小麦籽粒钙元素含量的研究进展

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.01045

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

提高矿物质营养元素含量正在成为世界主要粮食作物的重要研究方向和育种目标。钙元素是人体必需的矿物质元素, 在人类骨骼形成和新陈代谢中发挥着重要作用。全球约35亿人缺钙, 缺钙已成为影响人类健康的国际性重大问题。主食是一种最优安全的矿物质元素补充途径。小麦是我国乃至全世界主要粮食作物, 是全球35%~40%人口主要的食物来源, 是摄入钙的主要来源, 是矿物质元素生物强化的重要作物。通过遗传改良方法提高小麦籽粒钙元素含量被认为是解决缺钙最经济、有效、可持续的措施, 目前已引起了国内外学者的高度关注。本文综述了近年来小麦籽粒钙元素含量的研究进展, 主要包括籽粒钙含量的遗传差异、影响因素以及与相关性状关系、调控机理。此外, 我们还提出了将来进行钙营养强化小麦研究的方向, 此研究内容为加快通过主粮实现有效补钙、倡导健康营养的膳食模式、满足由“量”的需求向“质”的需求转变的粮食安全、改善国民健康状况以及减少因缺钙造成的经济损失提供了解决方案。

关键词: 小麦, 籽粒钙含量, 钙营养强化

Abstract:

Increasing the mineral content is becoming the important research direction and major target for crops breeding in the world. Calcium is an essential mineral element for human health and plays a pivotal role in skeletogenesis and metabolism. It is estimated that about 3.5 billion people was suffered from calcium deficiencies. Calcium deficiency has become a major international problem harming human health. The staple food is an optimal and safe way to mineral supplement. Wheat, one of the main food crops in China and even in the world, is the main source of food for 35%-40% of global population, a main source for human’s calcium intake as well as an important crop of mineral element biofortification. Improving the calcium content in wheat grains through genetic improvement is considered to be the most economical, effective and sustainable measure to solve the calcium deficiency, which has aroused great concern from international scholars. This paper summarized the recent advances in the study of calcium content in wheat grains, mainly including the genetic variation, affecting factors, the relationship with related traits and regulation mechanism of calcium content in grain. Furthermore, we also put forward the direction of future research on calcium-fortified wheat, which provides solutions for accelerating the effective calcium supplementation through staple food, promoting the healthy and nutritious dietary pattern, ensuring the food security to meet the transition from “quantitative” to “qualitative” demands, improving people’s health, and reducing economic losses caused by calcium deficiency.

Key words: wheat, calcium content in grain, calcium fortification

刘玉秀, 黄淑华, 王景琳, 张正茂. 小麦籽粒钙元素含量的研究进展[J]. 作物学报, 2021, 47(2): 187-196.

LIU Yu-Xiu, HUANG Shu-Hua, WANG Jing-Lin, ZHANG Zheng-Mao. Research advance on calcium content in wheat grains[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2021, 47(2): 187-196.

图/表 1

表1

小麦籽粒钙含量QTL的汇总"

染色体 Chr.	位置 Position (cM or bp)	标记名称 Molecular marker or interval marker	群体 Population	参考文献 References
1A	31.7 ± 26.7	gwm3083	RILs群体RILs population	Peleg et al.^[73]
4A	28.7 ± 2.4	gwm610
6A	106.9 ± 20.2	wPt-0139
2B	86.5 ± 6.9	wPt-6576
4B	88.1 ± 9.7	wPt-9393
5B	54.2 ± 5.9	gwm371
6B	22.6 ± 28.1	wPt-11506
6B	145.4 ± 20.7	gwm219
7B	23.0 ± 7.8	gwm263
1A	10.1-10.9	P3156.2-WMC59	DHs群体DHs population	Shi et al.^[74]
2A	15.7-16.6	WMC27.2-P5166.2
7B	0-9.7	P1123.2-Xgwm611
2D	1.5-20.8	WMC41-WMC170
2A^a	64.3	RAC875_c24517_558, Kukri_c40035_258, AX-94881950, AX-94850365, AX-94560505, AX-94544896, AX-94404038	自然群体Natural population	Alomari et al.^[30]
2A^a	66.6	BS00049644_51, AX-95169653, AX-94940052, AX-94536561
3A^a	109	RFL_Contig1175_354
5A^a	117.7	wsnp_Ex_c20899_30011827, AX-95077733
5A^a	115.5	RAC875_c8642_231
6A^a	37.3	wsnp_Ex_c17575_26300030, wsnp_Ex_c17575_26299925, Tdurum_contig62141_496, Kukri_rep_c104648_439, Kukri_c35661_63, AX-94415776
5B^a	75.5	GENE-0168_7
5B^a	78.7	RAC875_c30011_426, BS00062731_51
5B^a	100.9	AX-94547820, AX-94452355
5B^a	101.7	AX-94541836
5B^a	103.2	AX-94644169
5B^a	149.8	snp_CAP8_c1210_739429, CAP7_c5481_96
5D^a	167	Jagger_c8037_96
染色体 Chr.	位置 Position (cM or bp)	标记名称 Molecular marker or interval marker	群体 Population	参考文献 References
3A	593702925	S3A_593702925	人工合成六倍体小麦群体 A population of synthetic hexaploid wheat	Bhatta et al.^[21]
6A	50345873	S6A_50345873
6A	592562315	S6A_592562315
7A	34297426	S7A_34297426
1B	6867825	S1B_6867825
2B	502127437	S2B_502127437
3B	548275272	S3B_548275272
3B	655010350	S3B_655010350
6B	109760004	S6B_109760004
6B	32333184	S6B_32333184
6B	576856920	S6B_576856920
6B	658724336	S6B_658724336
2D	631996199	S2D_631996199
3D	45073985	S3D_45073985

表1

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