作物学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (6): 914-923.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2020.94141
GUO Xue-Min(),ZHAO Xiao-Man,XU Ke,WANG Xin-Rui,ZHANG Chen-Yu,DONG-FANG Yang
摘要:
本文通过萌发法、分离法、石蜡切片法和显微观察技术, 分别以番红固绿和希夫试剂染色, 系统观察了蓖麻种皮、胚乳和胚的结构及其维管束分布。(1)蓖麻种子背侧基部的种孔并未被种阜所覆盖。(2)种皮包括外种皮、内种皮和种阜3部分, 其中, 外种皮由外至内分别为长柱状表皮层、海绵组织层和栅栏组织层, 而内种皮则依次为马氏层、海绵组织层和内珠被内层, 在种阜端由内种皮内层和外层共同围成气室, 类似于鸡蛋的气室。(3)在外种皮和内种皮中均有维管束分布, 其中外种皮的大型维管束仅分布在种子腹侧种脊的海绵组织层内, 它从种脐延伸至种阜相对一端; 而内种皮维管束也分布在海绵组织层中, 通过维管束索, 逐级分枝, 止于种阜端气室边缘; 内、外种皮的维管束通过合点端的连接点相连续, 共同构成种皮维管系统。(4)种阜由表皮和薄壁组织构成, 其中薄壁组织由外侧小型薄壁细胞和内侧大型薄壁细胞构成。种阜维管束仅2束, 分布在种阜中部腹侧, 独立构成种阜维管系统; 在种阜中, 还有种阜管道, 其内端开口于内种皮的气室, 外端为盲端。(5)胚乳由含大量糊粉粒的薄壁细胞构成, 其中未见维管束分布。在胚中, 维管束为外韧维管束, 它们分化于胚轴, 从胚轴顶端两侧分别进入2片子叶主脉, 在主脉中由4个逐步减少为1个, 在子叶中分枝变细, 构成胚维管系统; 子叶表皮和叶肉细胞中均含糊粉粒, 但在胚芽、胚轴和胚根中未见糊粉粒; 2片子叶近轴面分离, 远轴面则通过粘液层与胚乳相连接; 胚轴和胚根在空间上与胚乳分离。这些结果为全面掌握植物蓖麻种子的结构和研究种子发育和萌发过程及其物质运输提供了解剖学依据。
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