长江中下游地区不同穗型中籼杂交稻高产群体农艺特征

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.22010

作物学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (2): 511-525.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2023.22010

长江中下游地区不同穗型中籼杂交稻高产群体农艺特征

陶士宝¹(), 柯健¹, 孙杰¹, 尹传俊¹, 朱铁忠¹, 陈婷婷¹, 何海兵¹, 尤翠翠¹, 郭爽爽², 武立权¹^,³^,^*()

¹安徽农业大学, 安徽合肥 230036
²中联智慧农业股份有限公司, 安徽芜湖 241000
³江苏省现代作物生产协同创新中心, 江苏南京 210095

收稿日期:2022-02-21 接受日期:2022-06-07 出版日期:2022-07-07 网络出版日期:2022-07-07
通讯作者: 武立权
作者简介:E-mail: 1103689375@qq.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0300904);安徽省自然科学基金项目(2008085QC119);安徽省教育厅基金重点项目(KJ2019A0176);智慧芜湖大米专家系统及农业管家的研发与应用项目(2020dx09)

High-yielding population agronomic characteristics of middle-season indica hybrid rice with different panicle sizes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River

TAO Shi-Bao¹(), KE Jian¹, SUN Jie¹, YIN Chuan-Jun¹, ZHU Tie-Zhong¹, CHEN Ting-Ting¹, HE Hai-Bing¹, YOU Cui-Cui¹, GUO Shuang-Shuang², WU Li-Quan¹^,³^,^*()

¹College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
²Zoomlion Intelligent Agriculture Co. Ltd., Wuhu 241000, Anhui, China
³Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China

Received:2022-02-21 Accepted:2022-06-07 Published:2022-07-07 Published online:2022-07-07
Contact: WU Li-Quan
Supported by:
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD0300904);National Natural Science Foundation of Anhui(2008085QC119);Key Research Fund of the Education Department of Anhui Province(KJ2019A0176);Development and Application of Wisdom Wuhu Rice Expert System and Agricultural Steward(2020dx09)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

探明长江中下游地区不同穗型中籼杂交稻产量成因及高产品种群体共性特征。以120个中籼杂交稻为材料, 于2019—2020年在安徽舒城农科所开展品种评比试验, 并根据每穗粒数排序将供试品种均分为大穗型(193~270)、中穗型(167~191)和小穗型(108~166) 3类, 比较不同穗型中籼杂交稻的产量及构成、生育进程、日产量、叶面积指数、生物量和穗型结构的差异。结果表明, 各穗型下水稻产量变幅均较大, 通过聚类分析可进一步分别分为高产、中产和低产3种类型。高日产量是不同穗型品种高产共性指标, 其中大穗型与增加叶面积指数有关, 而中、小穗型可能与促进光能转化效率有关。除日产量外, 不同穗型品种高产形成极具差异。从产量构成来看, 大穗型品种主要依靠有效穗数、每穗粒数和千粒重来增产; 中穗型品种为有效穗数和结实率; 而小穗型品种为有效穗数、每穗粒数和结实率, 这种穗型间的差异与分类方法和大穗型水稻灌浆障碍有关。从物质积累来看, 与小穗型高产品种较高的收获指数不同, 大、中穗型水稻要依靠生物量增加来提高产量。各穗型下不同产量水平的穗位枝梗分布与穗长均无显著差异。主成分分析发现, 大穗型高产品种主要表现为日产量高、生物量大、穗多粒重、叶面积指数高; 中穗型高产品种表现为日产量高、穗数多、生物量大; 而小穗型高产品种则为日产量高、收获指数大、穗粒兼顾、结实率高。总的来说, 大穗型高产品种的共性指标为: 日产量107.0 kg hm^-2 d^-1、生物量20.2 t hm^-2、有效穗数229.8 m^-2、叶面积指数6.1; 中穗型高产品种为: 日产量95.3 kg hm^-2 d^-1、有效穗数253.9 m^-2、生物量19.5 t hm^-2; 小穗型高产品种: 日产量79.6 kg hm^-2 d^-1、收获指数61.0%、有效穗数239.0 m^-2、结实率84.6%。此外, 应该根据品种穗型大小针对性进行高产氮肥管理。

关键词: 长江中下游地区, 高产中籼杂交稻, 穗型大小, 产量形成, 群体指标

Abstract:

To clarify the mechanism of yield and common characteristics of high-yielding cultivars of middle-season indica hybrid rice with different panicle sizes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the field experiments were conducted in 2019 and 2020 at Shucheng Agricultural Science Institute, Anhui province. 120 middle-season indica hybrid rice cultivars were classified into three panicle types by spikelets per panicle [large panicle size (LPS, 193-270), middle panicle size (MPS, 167-191), small panicle size (SPS, 108-166)], and their yield and yield components, growth period, daily yield, leaf area index, biomass, and panicle structure were compared. The results showed that rice yield varied across the cultivar types, irrespective of the panicle type. Cluster analysis revealed that it could be further divided into three yield types (high-yield, middle-yield, and low-yield). High daily yield was a common indicator of high yield among different panicle cultivars, LPS was associated with the increasing leaf area index, while MPS and SPS might be associated with the promoting light energy conversion efficiency. There were extremely different ways of producing high yields among panicle types, except daily yield. In yield components, the yield increasing of LPS mainly relied on the effective panicles, the spikelets per panicle, and 1000-grain weight; MPS was the effective panicle and the grain filling rate; and SPS was the effective panicle, the spikelets per panicle and the grain filling rate. This difference of panicle types was related to the classification method and the grain filling disorders of large panicle size rice. In terms of biomass, LPS and MPS cultivars were dependent on increased biomass to improve yield, but SPS high-yielding cultivars were dependent on the higher harvest index. There were no significant differences in the distribution of branches and panicle length among different yield types under each panicle type. Principal component analysis revealed that LPS high-yield cultivars were mainly characterized by higher daily yield, higher biomass, higher grain weight, more panicles, and higher leaf area index; MPS high-yield cultivars exhibited higher daily yield, more panicles, and higher biomass. However, SPS high-yield cultivars had higher daily yield, higher harvest index, more balance between panicle and spikelets, and higher grain filling rate. In general, the common indicators of LPS high-yield cultivars were daily yield 107.0 kg hm^-2 d^-1, biomass 20.2 t hm^-2, effective panicle 229.8 m^-2, leaf area index 6.1; MPS high-yield cultivars were daily yield 95.3 kg hm^-2 d^-1, effective panicle 253.9 m^-2, biomass 19.5 t hm^-2; and SPS high-yield cultivars were daily yield 79.6 kg hm^-2 d^-1, harvest index 61.0%, effective panicle 239.0 m^-2, grain filling rate 84.6%. In addition, high-yield nitrogen fertilizer management should be targeted according to the different panicle size cultivars.

Key words: the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River, high-yield middle-season indica hybrid rice, panicle size, yield composition, population indicators

陶士宝, 柯健, 孙杰, 尹传俊, 朱铁忠, 陈婷婷, 何海兵, 尤翠翠, 郭爽爽, 武立权. 长江中下游地区不同穗型中籼杂交稻高产群体农艺特征[J]. 作物学报, 2023, 49(2): 511-525.

TAO Shi-Bao, KE Jian, SUN Jie, YIN Chuan-Jun, ZHU Tie-Zhong, CHEN Ting-Ting, HE Hai-Bing, YOU Cui-Cui, GUO Shuang-Shuang, WU Li-Quan. High-yielding population agronomic characteristics of middle-season indica hybrid rice with different panicle sizes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2023, 49(2): 511-525.

图/表 16

图1

表1

不同产量类型水稻信息"

编号 No.	大穗型水稻 Large panicle size rice	编号 No.	中穗型水稻 Middle panicle size rice	编号 No.	小穗型水稻 Small panicle size rice
4	春优590 Chunyou 590	12	深两优276 Shenliangyou 276	22	云两优247 Yunliangyou 247
6	春优584 Chunyou 584	14	紫两优1392 Ziliangyou 1392	53	两优002 Liangyou 002
9	宿两优918 Suliangyou 918	20	Y两优372 Yliangyou 372	54	徽两优韵丝苗 Huiliangyouyunsimiao
31	望两优029 Wangliangyou 029	48	喜两优晶占 Xiliangyoujingzhan	59	巨两优60 Juliangyou 60
34	红两优1566 Hongliangyou 1566	55	N两优018 N liangyou 018	63	G两优345 Gliangyou 345
39	中浙优H7 Zhongzheyou H7	58	徽两优丝苗 Huiliangyousimiao	73	荃两优2118 Quanliangyou 2118
43	尤两优月牙丝苗 Youliangyouyueyasimiao	76	徽两优918 Huiliangyou 918	88	强两优6166 Qiangliangyou 6166
56	两优566 Liangyou 566	79	E两优171 E liangyou 171	136	徽两优106 Huiliangyou 106
57	喜两优丝苗 Xilaingyousimiao	87	农香优2381 Nongxiangyou 2381	137	瑞两优1578 Ruiliangyou 1578
62	未两优10号 Weiliangyou 10	90	C两优丝苗 C liangyousimiao	140	徽两优982 Huiliangyou 982
68	徽两优280 Huiliangyou 280	96	吨两优900 Dunliangyou 900	151	韵农丝苗 Yunnongsimiao
71	乾两优8号 Qianliangyou 8	101	Q两优5号 Q liangyou 5	18	两优2420 Liangyou 2420
72	创两优965 Chuangliangyou 965	109	黔丰优877 Qianfengyou 877	36	两优005 Liangyou 005
75	晶两优1686 Jingliangyou 1686	110	泷两优713 Longliangyou 713	40	兆优5455 Zhaoyou 5455
91	深两优686 Shenliangyou 686	115	恒丰优粤禾丝苗 Hengfengyouyuehesimiao	50	云两优520 Yunliangyou 520
103	晶两优8612 Jingliangyou 8612	117	晶两优1212 Jingliangyou 1212	80	荃优123 Quanyou 123
118	Q两优851 Q liangyou 851	119	冈8优316 Gang 8 you 316	97	深两优8012 Shenliangyou 8012
129	隆两优1307 Longliangyou 1307	122	荃优禾广丝苗 Quanyouheguangsimiao	98	深两优475 Shenliangyou 475
154	荃优607 Quanyou 607	125	Q两优丝苗 Q liangyousimiao	114	徽两优898 Huiliangyou 898
23	荃优153 Quanyou 153	128	荃两优069 Quanliangyou 069	120	荃优粤农丝苗 Quanyouyuenongsimiao
29	扬两优228 Yangliangyou 228	141	两优57华占 Liangyou 57 huazhan	152	绿银占 Lyuyinzhan
32	智两优5336 Zhiliangyou 5336	1	C两优粤禾丝苗 C liangyouyuehesimiao	153	两优887 Liangyou 887
45	泰两优217 Tailiangyou 217	17	深两优600 Shenliangyou 600	5	徽两优882 Huiliangyou 882
51	华中优1号 Huazhongyou 1	19	深两优868 Shenlinagyou 868	8	荃优822 Quanyou 822
67	诺两优6号 Nuoliangyou 6	25	巧两优丝苗 Qiaoliangyousimiao	13	深两优2688 Shenliangyou 2688
146	剑两优新华粘 Jianliangyouxinhuazhan	33	绿两优9871 Lyuliangyou 9871	15	两优1266 Liangyou 1266
160	荃优727 Quanyou 727	44	黄华占 Huanghuazhan	27	川优1728 Chuanyou 1728
2	Y两优900 Y liangyou 900	49	丰两优406 Fengliangyou 406	35	源两优8000 Yuanliangyou 8000
7	荃优801 Quanyou 801	69	黔丰优877 Qianfengyou 877	47	欣两优2172 Xinliangyou 2172
21	两优801 Liangyou 801	132	两优3108 Liangyou 3108	70	惠两优2919 Huiliangyou 2919
24	N两优1998 N liangyou 1998	145	垦两优801 Kenliangyou 801	74	F两优1252 F liangyou 1252
60	Y两优886 Y liangyou 886	148	春优590 Chunyou 590	93	荃9优801 Quan 9 you 801
64	徽两优鄂丰丝苗 Huiliangyouefengsimiao	16	徽两优985 Huiliangyou 985	105	E两优1453 E liangyou 1453
65	全两优鄂丰丝苗 Quanliangyouefengsimiao	30	两优391 Liangyou 391	116	徽两优1133 Huiliangyou 1133
66	徽两优香丝苗 Huiliangyouxiangsimiao	37	C两优0861 C liangyou 0861	124	徽两优粤农丝苗 Huiliangyouyuenongsimiao
83	和两优1177 Heliangyou 1177	42	星两优丝苗 Xingliangyousimiao	130	宇两优丝占 Yuliangyousizhan
85	悦两优2646 Yueliangyou 2646	82	萍两优晶丝苗 Pingliangyoujingsimiao	131	N两优012 N liangyou 012
86	荃优523 Quanyou 523	95	强两优698 Qiangliangyou 698	135	两优106 Liangyou 106
89	T两优1号 T liangyou 1	138	泓两优503 Hongliangyou 503	149	中两优538 Zhongliangyou 538
156	泰优6365 Taiyou 6365	157	C两优银华占 C liangyouyinhuazhan	161	鄂丰丝苗 Efengsimiao

表1

表2

图2

图3

图4

表3

表4

图5

图6

表5

表6

表7

表8

图7

图8

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变异来源 Source	自由度 DF	平方和 Sum of square	均方 Mean square	F值 F-value	P值 P-value
年份Year (Y)	1	36.00	19.43	86.62	0
品种 Cultivar (C)	119	2312.06	36.00	160.51	0
年份×品种 Y×C	119	15.83	0.13	0.59	1.00

穗型 Panicle size	产量类型 Yield type	有效穗数 Panicle (m^-2)	每穗粒数 Spikelets per panicle	总颖花量 Total spikelets (×10³m^-2)	结实率 Grain filling rate (%)	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)
大穗 Large-panicle	高产High-yield	229.8±29.4 a	220.9±21.3 ab	50.4±5.1 a	84.2±7.7 a	27.5±2.2 a
	中产Middle-yield	199.3±27.7 b	235.5±22.5 a	46.5±3.9 a	82.4±5.5 a	25.9±2.1 ab
	低产Low-yield	200.6±25.5 b	208.8±14.0 b	41.7±5.1 b	79.2±9.4 a	24.5±1.6 b
中穗 Middle-panicle	高产High-yield	253.9±22.4 a	178.7±7.7 a	45.3±4.2 a	88.9±2.8 a	25.2±1.3 a
	中产Middle-yield	232.3±30.5 a	176.4±7.5 a	40.9±4.8 b	84.7±6.5 ab	25.0±1.9 a
	低产Low-yield	207.6±26.9 b	176.1±7.1 a	36.5±4.8 c	81.8±8.2 b	25.4±2.1 a
小穗 Small-panicle	高产High-yield	239.0±37.6 a	155.1±8.4 a	36.8±4.4 a	84.6±6.8 a	26.1±1.7 a
	中产Middle-yield	222.3±34.8 b	144.6±17.1 a	31.8±4.3 b	80.6±7.0 a	25.3±2.4 a
	低产Low-yield	220.9±22.1 b	131.5±18.9 b	29.0±4.6 b	72.1±8.1 b	24.9±2.1 a

穗型 Panicle size	产量类型 Yield type	移栽-抽穗期 TP-HD (d)	抽穗-成熟期 HD-MS (d)	本田期 Growth duration (d)	日产量 Daily yield (kg hm^-2 d^-1)
大穗 Large-panicle	高产High-yield	72.9±3.4 a	34.6±1.2 a	107.5±3.3 a	107.0±5.5 a
	中产Middle-yield	73.5±3.7 a	32.4±2.7 a	105.8±2.6 a	92.7±5.3 b
	低产Low-yield	72.5±3.9 a	33.0±3.2 a	105.5±2.3 a	75.4±8.1 c
中穗 Middle-panicle	高产High-yield	71.5±3.6 a	35.1±1.6 a	106.5±3.7 a	95.3±7.4 a
	中产Middle-yield	72.1±3.6 a	34.1±2.0 ab	106.2±3.5 a	80.7±3.1 b
	低产Low-yield	72.7±3.2 a	33.3±1.8 b	106.0±3.1 a	70.2±7.4 c
小穗 Small-panicle	高产High-yield	69.8±8.6 a	34.7±2.8 a	104.5±8.6 a	79.6±13.2 a
	中产Middle-yield	72.1±3.4 a	33.0±2.8 a	105.1±3.7 a	60.8±4.3 b
	低产Low-yield	72.3±4.8 a	32.8±2.6 a	105.1±5.7 a	48.0±4.4 c

穗型 Panicle size	产量类型 Yield type	株高 Plant height (cm)	叶面积指数 Leaf area index
穗型 Panicle size	产量类型 Yield type	株高 Plant height (cm)	倒一叶 Top first leaf	倒二叶 Top second leaf	倒三叶 Top third leaf	倒四叶 Top fourth leaf	合计 Total
大穗 Large-panicle	高产High-yield	126.2±5.1 a	1.4±0.3 a	1.7±0.3 a	1.4±0.2 a	1.7±0.3 a	6.1±0.8 a
	中产Middle-yield	127.0±7.2 a	1.1±0.2 a	1.3±0.2 a	1.1±0.1 b	1.4±0.2 b	5.0±0.7 b
	低产Low-yield	123.7±7.9 a	1.2±0.4 a	1.5±0.5 a	1.2±0.4 ab	1.4±0.3 ab	5.3±1.5 ab
中穗 Middle-panicle	高产High-yield	117.6±7.3 a	1.3±0.2 a	1.6±0.2 a	1.3±0.2 a	1.5±0.2 a	5.7±0.6 a
	中产Middle-yield	117.6±8.0 a	1.3±0.2 a	1.5±0.3 a	1.3±0.1 a	1.5±0.1 ab	5.6±0.6 a
	低产Low-yield	120.5±8.2 a	1.2±0.4 a	1.4±0.4 a	1.2±0.3 a	1.3±0.2 b	5.1±1.2 a
小穗 Small-panicle	高产High-yield	113.6±11.6 a	1.3±0.4 a	1.4±0.4 a	1.3±0.3 a	1.4±0.3 a	5.4±1.3 a
	中产Middle-yield	116.8±10.0 a	1.2±0.3 a	1.4±0.4 a	1.2±0.3 a	1.3±0.2 a	5.0±1.1 a
	低产Low-yield	114.9±10.7 a	1.1±0.2 a	1.5±0.6 a	1.2±0.5 a	1.2±0.2 a	5.0±1.2 a

穗型 Panicle size	产量类型 Yield type	穗长 Panicle length (cm)	总一次枝梗 Total number of primary branch	上部一次枝梗数 Number of upper primary branch	中部一次枝梗数 Number of middle primary branch	下部一次枝梗数 Number of lower primary branch
大穗 Large-panicle	高产High-yield	28.6±2.6 a	12.5±2.0 a	4.0±0.6 a	4.4±0.7 a	4.0±0.6 a
	中产Middle-yield	26.9±2.5 a	12.9±2.0 a	4.3±0.7 a	4.4±0.7 a	4.3±0.7 a
	低产Low-yield	28.2±2.9 a	12.8±1.6 a	4.1±0.6 a	4.4±0.5 a	4.2±0.6 a
中穗 Middle-panicle	高产High-yield	26.0±0.8 a	11.1±1.0 a	3.6±0.4 a	3.9±0.3 a	3.6±0.4 a
	中产Middle-yield	26.4±1.4 a	11.6±0.7 a	3.7±0.2 a	4.0±0.3 a	3.8±0.4 a
	低产Low-yield	27.0±1.5 a	11.9±1.4 a	3.9±0.5 a	4.2±0.5 a	3.9±0.5 a
小穗 Small-panicle	高产High-yield	26.4±2.4 a	11.0±0.9 a	3.5±0.4 a	4.0±0.3 ab	3.5±0.4 a
	中产Middle-yield	26.6±1.9 a	11.3±1.3 a	3.6±0.4 a	4.1±0.5 a	3.6±0.5 a
	低产Low-yield	25.4±2.6 a	10.9±1.0 a	3.5±0.3 a	3.7±0.4 b	3.5±0.3 a

长江中下游地区不同穗型中籼杂交稻高产群体农艺特征

High-yielding population agronomic characteristics of middle-season indica hybrid rice with different panicle sizes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River

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穗型 Panicle size	产量类型 Yield type	总二次枝梗数 Total number of secondary branch	上部二次枝梗数 Number of the upper secondary branch	中部二次枝梗数 Number of the middle secondary branch	下部二次枝梗数 Number of the lower secondary branch
大穗 Large-panicle	高产High-yield	45.1±6.4 a	13.7±2.1 a	17.6±2.2 a	13.8±2.7 a
	中产Middle-yield	46.5±5.1 a	15.0±1.9 a	17.6±2.0 a	13.9±3.0 a
	低产Low-yield	43.3±7.3 a	14.3±3.8 a	17.0±2.3 a	12.0±2.5 a
中穗 Middle-panicle	高产High-yield	36.2±5.6 a	11.3±1.6 a	14.2±2.0 a	10.7±2.6 a
	中产Middle-yield	37.4±7.0 a	11.8±2.2 a	14.5±2.4 a	11.1±3.1 a
	低产Low-yield	37.9±6.0 a	12.0±2.2 a	15.2±2.5 a	10.7±2.4 a
小穗 Small-panicle	高产High-yield	33.0±5.6 a	10.5±1.9 a	13.4±2.5 a	9.0±2.6 a
	中产Middle-yield	32.4±6.8 a	10.5±1.9 a	13.2±2.9 a	8.7±2.6 a
	低产Low-yield	28.9±5.0 a	9.4±1.2 a	11.7±2.3 a	7.9±1.9 a

类别 Variance	主成分Principal
类别 Variance	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
大穗Large panicle
特征值Eigenvectors	3.3	2.7	1.9	1.4	0.8	0.7	0.5	0.4	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.0
贡献率Contribution rate (%)	27.3	22.6	16.1	11.9	7.0	5.8	3.9	3.4	1.6	0.1	0.0	0.0
累计贡献率Cumulative contribution rate (%)	27.3	50.0	66.1	77.9	84.9	90.7	94.6	98.1	99.7	100.0	100.0	100.0
中穗Middle panicle
特征值Eigenvectors	3.3	2.7	1.9	1.4	0.8	0.7	0.5	0.4	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.0
贡献率Contribution rate (%)	28.9	22.8	12.6	10.5	8.5	6.1	5.0	3.0	1.9	0.5	0.2	0.0
累计贡献率Cumulative contribution rate (%)	28.9	51.7	64.3	74.7	83.2	89.3	94.3	97.3	99.2	99.8	100.0	100.0
小穗Small panicle
特征值Eigenvectors	3.3	2.7	1.9	1.4	0.8	0.7	0.5	0.4	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.0
贡献率Contribution rate (%)	27.4	21.7	16.3	10.4	9.7	8.0	3.3	1.7	1.0	0.2	0.1	0.0
累计贡献率Cumulative contribution rate (%)	27.4	49.2	65.5	75.9	85.6	93.6	96.9	98.6	99.6	99.9	100.0	100.0

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