不同土壤改良措施对机械压实酸化蔗地土壤理化性质及微生物群落结构的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2020.94102

作物学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (4): 596-613.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2020.94102

不同土壤改良措施对机械压实酸化蔗地土壤理化性质及微生物群落结构的影响

罗俊¹,林兆里¹,李诗燕¹,阙友雄¹,张才芳¹,杨仔奇¹,姚坤存¹,冯景芳¹,陈建峰²,张华^1,^*()

1 福建农林大学 / 农业农村部福建甘蔗生物学与遗传育种重点实验室, 福建福州 350002
2 来宾市利拓农业服务有限公司, 广西来宾 546100

收稿日期:2019-07-19 接受日期:2019-09-26 出版日期:2020-04-12 网络出版日期:2019-10-11
通讯作者: 张华
作者简介:E-mail: sisluojun@126.com
基金资助:
本研究由福建农林大学科技创新专项(CXZX2017345);国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503119-04-01);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-17);国家甘蔗工程技术研究中心开放课题基金资助(2016-3-1);国家甘蔗工程技术研究中心开放课题基金资助(2017-2-1)

Effects of different soil improvement measures on soil physicochemical properties and microbial community structures in mechanically compacted acidified sugarcane field

LUO Jun¹,LIN Zhao-Li¹,LI Shi-Yan¹,QUE You-Xiong¹,ZHANG Cai-Fang¹,YANG Zai-Qi¹,YAO Kun-Cun¹,FENG Jing-Fang¹,CHEN Jian-Feng²,ZHANG Hua^1,^*()

1 Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
2 Lituo Agricultural Services Co. Ltd., Laibin 546100, Guangxi, China

Received:2019-07-19 Accepted:2019-09-26 Published:2020-04-12 Published online:2019-10-11
Contact: Hua ZHANG
Supported by:
This study was supported by the Science Foundation of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(CXZX2017345);the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest of China(201503119-04-01);the Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-17);the National Engineering Research Center of Sugarcane Open Fund(2016-3-1);the National Engineering Research Center of Sugarcane Open Fund(2017-2-1)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

探讨不同土壤改良措施对土壤物理性质、养分、微生物和甘蔗产量的影响, 对机械压实后酸性土壤改良策略的制定具有较为重要的意义。本研究设置添加松土精(B₂)、添加生物菌肥(B₃)、添加有机肥(B₄)、添加生石灰(B₅) 4种土壤改良处理, 以不添加土壤改良剂作为对照(B₁), 连续2个作物季对蔗地土壤物理性质、养分、微生物和甘蔗产量构成等指标进行研究。结果表明, B₄处理可显著降低土壤容重、紧实度、贯入阻力和抗剪强度, 提高土壤总孔隙度、通气孔隙度和毛孔孔隙度, 其固相容积率显著低于对照, 液相容积率显著高于对照, 土壤有机质含量、全氮含量得到显著提升, B₂、B₃处理紧实度和总孔隙度降低, 土壤物理性状得到一定改善, B₅处理土壤pH值显著提升, 土壤酸性得到改善, B₃、B₅处理土壤有效磷含量得到显著提升。4种土壤改良措施土壤细菌和真菌Shannon指数、Chao1指数和ACE指数均高于对照, 均能提升土壤耕层细菌和真菌的物种多样性和物种丰富度, 降低土壤细菌中Proteobacteria (变形菌门)和Acidobacteria (酸杆菌门)的相对丰度、真菌中Basidiomycota (担子菌门)的相对丰度, 增加细菌中Actinobacteria (放线菌)和Chloroflexi (绿弯菌门)的相对丰度、真菌中Ascomycota (子囊菌门)的相对丰度, 并改变其他真菌群落组成。4种土壤改良措施均可不同程度地提高成熟期甘蔗有效茎数和单茎重, 从而增加甘蔗产量; 效果以添加有机肥最好, 生物菌肥其次。本研究为筛选适合改良和培肥机械压实酸性土壤措施, 提高甘蔗产量提供了科学依据。

关键词: 甘蔗, 蔗地, 土壤改良, 土壤物理性状, 产量, 微生物群落结构

Abstract:

Exploring the effects of different soil improvement measures on soil physical properties, soil nutrients, soil microorganisms and sugarcane yield is of great significance to make the improvement strategy for mechanically compacted acidic soil. In the present study, four soil improvement treatments including applications of loosening soil essence (B₂), bacterial manure (B₃), organic fertilizer (B₄), and quicklime (B₅) were set up, with no soil amendment as control (B₁) to explore the physical properties, nutrients and microorganisms of soil and sugarcane yield components in two successive crop seasons. The application of organic fertilizer (B₄) significantly reduced soil bulk density, soil compactness, soil penetration resistance and shear strength resistance and significantly improved total porosity, aeration porosity and pore porosity of soil. The solid-phase volume ratio of soil was significantly lower than that of control, while the liquid-phase volume ratio of soil was significantly higher than that of control, and the organic matter content and total nitrogen of soil were also significantly improved in B₂ treatment. The soil compactness and total porosity of B₂ and B₃ treatments were reduced, improving the soil physical properties to some extent. The soil pH of B₅ treatment was significantly improved. The soil available phosphorus content of B₃ and B₅ treatments was significantly increased. The Shannon index, Chao1 index, and ACE index of soil bacteria and fungi treated with B₂, B₃, B₄, and B₅ were higher than those of the control. The four soil improvement measures improved the species diversity and richness of bacteria and fungi in tilled soil layer, reduced the relative abundance of Proteus, Acidobacteria, and basidiomycetes increased the relative abundance of Actinomycetes, Curvularia and ascomycetes, and changed the composition of other fungal communities. These four soil improvement measures improved the number of effective stems and single stem quality of sugarcane at maturity stage to varying degrees, resulting in increased yield of sugarcane. Among them, the effect of organic fertilizer was the best, and followed by that of bacterial manure. This study provides a scientific basis for screening suitable measures to improve the fertility of the mechanically compacted acidic soil, and increase sugarcane yield.

Key words: sugarcane, sugarcane field, soil improvement, soil physical properties, yield, microbial community structures

罗俊,林兆里,李诗燕,阙友雄,张才芳,杨仔奇,姚坤存,冯景芳,陈建峰,张华. 不同土壤改良措施对机械压实酸化蔗地土壤理化性质及微生物群落结构的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2020, 46(4): 596-613.

LUO Jun,LIN Zhao-Li,LI Shi-Yan,QUE You-Xiong,ZHANG Cai-Fang,YANG Zai-Qi,YAO Kun-Cun,FENG Jing-Fang,CHEN Jian-Feng,ZHANG Hua. Effects of different soil improvement measures on soil physicochemical properties and microbial community structures in mechanically compacted acidified sugarcane field[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2020, 46(4): 596-613.

图/表 9

表1

表2

不同土壤改良措施对土壤容重和紧实度的影响"

土层 Soil layer	土壤改良措施 Soil improvement measure	土壤容重 Soil bulk density (g cm^-3)		土壤紧实度 Soil compactness (N cm^-2)
土层 Soil layer	土壤改良措施 Soil improvement measure	新植 New planting	宿根 Perennial root	新植 New planting	宿根 Perennial root
0-10 cm	对照 Control (B₁)	1.06±0.10ab	1.00±0.07a	148.13±41.26a	127.69±30.31b
	松土精 Loose soil essence (B₂)	1.00±0.05ab	0.98±0.09a	124.94±32.48ab	113.45±45.04b
	生物菌肥 Biological bacterial fertilizer (B₃)	1.00±0.10abc	1.00±0.06a	109.40±26.86b	132.6±36.80ab
	有机肥 Organic fertilizer (B₄)	0.92±0.08c	0.95±0.08a	109.96±37.08b	117.86±36.70b
	生石灰Quick lime(B₅)	0.96±0.07bc	1.00±0.07a	143.52±29.88a	167.64±50.30a
10-20 cm	对照 Control (B₁)	1.23±0.13a	1.12±0.11a	268.80±73.23a	176.25±63.21b
	松土精 Loose soil essence (B₂)	1.19±0.09a	1.07±0.08a	261.47±54.62ab	170.79±39.58b
	生物菌肥 Biological bacterial fertilizer (B₃)	1.19±0.11a	1.07±0.09a	207.39±38.46b	222.87±72.20ab
	有机肥 Organic fertilizer (B₄)	1.06±0.14b	1.02±0.10a	207.01±53.73b	172.84±60.37b
	生石灰Quick lime(B₅)	1.20±0.12a	1.05±0.11a	290.92±75.30a	260.81±68.30a
20-30 cm	对照 Control (B₁)	1.37±0.10a	1.29±0.08ab	344.48±61.46b	301.88±30.72bc
	松土精 Loose soil essence (B₂)	1.34±0.13ab	1.24±0.11ab	331.18±65.45ab	298.68±33.66bc
	生物菌肥 Biological bacterial fertilizer (B₃)	1.37±0.10a	1.31±0.12a	302.69±44.68b	338.14±56.94ab
	有机肥 Organic fertilizer (B₄)	1.24±0.10b	1.17±0.16b	324.72±60.68b	257.20±35.27c
	生石灰Quick lime(B₅)	1.37±0.11a	1.32±0.14a	392.03±59.28a	348.55±64.48a
30-40 cm	对照 Control (B₁)	1.36±0.10ab	1.36±0.09ab	330.36±77.54ab	328.53±47.43a
	松土精 Loose soil essence (B₂)	1.30±0.17ab	1.34±0.11ab	304.68±61.70b	317.03±51.17a
	生物菌肥 Biological bacterial fertilizer (B₃)	1.38±0.11a	1.35±0.07ab	310.43±66.98b	342.33±46.47a
	有机肥 Organic fertilizer (B₄)	1.24±0.13b	1.29±0.09b	323.96±64.28ab	327.11±17.38a
	生石灰Quick lime(B₅)	1.33±0.10ab	1.38±0.07a	382.35±39.98a	356.09±76.84a
平均	对照 Control (B₁)	1.25±0.17a	1.19±0.17a	272.94±100.74b	233.59±99.48c
Average	松土精 Loose soil essence (B₂)	1.21±0.18a	1.16±0.17a	255.57±98.67bc	224.99±103.00c
	生物菌肥 Biological bacterial fertilizer (B₃)	1.23±0.19a	1.18±0.18a	232.48±95.32c	258.98±104.29b
	有机肥 Organic fertilizer (B₄)	1.11±0.18b	1.11±0.17b	241.41±106.12c	218.76±93.23c
	生石灰Quick lime (B₅)	1.22±0.19a	1.19±0.20a	302.20±114.55a	283.27±102.00a
F值	土层Soil layer (A)	256.15^**	246.90^**	189.36^**	185.77^**
F-value	土壤改良措施Soil improvement measures (B)	21.93^**	9.16^**	12.02^**	11.95^**
	A×B	0.435	0.59	0.88	0.83

表2

表3

不同土壤改良措施对土壤贯入阻力和抗剪强度的影响"

土层 Soil layer	土壤改良措施 Soil improvement measure	贯入阻力 Penetration resistance (kPa)		抗剪强度 Shear strength resistance (kg cm^-2)
土层 Soil layer	土壤改良措施 Soil improvement measure	新植 New planting	宿根 Perennial root	新植 New planting	宿根 Perennial root
0-10 cm	对照 Control (B₁)	13.53±4.74a	10.38±5.85ab	0.12±0.04b	0.07±0.02b
	松土精 Loose soil essence (B₂)	13.29±5.69a	9.38±4.55ab	0.11±0.03bc	0.07±0.03b
	生物菌肥 Biological bacterial fertilizer (B₃)	8.90±3.48b	11.97±5.69ab	0.09±0.02bc	0.08±0.02b
	有机肥 Organic fertilizer (B₄)	8.33±3.46b	7.02±5.09b	0.08±0.02c	0.06±0.02b
	生石灰Quick lime (B₅)	15.13±5.83a	13.58±4.46a	0.15±0.04a	0.11±0.02a
10-20 cm	对照 Control (B₁)	25.63±8.46ab	20.39±4.01b	0.26±0.09ab	0.17±0.05ab
	松土精 Loose soil essence (B₂)	23.13±6.11ab	19.32±7.13b	0.23±0.06abc	0.16±0.06b
	生物菌肥 Biological bacterial fertilizer (B₃)	20.50±5.84b	24.53±10.30ab	0.21±0.08bc	0.21±0.11ab
	有机肥 Organic fertilizer (B₄)	19.53±6.30b	20.13±6.50b	0.17±0.07c	0.15±0.06b
	生石灰Quick lime (B₅)	28.25±8.45a	30.15±7.65a	0.29±0.08a	0.23±0.07a
20-30 cm	对照 Control (B₁)	58.17±7.89ab	41.19±8.28bc	0.47±0.05ab	0.32±0.06bc
	松土精 Loose soil essence (B₂)	58.89±9.56ab	35.54±11.00c	0.46±0.06ab	0.31±0.06bc
	生物菌肥 Biological bacterial fertilizer (B₃)	54.41±6.74b	48.51±9.71ab	0.44±0.06bc	0.35±0.06ab
	有机肥 Organic fertilizer (B₄)	51.27±11.39b	35.47±9.34c	0.40±0.06c	0.27±0.05c
	生石灰Quick lime (B₅)	65.95±8.42a	53.55±12.17a	0.50±0.06a	0.39±0.05a
土层 Soil layer	土壤改良措施 Soil improvement measure	贯入阻力 Penetration resistance (kPa)		抗剪强度 Shear strength resistance (kg cm^-2)
土层 Soil layer	土壤改良措施 Soil improvement measure	新植 New planting	宿根 Perennial root	新植 New planting	宿根 Perennial root
30-40 cm	对照 Control (B₁)	61.17±7.66a	50.10±8.45b	0.51±0.04ab	0.41±0.05a
	松土精 Loose soil essence (B₂)	59.30±9.32a	51.28±8.90b	0.47±0.06b	0.38±0.06a
	生物菌肥 Biological bacterial fertilizer (B₃)	59.95±6.02a	56.89±10.99ab	0.52±0.05ab	0.43±0.06a
	有机肥 Organic fertilizer (B₄)	59.54±8.78a	54.86±6.47ab	0.49±0.06b	0.39±0.05a
	生石灰Quick lime (B₅)	64.32±5.88a	60.79±10.14a	0.56±0.05a	0.43±0.06a
平均	对照 Control (B₁)	39.62±21.95b	30.52±17.55c	0.34±0.17b	0.24±0.14b
Average	松土精 Loose soil essence (B₂)	38.65±22.53bc	28.88±18.54c	0.32±0.17b	0.23±0.14b
	生物菌肥 Biological bacterial fertilizer (B₃)	35.94±22.91cd	35.48±20.70b	0.31±0.19b	0.27±0.16a
	有机肥 Organic fertilizer (B₄)	34.67±23.22d	29.37±19.51c	0.28±0.18c	0.22±0.13b
	生石灰Quick lime (B₅)	43.41±23.84a	39.52±21.12a	0.37±0.18a	0.29±0.14a
F值	土层Soil layer (A)	880.72^**	234.91^**	587.98^**	497.5^**
F-value	土壤改良措施Soil improvement measures (B)	13.63^**	10.10^**	14.67^**	15.47^**
	A×B	0.64	1.20	0.83	0.68

表3

表4

不同土壤改良措施对土壤孔隙度的影响"

土层/土壤改良措施 Soil layer/soil improvement measure	土壤孔隙度 Soil porosity		毛管孔隙度 Capillary porosity		通气孔隙度 Ventilation porosity
土层/土壤改良措施 Soil layer/soil improvement measure	新植 New planting	宿根 Perennial root	新植 New planting	宿根 Perennial root	新植 New planting	宿根 Perennial root
0-10 cm
对照 Control (B₁)	60.10±3.67c	62.16±2.62a	36.90±4.01b	37.75±3.33ab	23.20±4.62b	24.41±3.89a
松土精 Loose soil essence (B₂)	62.25±2.02bc	62.86±3.47a	37.19±3.55ab	36.34±3.71b	25.07±2.82ab	26.52±3.01a
生物菌肥 Biological bacterial fertilizer (B₃)	62.45±3.74abc	62.22±2.42a	36.94±3.56b	37.93±3.48ab	25.51±4.86ab	24.30±3.57a
有机肥 Organic fertilizer (B₄)	65.34±3.04a	64.33±3.02a	40.47±3.72a	40.34±3.28a	24.87±3.49ab	23.99±3.07a
生石灰Quick lime (B₅)	63.73±2.50ab	62.22±2.60a	36.05±2.93b	38.16±3.42ab	27.68±3.38a	24.06±5.15a
10-20 cm
对照 Control (B₁)	53.71±4.92b	57.69±4.22a	38.08±3.06b	40.95±3.68a	15.63±6.47a	16.74±2.90a
松土精 Loose soil essence (B₂)	55.17±3.33b	59.78±3.17a	40.81±2.70ab	39.53±4.04a	14.37±3.42a	20.26±2.51a
土层/土壤改良措施 Soil layer/soil improvement measure	土壤孔隙度 Soil porosity		毛管孔隙度 Capillary porosity		通气孔隙度 Ventilation porosity
土层/土壤改良措施 Soil layer/soil improvement measure	新植 New planting	宿根 Perennial root	新植 New planting	宿根 Perennial root	新植 New planting	宿根 Perennial root
生物菌肥 Biological bacterial fertilizer (B₃)	55.18±4.33b	59.56±3.49a	40.04±2.93ab	42.06±2.97a	15.14±4.54a	17.50±2.74a
有机肥 Organic fertilizer (B₄)	60.07±5.29a	61.40±3.87a	42.01±4.94a	42.86±4.03a	18.06±4.72a	18.55±4.55a
生石灰Quick lime (B₅)	54.72±4.62b	60.39±4.29a	38.79±2.68ab	41.02±3.01a	15.93±4.82a	19.37±4.12a
20-30 cm
对照 Control (B₁)	48.12±3.90b	51.24±3.18ab	38.68±4.26a	39.80±2.60b	9.44±2.50ab	11.43±4.68a
松土精 Loose soil essence (B₂)	49.58±5.01ab	53.34±4.26ab	39.45±3.99a	40.00±3.49b	10.14±3.78ab	13.34±2.83a
生物菌肥 Biological bacterial fertilizer (B₃)	48.36±3.92b	50.64±4.52b	40.25±2.45a	40.62±2.21b	8.11±2.42b	10.02±3.41a
有机肥 Organic fertilizer (B₄)	53.28±3.78a	55.76±6.07a	41.49±3.87a	43.50±3.04a	11.78±2.56a	12.27±4.70a
生石灰Quick lime (B₅)	48.45±4.32b	50.24±5.11b	38.91±3.31a	40.07±2.86b	9.54±3.69ab	10.17±4.21a
30-40 cm
对照 Control (B₁)	48.85±3.74ab	48.72±3.21ab	39.22±3.01a	40.21±2.06a	9.63±2.63ab	8.50±2.59a
松土精 Loose soil essence (B₂)	50.94±6.35ab	49.62±3.96ab	40.37±3.43a	40.74±3.20a	10.57±3.78ab	8.88±2.51a
生物菌肥 Biological bacterial fertilizer (B₃)	48.05±4.20b	48.92±2.73ab	40.29±2.11a	40.73±1.48a	7.76±2.98b	8.19±1.64a
有机肥 Organic fertilizer (B₄)	53.08±4.92a	51.46±3.37a	42.24±3.10a	42.03±2.09a	10.84±2.59a	9.43±2.26a
生石灰Quick lime (B₅)	49.69±3.70ab	48.06±2.60b	41.42±3.16a	40.04±1.72a	8.28±2.79ab	8.02±2.21a
平均Average
对照 Control (B₁)	52.69±6.60b	54.95±6.28b	38.22±4.04b	39.68±3.05b	14.48±7.38b	15.27±7.13b
松土精 Loose soil essence (B₂)	54.49±6.73b	56.40±6.53b	39.46±3.38b	39.15±3.89b	15.03±7.09ab	17.25±7.27a
生物菌肥 Biological bacterial fertilizer (B₃)	53.51±7.21b	55.33±6.73b	39.38±3.26b	40.33±3.04b	14.13±8.20b	15.00±7.14b
有机肥 Organic fertilizer (B₄)	57.94±6.75a	58.24±6.59a	41.56±4.20a	42.18±3.53a	16.39±6.93a	16.06±6.96ab
生石灰Quick lime (B₅)	54.15±7.25b	55.22±7.38b	38.79±3.78b	39.82±3.49b	15.36±8.83ab	15.41±8.00b
F值F-value
土层Soil layer (A)	255.89^**	246.85^**	17.18^**	26.38^**	161.94^**	362.57^**
土壤改良措施 Soil improvement measures (B)	21.91^**	9.17^**	11.58^**	13.84^**	1.81	3.51^*
A×B	0.43	0.59	0.48	0.43	1.09	0.59

表4

表5

不同土壤改良措施对土壤三相容积率的影响"

土层/土壤改良措施 Soil layer/soil improvement measure	固相容积率 Solid volume (%)		液相容积率 Liquid volume (%)		气相容积率 Gas volume (%)
土层/土壤改良措施 Soil layer/soil improvement measure	新植 New planting	宿根 Perennial root	新植 New planting	宿根 Perennial root	新植 New planting	宿根 Perennial root
0-10 cm
对照 Control (B₁)	39.90±3.67a	37.84±2.62a	21.46±2.67a	18.24±3.38ab	38.64±2.71a	43.92±2.89a
松土精 Loose soil essence (B₂)	37.75±2.02ab	37.14±3.47a	22.05±3.67a	19.84±2.61ab	40.21±2.08a	43.02±2.59a
生物菌肥 Biological bacterial fertilizer (B₃)	37.55±3.74abc	37.78±2.42a	21.19±2.83a	17.22±2.90b	41.25±2.08a	45.00±2.53a
有机肥 Organic fertilizer (B₄)	34.66±3.04c	35.67±3.02a	24.03±3.84a	21.01±2.43a	41.32±1.47a	43.32±2.68a
生石灰Quick lime (B₅)	36.27±2.50bc	37.78±2.60a	22.80±2.90a	17.44±3.30b	40.93±4.05a	44.78±4.45a
10-20 cm
对照 Control (B₁)	46.29±4.92a	42.31±4.22a	23.29±2.45b	20.30±3.60b	30.42±5.70a	37.40±4.19a
松土精 Loose soil essence (B₂)	44.83±3.33a	40.22±3.17a	23.77±3.76b	21.92±2.81ab	31.40±4.56a	37.86±1.26a
生物菌肥 Biological bacterial fertilizer (B₃)	44.82±4.33a	40.44±3.49a	22.69±3.12b	20.27±2.38b	32.49±5.16a	39.29±4.53a
有机肥 Organic fertilizer (B₄)	39.93±5.29b	38.60±3.87a	27.15±4.43a	23.24±2.21a	32.92±5.69a	38.16±3.60a
生石灰Quick lime (B₅)	45.28±4.62a	39.61±4.29a	24.00±2.89b	21.05±1.71ab	30.72±3.91a	39.34±4.79a
20-30 cm
对照 Control (B₁)	51.88±3.90a	48.77±3.18ab	22.91±5.14a	22.61±2.58ab	25.21±2.16a	28.63±3.94a
松土精 Loose soil essence (B₂)	50.42±5.01ab	46.66±4.26ab	23.42±5.19a	23.14±2.89ab	26.17±3.03a	30.21±3.43a
生物菌肥 Biological bacterial fertilizer (B₃)	51.64±3.92a	49.36±4.52a	23.04±3.13a	22.05±2.21b	25.32±3.43a	28.59±3.83a
有机肥 Organic fertilizer (B₄)	46.72±3.78b	44.24±6.07b	26.91±5.14a	24.74±2.51a	26.37±2.72a	31.02±4.60a
生石灰Quick lime (B₅)	51.55±4.32a	49.77±5.11a	23.46±4.46a	21.11±2.85b	24.99±3.69a	29.13±4.42a
30-40 cm
对照 Control (B₁)	51.15±3.74ab	51.28±3.21ab	24.81±4.46a	23.12±2.91a	24.03±2.42a	25.60±3.05a
松土精 Loose soil essence (B₂)	49.06±6.35ab	50.38±3.96ab	25.80±6.65a	23.94±4.00a	25.15±1.65a	25.69±3.35a
生物菌肥 Biological bacterial fertilizer (B₃)	51.95±4.20a	51.09±2.73ab	24.84±3.58a	22.07±2.78a	23.21±2.76a	26.85±2.34a
有机肥 Organic fertilizer (B₄)	46.92±4.92b	48.54±3.37b	28.31±5.84a	24.98±3.01a	24.76±2.46a	26.48±2.18a
生石灰Quick lime (B₅)	50.31±3.70ab	51.94±2.60a	26.11±4.72a	22.19±2.58a	23.58±3.25a	25.87±1.69a
平均Average
对照 Control (B₁)	47.31±6.60a	45.05±6.28a	23.12±4.17b	21.06±3.65bc	29.57±6.89b	33.89±8.18a
松土精 Loose soil essence (B₂)	45.51±6.73a	43.60±6.53a	23.76±5.01b	22.21±3.41b	30.73±6.91ab	34.19±7.32a
生物菌肥 Biological bacterial fertilizer (B₃)	46.49±7.21a	44.67±6.73a	22.94±3.35b	20.40±3.29c	30.57±8.06ab	34.93±8.38a
有机肥 Organic fertilizer (B₄)	42.06±6.75b	41.76±6.59b	26.60±5.11a	23.49±2.92a	31.34±7.37a	34.74±7.42a
生石灰Quick lime (B₅)	45.85±7.25a	44.78±7.38a	24.09±4.19b	20.45±3.41c	30.06±8.03ab	34.78±8.78a
F值F-value
土层Soil layer (A)	255.88^**	246.85^**	70.82^**	106.19^**	501.98^**	467.34^**
土壤改良措施Soil improvement measures (B)	21.91^**	9.17^**	54.61^**	36.52^**	3.32^*	1.11
A×B	0.43	0.59	0.10	0.26	0.43	0.60

表5

表6

表7

图1

表8

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土壤改良处理 Soil amelioration treatment	实施方案 Implementation plan	N-K-P (kg hm^-2)	总投入水平 Total input level (Yuan hm^-2)
对照 Control (B₁)	基肥51% (17-17-17), 复合肥769 kg hm^-2 Base fertilizer 51% (17-17-17), compound fertilizer 769 kg hm^-2	130.73-130.73-130.73	2475
松土精 Loose soil essence (B₂)	基肥51% (17-17-17), 复合肥769 kg hm^-2, 增施高分子生物聚合物松土精9.23 kg hm^-2 Base fertilizer 51% (17-17-17), compound fertilizer 769 kg hm^-2, additional application of macromolecule biopolymer loosening soil essence 9.23 kg hm^-2	130.73-130.73-130.73	3150
生物菌肥 Biological bacterial fertilizer (B₃)	基肥51% (17-17-17), 复合肥769 kg hm^-2, 增施有效活菌数 ≥ 50亿 g^-1的生物菌肥30.8 kg hm^-2 Base fertilizer 51% (17-17-17), compound fertilizer 769 kg hm^-2, additional biological fertilizer with effective living bacteria number ( > 5 billion g^-1) 30.8 kg hm^-2	130.73-130.73-130.73	3525
有机肥 Organic fertilizer (B₄)	基肥51% (17-17-17), 复合肥461 kg hm^-2, 增施有机质 ≥ 56%, N-P-K (2.6-4.1-3.5)有机肥1277 kg hm^-2 Base fertilizer 51% (17-17-17), compound fertilizer 461 kg hm^-2, additional application of organic matter (>56%) and N-P-K (2.6-4.1-3.5) organic fertilizer 1277 kg hm^-2	112.31-130.73-123.08	4410
生石灰 Quick lime (B₅)	基肥51% (17-17-17), 复合肥769 kg hm^-2, 增施生石灰1569 kg hm^-2 Base fertilizer 51% (17-17-17), compound fertilizer 769 kg hm^-2, additional application of quicklime 1569 kg hm^-2	130.73-130.73-130.73	2925

作物季/土壤改良措施 Crop season/soil improvement measure	pH值 pH value	有机质含量 Organic matter (g kg^-1)	全氮含量 Total nitrogen (g kg^-1)	有效磷含量 Available phosphorus (mg kg^-1)	速效钾含量 Available potassium (mg kg^-1)
新植New planting
对照 Control (B₁)	3.57±0.13c	24.11±4.12ab	1.01±0.13ab	97.84±10.67bc	194.70±76.77a
松土精 Loose soil essence (B₂)	3.76±0.25abc	24.74±2.64ab	1.02±0.17ab	138.84±78.99abc	205.80±74.75a
生物菌肥 Biological bacterial fertilizer (B₃)	3.72±0.05bc	23.64±3.49b	1.01±0.17ab	152.01±57.51ab	229.38±79.64a
有机肥 Organic fertilizer (B₄)	3.78±0.13ab	27.83±2.91a	1.17±0.14a	83.31±20.77c	202.40±68.44a
生石灰 Quick lime (B₅)	3.94±0.14a	22.60±4.14b	0.91±0.04b	162.69±125.10a	224.42±82.59a
宿根Perennial root
对照 Control (B₁)	3.63±0.03b	23.05±2.35b	1.51±0.23ab	188.62±55.87ab	181.23±37.84a
松土精 Loose soil essence (B₂)	3.67±0.08b	25.80±3.81b	1.46±0.30ab	160.38±51.33ab	183.65±55.33a
生物菌肥 Biological bacterial fertilizer (B₃)	3.65±0.06b	24.47±4.80b	1.50±0.23ab	210.69±70.20a	202.57±42.20a
有机肥 Organic fertilizer (B₄)	3.68±0.08b	29.21±1.98a	1.60±0.17a	151.84±41.74b	205.88±59.27a
生石灰 Quick lime (B₅)	5.44±1.04a	24.36±4.42b	1.42±0.20b	192.48±86.61ab	228.48±109.51a

作物季 Crop season	土壤改良措施 Soil improvement measure	细菌Bacteria			真菌Fungus
作物季 Crop season	土壤改良措施 Soil improvement measure	Shannon	Chao1	ACE	Shannon	Chao1	ACE
新植 New planting	对照 Control (B₁)	7.55	1147.60	1150.41	5.20	738.15	759.55
	松土精 Loose soil essence (B₂)	8.12	1351.72	1373.42	6.18	872.67	883.80
	生物菌肥 Biological bacterial fertilizer (B₃)	8.26	1312.21	1347.08	6.87	747.16	763.55
	有机肥 Organic fertilizer (B₄)	8.26	1379.46	1381.89	6.29	915.97	915.18
	生石灰Quick lime (B₅)	8.07	1264.90	1293.00	6.54	836.45	860.54
宿根 Perennial root	对照 Control (B₁)	7.05	889.40	893.31	5.03	543.11	556.02
	松土精 Loose soil essence (B₂)	7.02	1020.05	1028.39	7.20	825.94	823.88
	生物菌肥 Biological bacterial fertilizer (B₃)	6.95	1769.44	1185.88	6.17	737.33	710.86
	有机肥 Organic fertilizer (B₄)	7.37	1016.00	1005.66	7.15	768.67	779.98
	生石灰Quick lime (B₅)	6.97	1029.07	1049.07	7.21	795.11	788.68

作物季 Crop season	土壤改良措施 Soil improvement measure	茎蘖数 Stem tiller number (stem hm^-2)	株高 Plant height (cm)	茎径 Stem diameter (cm)	单茎重 Single stem weight (kg stem^-1)	有效茎数 Effective stem number (stem hm²)	蔗产量 Cane yield (t hm^-2)	蔗糖分 Sucrose content (%)
新植 New planting	对照 Contrast (B₁)	89966±7912b	230.67±11.53d	2.61±0.09a	1.24±0.09c	63664±5254c	78.65±9.18c	12.72±0.65a
	松土精 Loose soil essence (B₂)	91276±14324ab	247.42±10.01b	2.67±0.14a	1.38±0.16ab	64007±2097bc	88.53±10.19b	13.14±0.86a
	生物菌肥 Biological bacterial fertilizer (B₃)	93539±9303ab	257.25±8.13a	2.68±0.07a	1.45±0.10a	64263±4328bc	93.15±6.65ab	13.45±0.79a
	有机肥 Organic fertilizer (B₄)	102710±8543ab	252.00±8.21b	2.70±0.09a	1.43±0.10a	67170±4888ab	96.65±11.78a	12.86±0.86a
	生石灰Quick lime(B₅)	104100±12170a	241.08±3.73c	2.63±0.09a	1.31±0.09b	69736±4739a	91.21±6.78ab	13.32±0.80a
宿根 Perennial root	对照 Contrast (B₁)	65415±5403b	245.01±15.86c	2.75±0.08b	1.45±0.15c	40576±1788c	58.94±7.05c	13.93±1.56a
	松土精 Loose soil essence (B₂)	64345±7518b	263.14±14.71b	2.83±0.04ab	1.66±0.10b	49341±838b	81.71±4.05b	14.31±0.97a
	生物菌肥 Biological bacterial fertilizer (B₃)	74765±4236a	284.10±10.22a	2.90±0.04a	1.88±0.08a	55327±3716a	103.87±7.97a	14.64±0.77a
	有机肥 Organic fertilizer (B₄)	71148±4715ab	282.74±10.50a	2.93±0.07a	1.90±0.15a	54771±2538a	104.23±9.29a	14.45±0.92a
	生石灰Quick lime(B₅)	67895±9782ab	259.87±8.95b	2.88±0.11a	1.69±0.13b	47802±2126b	80.71±5.53b	14.81±0.86a

不同土壤改良措施对机械压实酸化蔗地土壤理化性质及微生物群落结构的影响

Effects of different soil improvement measures on soil physicochemical properties and microbial community structures in mechanically compacted acidified sugarcane field

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