Bb	6.7 Aa	6.4 Aa
味中高产	华粳5号 Huajing 5	49.3	3.5	8.1	3.6	3.3
MTHY	圣稻22 Shengdao 22	48.8	3.3	8.3	3.9	3.2
	泗稻15 Sidao 15	44.3	2.5	8.5	2.9	2.4
	平均Mean	47.5 Bb	3.1 Bb	8.3 Aa	3.5 Bb	3.0 Bb

类型 Type	品种 Cultivar	糙米率 Brown rice rate	精米率 Milled rice rate	整精米率 Head milled rice rate
味优高产	徐稻9号 Xudao 9	85.68	73.85	68.67
GTHY	扬粳239 Yangjing 239	85.53	73.23	69.09
	南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	84.79	74.02	70.18
	平均Mean	85.33 Aa	73.70 Aa	69.31 Aa
味优中产	苏香粳3号 Suxiangjing 3	84.87	73.39	59.87
GTMY	沪早香软1号 Huzaoxiangruan 1	84.10	73.28	60.92
	松早香1号 Songzaoxiang 1	83.96	72.76	52.27
	平均Mean	84.31 Ab	73.14 Aa	57.69 Ab
味中高产	华粳5号 Huajing 5	85.37	71.83	66.38
MTHY	圣稻22 Shengdao 22	84.86	74.06	69.94
	泗稻15 Sidao 15	85.10	72.47	67.91
	平均Mean	85.11 Aa	72.79 Aa	68.08 Aa

品种 Cultivar	长宽比 Length-width ratio	长 Length (mm)	宽 Width (mm)	透明度 Transparency	垩白粒率 Chalkiness grain rate (%)	垩白面积比 Chalkiness area ratio (%)	垩白度 Chalkiness degree (%)
味优高产GTHY
徐稻9号 Xudao 9	1.88	4.79	2.55	3	52.54	57.03	23.69
扬粳239 Yangjing 239	1.66	4.71	2.78	5	74.93	74.01	27.66
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	1.64	4.55	2.71	3	82.59	79.93	36.66
平均 Mean	1.73 Aa	4.69 Aa	2.68 Aa	3.67 Aa	71.35 Aa	68.32 Aa	29.34 Aa
品种 Cultivar	长宽比 Length-width ratio	长 Length (mm)	宽 Width (mm)	透明度 Transparency	垩白粒率 Chalkiness grain rate (%)	垩白面积比 Chalkiness area ratio (%)	垩白度 Chalkiness degree (%)
味优中产 GTMY
苏香粳3号 Suxiangjing 3	2.14	4.69	2.21	3	71.42	70.31	28.15
沪早香软1号 Huzaoxiangruan 1	1.78	4.61	2.61	4	75.56	75.64	33.92
松早香1号 Songzaoxiang 1	2.41	5.49	2.28	3	70.46	70.32	26.38
平均Mean	2.11 Aa	4.89 Aa	2.37 Ab	3.33 Aa	72.48 Aa	72.09 Aa	29.48 Aa
味中高产MTHY
华粳5号 Huajing 5	1.77	4.75	2.69	2	43.36	42.73	18.38
圣稻22 Shengdao 22	1.75	4.58	2.63	2	37.31	35.54	13.82
泗稻15 Sidao 15	1.82	4.82	2.66	2	38.91	37.85	13.35
平均 Mean	1.78 Aa	4.71 Aa	2.66 Aa	2.00 Ab	39.19 Bb	43.70 Bb	15.18 Ab

类型 Type	品种 Cultivar	蛋白质含量 Protein content (%)	直链淀粉含量 Amylose content (%)	胶稠度 Gel consistency (mm)
味优高产	徐稻9号 Xudao 9	7.58	9.84	75.25
GTHY	扬粳239 Yangjing 239	8.16	8.47	78.13
	南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	7.81	11.03	76.72
	平均Mean	7.85 Bb	9.78 Bb	76.70 Aa
味优中产	苏香粳3号 Suxiangjing 3	8.02	9.57	76.22
GTMY	沪早香软1号 Huzaoxiangruan 1	7.45	10.43	78.76
	松早香1号 Songzaoxiang 1	7.64	8.35	76.51
	平均Mean	7.70 Bb	9.45 Bb	77.16 Aa
味中高产	华粳5号 Huajing 5	8.85	16.84	71.59
MTHY	圣稻22 Shengdao 22	9.23	16.51	69.67
	泗稻15 Sidao 15	9.37	15.37	70.36
	平均Mean	9.15 Aa	16.24 Aa	70.54 Bb

江淮优良食味高产中熟常规粳稻品种的特征

Characteristics of medium-maturity conventional japonica rice with good taste and high yield in Jianghuai area

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品种 Cultivar	峰值黏度 Peak viscosity (cP)	热浆黏度 Trough viscosity (cP)	最终黏度 Final viscosity (cP)	崩解值 Breakdown (cP)	消减值 Setback (cP)	回复值 Consistence (cP)	峰值时间 Peak Time (min)	糊化温度 Pasting temperature (℃)
味优高产GTHY
徐稻9号 Xudao 9	2050	1027	1633	1023	-417	606	5.9	68.4
扬粳239 Yangjing 239	1990	1054	1619	936	-371	565	6.0	68.0
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	1798	876	1413	922	-385	537	5.9	65.5
平均 Mean	1946 Aa	986 Aa	1555 Aa	960 Aa	-391 Bb	569 Bb	5.9 Aa	67.3Aa
味优中产 GTMY
苏香粳3号 Suxiangjing 3	1748	830	1422	918	-326	592	5.6	67.7
沪早香软1号 Huzaoxiangruan 1	1922	1033	1498	889	-424	465	5.5	69.4
松早香1号 Songzaoxiang 1	2644	1283	1893	1362	-752	610	5.8	68.8
平均Mean	2104 Aa	1048 Aa	1604 Aa	1056 Aa	-500 Bb	556 Bb	5.6 Aa	68.6Aa
味中高产MTHY
华粳5号 Huajing 5	2400	1632	2608	769	208	976	6.4	68.4
圣稻22 Shengdao 22	2021	1322	2232	699	212	910	6.3	69.1
泗稻15 Sidao 15	1611	973	1836	638	225	863	6.0	73.7
平均 Mean	2010 Aa	1309 Aa	2225 Aa	702 Aa	215 Aa	916 Aa	6.2 Aab	70.4Aa

类型 Type	品种 Cultivar	单位面积穗数 No. of panicles (×10⁴ hm^-2)	每穗粒数 Grains per panicle	结实率 Seed-setting rate (%)	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	实产 Actual yield (t hm^-2)
味优高产	徐稻9号 Xudao 9	310.37	142.73	87.98	25.25	9.43
GTHY	扬粳239 Yangjing 239	308.25	140.88	91.32	25.42	9.48
	南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	313.20	137.98	90.12	25.90	9.68
	平均Mean	310.61 Aab	140.53 Aa	89.81 Aa	25.52 Aa	9.53 Aa
味优中产	苏香粳3号 Suxiangjing 3	475.96	88.65	84.52	22.20	7.47
GTMY	沪早香软1号Huzaoxiangruan 1	359.32	105.73	83.58	24.75	7.54
	松早香1号Songzaoxiang 1	354.44	102.27	85.64	26.91	7.56
	平均Mean	399.57 Aa	98.88 Bb	84.58 Ab	24.62 Aa	7.52 Bb
味中高产	华粳5号Huajing 5	309.23	150.65	89.17	23.87	9.51
MTHY	圣稻22 Shengdao 22	305.68	159.01	86.96	24.15	9.66
	泗稻15 Sidao 15	302.34	148.25	87.94	25.40	9.85
	平均Mean	305.75 Ab	152.64 Aa	88.02 Aab	24.47 Aa	9.67 Aa

品种 Cultivar	拔节期茎蘖数 Number of stems and tillers at jointing stage	成穗率 Rate of productive tillers to total tillers (%)	叶面积指数 Leaf area index			叶面积衰减率 Decay rate of leaf area index (LAI d^-1)
品种 Cultivar	拔节期茎蘖数 Number of stems and tillers at jointing stage	成穗率 Rate of productive tillers to total tillers (%)	拔节期 Jointing	抽穗期 Heading	成熟期Maturity	叶面积衰减率 Decay rate of leaf area index (LAI d^-1)
味优高产GTHY
徐稻9号 Xudao 9	422.53	72.69	3.45	6.89	2.11	0.0747
扬粳239 Yangjing 239	418.59	73.12	3.78	6.98	2.05	0.0745
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	424.60	73.31	3.61	6.95	2.26	0.0733
平均 Mean	421.91 Aab	73.04 Aa	3.61 Aa	6.94 Aa	2.14 ABa	0.0742 Ab
味优中产 GTMY
苏香粳3号 Suxiangjing 3	611.41	70.74	3.72	6.59	1.58	0.0835
沪早香软1号 Huzaoxiangruan 1	475.01	69.81	3.67	6.53	1.91	0.0783
松早香1号 Songzaoxiang 1	468.63	69.73	3.62	6.63	2.01	0.0781
平均Mean	518.35 Aa	70.09 Bb	3.67 Aa	6.58 Bb	1.83 Bb	0.0800 Aa
味中高产MTHY
华粳5号 Huajing 5	411.25	72.20	3.58	6.99	2.29	0.0734
圣稻22 Shengdao 22	410.16	74.16	3.65	7.04	2.37	0.0741
泗稻15 Sidao 15	409.15	73.48	3.69	7.01	2.41	0.0742
平均 Mean	410.19 Ab	73.49 Aa	3.64 Aa	7.01 Aa	2.36 Aa	0.0739 Ab

品种 Cultivar	移栽期至拔节期 Transplanting-Jointing		拔节期至抽穗期 Jointing-Heading		抽穗期至成熟期 Heading-Maturity
品种 Cultivar	积累量 Biomass (t hm^-2)	比例 Ratio to total (%)	积累量 Biomass (t hm^-2)	比例 Ratio to total (%)	积累量 Biomass (t hm^-2)	比例 Ratio to total (%)
味优高产GTHY
徐稻9号 Xudao 9	3.36	19.86	6.66	40.17	6.56	39.57
扬粳239 Yangjing 239	3.27	18.91	6.91	40.79	6.76	39.91
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	3.24	18.67	6.98	41.03	6.79	39.92
平均 Mean	3.29 Aa	19.15 Ab	6.85 Aa	40.67 Ab	6.70 Ab	39.80 Aa
味优中产 GTMY
苏香粳3号 Suxiangjing 3	3.55	22.43	6.86	44.23	5.10	32.88
沪早香软1号 Huzaoxiangruan 1	3.47	21.54	6.85	43.38	5.47	34.64
松早香1号 Songzaoxiang 1	3.36	21.00	6.70	42.73	5.62	35.84
平均Mean	3.46 Aa	21.66 Aa	6.80 Aa	43.45 Aa	5.40 Bc	34.46 Bb
味中高产MTHY
华粳5号 Huajing 5	3.13	17.67	6.92	39.86	6.79	39.11
圣稻22 Shengdao 22	3.48	18.98	7.34	40.85	7.15	39.79
泗稻15 Sidao 15	3.27	19.03	7.09	42.10	7.00	41.57
平均 Mean	3.29 Aa	18.94 Ab	7.12 Aa	40.94 Ab	6.98 Aa	40.16 Aa

类型 Type	品种 Cultivar	穂长 Panicle length (cm)	一次枝梗数 Number of primary branches	二次枝梗数 Number of secondary branches	着粒密度 Seed setting density
味优高产	徐稻9号 Xudao 9	16.43	12.13	25.86	8.69
GTHY	扬粳239 Yangjing 239	17.34	12.93	21.03	8.12
	南粳9108 Nanjing 9108	15.55	12.62	19.80	8.87
	平均Mean	16.44 Aa	12.56 Aa	22.23 Aa	8.56 Aa
味优中产	苏香粳3号 Suxiangjing 3	14.98	10.33	15.45	5.92
GTMY	沪早香软1号Huzaoxiangruan 1	15.33	12.69	15.68	6.90
	松早香1号 Songzaoxiang 1	18.70	12.55	16.77	5.47
	平均Mean	16.34 Aa	11.86 Aa	15.97 Aa	6.10 Bb
味中高产	华粳5号 Huajing 5	16.66	13.64	19.62	9.04
MTHY	圣稻22 Shengdao 22	17.01	11.80	24.55	9.35
	泗稻15 Sidao 15	16.60	12.60	32.90	8.93
	平均Mean	16.76 Aa	12.68 Aa	25.69 Aa	9.11 Aa

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