作物学报 ›› 2015, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (11): 1711-1725.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2015.01711
孟天瑶2,许俊伟2,邵子彬2,葛梦婕2,张洪程1,2,*,魏海燕1,2,戴其根1,2,霍中洋1,2,许轲1,2,郭保卫1,2,荆培培2
MENG Tian-Yao2,XU Jun-Wei2,SHAO Zi-Bin2,GE Meng-Jie2,ZHANG Hong-Cheng1,2,*,WEI Hai-Yan1,2,DAI Qi-Gen1,2,HUO Zhong-Yang1,2,XU Ke1,2,GUO Bao-Wei1,2,JING Pei-Pei2
摘要:
以长江下游地区大面积种植的4种类型(籼粳杂交稻、常规粳稻、杂交粳稻和杂交籼稻)水稻品种中有代表性的品种为材料, 设置6个氮肥水平(0、187.5、225.0、262.5、300.0、337.5 kg hm-2),比较研究其氮肥群体最高生产力及其产量构成、关键生育阶段天数、主要生育时期的叶面积指数和干物重。结果表明: (1)杂交籼稻获得最高生产力对应的施氮量为225.0~262.5 kg hm-2, 常规粳稻为300.0 kg hm-2, 杂交粳稻和籼粳杂交稻为262.5~300 kg hm-2。(2)氮肥群体最高生产力以籼粳杂交稻最高, 达12.2 (12.0~12.3) t hm-2,较杂交粳稻、常规粳稻和杂交籼稻分别高出6.6%、9.8%和19.6% (两年平均值)。群体颖花量和每穗粒数均以籼粳杂交稻最高, 但其每穗粒数年度间波动较大。穗数和结实率以常规粳稻最高。(3)播种至抽穗期天数以杂交粳稻最长, 抽穗至成熟期天数则以籼粳杂交稻最长, 达60 d左右。全生育期天数呈杂交粳稻>常规粳稻>籼粳杂交稻>杂交籼稻。两年中日产量以籼粳杂交稻最高。(4) 籼粳杂交稻在抽穗、抽穗后20 d和成熟期的叶面积指数和干物重均显著高于另外3种类型品种, 且抽穗至成熟期的干物质积累量也最高。此外, 籼粳杂交稻在拔节至抽穗期以及抽穗至成熟期的光合势显著高于另外3种类型品种。较多的每穗粒数、较长的灌浆期天数以及较高的日产量、生育后期(抽穗至成熟期)较强的光合物质生产能力是籼粳杂交稻氮肥群体最高生产力形成的重要原因和基础。
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