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作物学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (11): 1725-1732.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.01725

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同种植年限对枸杞根系及土壤环境的影响

胥生荣1,3,张恩和1,*(),马瑞丽1,3,王琦2,刘青林1,崔佳佳1   

  1. 1 甘肃农业大学农学院, 甘肃兰州 730070
    2 甘肃农业大学草业学院, 甘肃兰州 730070
    3 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所 / 青海省青藏高原特色生物资源研究重点实验室, 青海西宁 810008
  • 收稿日期:2017-10-16 接受日期:2018-08-20 出版日期:2018-11-12 网络出版日期:2018-09-06
  • 通讯作者: 张恩和
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由国家自然科学基金项目(31560380);青海省青藏高原特色生物资源研究重点实验室开放课题(2017-ZJ-Y10)

Effects of Planting Years on the Root System and Soil Environment of Lycium barbarum L.

Sheng-Rong XU1,3,En-He ZHANG1,*(),Rui-Li MA1,3,Qi WANG2,Qing-Lin LIU1,Jia-Jia CUI1   

  1. 1 College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
    2 College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
    3 Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences / Qinghai Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Biological Resources, Xining 810008, Qinghai, China
  • Received:2017-10-16 Accepted:2018-08-20 Published:2018-11-12 Published online:2018-09-06
  • Contact: En-He ZHANG
  • Supported by:
    The study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31560380);the Open Project of Qinghai Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Biological Resources Grant(2017-ZJ-Y10)

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摘要：

宁夏枸杞是西北干旱地区重要的经济作物, 为了进一步明确不同种植年限枸杞根系及土壤环境的动态变化, 以不同种植年限‘宁杞1号’苗木及其根际土壤为试验材料, 研究枸杞根系生理特性以及土壤酶活性、有机碳、微生物数量和多样性等根际土壤理化特性的变化规律。结果表明, 随着种植年限的增加, 根系比导率先逐渐增大, 种植5年开始逐年减小; 根系活力逐渐减小, 根系相对电导率逐渐增大, 虽然7年生植株根系相对电导率减小, 但减小程度不显著; 根围0~150 cm深处土壤平均含水量在前5年内逐渐增大, 种植7年地块60 cm以上浅层土壤水分显著降低; 根围0~100 cm深处土壤孔隙度不断减小; 土壤微生物总量趋于上升, 其中, 土壤细菌和真菌数量趋于上升, 放线菌数量变化不显著; 土壤微生物平均颜色变化率(AWCD)逐年降低, Shannon指数(H)和丰富度指数(S)变化趋势相对一致, 为先下降后上升; 土壤有机碳活性逐渐下降, 虽然种植5年地块的LFOC活性和种植7年地块的DOC活性有小幅上升, 但总体趋势一致; 土壤脱氢酶活性相对稳定, 没有出现显著的增大或降低; 土壤磷酸酶活性一直处于增大趋势; 土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶、多酚氧化酶以及土壤蔗糖酶活性变化趋势相对一致, 均先减小后增大。综合分析表明, 随着种植年限的增加, 土壤活性、肥力和土壤微生物多样性降低, 土壤微环境对根系生物活性的毒害作用增大; 根系生存环境的变化使根系活性降低, 影响枸杞根系导水率和植株对土壤的水分利用。

关键词: 枸杞, 土壤酶, 土壤微生物, 有机碳, 根系

Abstract:

In order to clarify the dynamic change of root system, in Lycium barbarum L., a main commercial crop distributed in arid land of northwestern China, and soil environment under different planting-years, physiological characteristic of root system, soil enzyme activity, organic carbon, soil microbial quantity and diversity, physical and chemical properties of the rhizosphere soil were monitored for ‘Ningqi 1’ seedlings for five treatments, different continuous cropping years (1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 years). With the increase of planting fixed number of years, the special hydraulic conductivity of roots (Ks, root) increased first and then decreased, the activity of roots remarkably decreased, the relative electric conductivity of roots gradually increased, the relative electric conductivity of root system began to decrease after planting seven years, but the reduction was not significant. The average moisture content of the soil 0-150 cm deep increased in the first five years, and declined after the planting five years, in particular, showed more effect to soil moisture above 60 cm deep. The average soil average porosity in 0-100 cm layer decreased with the increase of planting fixed number of years; the amount of soil rhizosphere microorganism increased, in this case, the number of soil bacteria and fungi increased, and the number of actinomyces did not have significant changes The soil rhizosphere microorganism average well color development (AWCD) decreased with the increase of planting fixed number of years, Shannon index (H) and Richness index (S) decreased firstly and then increased. The soil total organic carbon (TOC) activity decreased with the increase of planting fixed number of years, although light fraction organic carbon (LFOC) activity of planting five years and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) activity of planting seven years had slight rise, their general trend was consistent. The soil dehydrogenase activity was relatively stable, there was no significant change, the soil phosphatase activity increased, urease, catalase, polyphenol oxidase, and sucrase activity had similar changing trend, all of them decreasing first and then increasing. These results suggest that soil activity, fertility and microorganism diversity are decreased with the increase of planting fixed number of years, the toxic effect of soil microenvironment on the biological activity of root system in increased, meanwhile, the root system activity, hydraulic conductivity and water efficiency of soil are decreased by the changes of root system living environment.

Key words: Lycium barbarum L., soil enzyme, soil microorganism, organic carbon, root system

表1

种植年限对根系理化性质的影响"

种植年限
Planting year		 根系比导率
Specific conductivity of root (Ks,root) (kg MPa-1 m-2 s-1)		 根系活力
Activity of root
(μg g-1 h-1)		 根系相对电导率
Relative electric conductivity of root (%)
1年 One year 1.32±0.125 b 482.3±34.5 a 29.4±1.39 d
3年 Three years 1.49±0.201 a 451.7±19.1 b 34.9±2.56 c
5年 Five years 1.40±0.093 ab 449.2±27.3 b 35.7±2.62 bc
7年 Seven years 1.25±0.119 b 426.9±20.5 c 36.9±3.29 a
10年 Ten years 1.16±0.241 c 419.3±14.4 c 36.6±2.84 a

图1

不同种植年限对0~100 cm孔隙度(A)及0~150 cm土壤含水量(B)的影响"

表2

种植年限对根际土壤微生物数量和多样性的影响"

种植年限
Planting year		 细菌
Bacterium
(×106 CFU g-1)		 真菌
Fungi
(×106 CFU g-1)		 放线菌Actinomyces
(×106 CFU g-1)		 微生物总量Total
(×106 CFU g-1)		 平均颜色
变化率
AWCD		 香浓指数Shannon index (H) 丰富度指数
Richness index (S)
1年 One year 28.37±1.31 d 3.99±0.19 d 5.27±0.26 b 37.63±1.47 c 0.78 a 3.13 a 27 a
3年 Three years 30.95±0.93 c 4.83±0.23 c 4.73±0.16 c 40.51±1.14 b 0.73 ab 3.11 a 26 a
5年 Five years 35.16±2.09 a 5.26±0.11 b 5.98±0.24 a 46.40±2.31 a 0.68 b 2.96 b 21 b
7年 Seven years 32.81±1.52 b 6.72±0.21 a 5.16±0.15 b 44.69±1.80 a 0.66 b 3.05 ab 24 a
10年 Ten years 30.19±0.45 c 6.53±0.25 a 5.62±0.17 ab 42.14±0.99 b 0.65 b 3.03 ab 23 ab

图2

种植年限对根际土壤TOC、POC、LFOC、ROC、DOC和MBC含量的影响"

图3

种植年限对根际土壤酶活性的影响"

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