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作物学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (11): 1713-1724.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.01713

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

外源生长调节物质对甜高粱种子萌发过程中盐分胁迫的缓解效应及其生理机制

朱广龙1,宋成钰2,于林林2,陈许兵2,智文芳2,刘家玮2,焦秀荣1,周桂生1,2,*()   

  1. 1 扬州大学农业科技发展研究院 / 教育部农业与农产品安全国际合作联合实验室, 江苏扬州 225009
    2 扬州大学江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心, 江苏扬州 225009
  • 收稿日期:2017-11-21 接受日期:2018-08-20 出版日期:2018-11-12 网络出版日期:2018-09-04
  • 通讯作者: 周桂生
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由江苏省重点研发计划项目(BE2016345);江苏省农业自主创新资金项目(cx[16]1005-5);江苏省高校自然科学基金项目(17KJB210008)

Alleviation Effects of Exogenous Growth Regulators on Seed Germination of Sweet Sorghum under Salt Stress and Its Physiological Basis

Guang-Long ZHU1,Cheng-Yu SONG2,Lin-Lin YU2,Xu-Bing CHEN2,Wen-Fang ZHI2,Jia-Wei LIU2,Xiu-Rong JIAO1,Gui-Sheng ZHOU1,2,*()   

  1. 1 Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University / Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
    2 Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology in Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2017-11-21 Accepted:2018-08-20 Published:2018-11-12 Published online:2018-09-04
  • Contact: Gui-Sheng ZHOU
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Jiangsu Province(BE2016345);the Agricultural Independent Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(cx[16]1005-5);the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(17KJB210008)

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摘要：

盐渍化土壤中盐胁迫是作物种子萌发和生长发育的主要限制因子, 探究盐分胁迫下提高种子萌发率的技术及机制对开发利用盐碱地有重要意义。本文以不同耐盐能力的高粱品种国甜2011和国甜106为材料, 研究了盐分对甜高粱种子萌发期生长过程的影响, 并比较了耐盐性差异。以耐盐性弱的国甜106为试材, 探究盐分胁迫下不同生长调节物质[γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)、赤霉素(GA3)、激动素(KT)和水杨酸(SA)]对甜高粱种子吸水萌发过程中生长特性的调节效应。表明, 盐分胁迫显著抑制种子的吸水萌发, 降低种子的吸水速率、发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数, 增加种子的相对盐害率和丙二醛(MDA)含量。外源生长调节物质可有效缓解盐害, 显著增加种子的吸水率、发芽率、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量, 提高SOD (超氧化物岐化酶)、POD (过氧化物酶)、CAT (过氧化氢酶)的活性, 促进K +、Ca 2+、Mg 2+离子的吸收, 降低Na +和MDA含量。外源生长调节物质主要是通过提高保护酶活性、渗透调剂物质含量和维持体内离子平衡来提高耐盐性。GA3和GABA对盐害的缓解效应较好, 而KT促进种子对Mg 2+的吸收效果较好。本研究表明外源生长调节物质(尤其是 GA3和 GABA)可用于盐碱地高粱生产, 为减轻盐碱地对高粱的盐碱胁迫提供了理论依据。

关键词: 甜高粱, 盐胁迫, 外源生长调节物质, 种子萌发, 生理特性

Abstract:

Salinity is a major abiotic constraint affecting crop seed germination and growth. It is vital to exploit and utilize salinity soil by exploring the technologies for promoting seed germination under salt stress. In this experiment, two contrasting sorghum genotypes (Guotian 2011 and Guotian 106) were used to study the salt stress (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mmol L -1 NaCl solution) effect on seed germination, and different concentrations of exogenous growth substances of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), gibberellin (GA3), kinetin (KT), and salicylic acid (SA) were used to regulate seed germination on salt-sensitive sorghum genotype Guotian 106. The seed germination was significantly inhibited under salt stress. Water uptake rate, germination potential, germination rate, germination index all decreased under salt stress, but relative salt damage rate and MDA (malondialdehyde) prominently increased in salinity condition. Exogenous growth regulators could effectively relieve the salt stress. With applied the exogenous growth substances, the seed uptake rate, germination rate, contact of soluble sugar and soluble protein, activities of SOD (superoxide dismutase), POD (peroxidase), and CAT (catalase) were all significantly increased, the absorption of K +, Ca 2+, and Mg 2+ enhanced in the same time, but the contents of Na + and MDA decreased. Overall, GA3 and GABA performed a better alleviating effect on salt stress, KT showed positive effect on promoting Mg 2+ absorption. These results suggested that the exogenous growth substances (especially GA3 and GABA) can be applicated in sorghum production under salt condition, laying a foundation for improving and utilizing saline soil.

Key words: sweet sorghum, salt stress, exogenous growth regulators, seed germination, physiological characteristics

图1

不同盐分浓度处理对甜高粱种子吸水速率的影响GT2011: 国甜2011; GT106: 国甜106。"

表1

甜高粱品种在不同盐分处理下的种子发芽势、发芽率和发芽指数"

盐分浓度
Salt concentration
(mmol L-1)		 国甜2011 Guotian 2011 国甜106 Guotian 106
发芽势Germination energy (%) 发芽率
Germination rate (%)		 发芽指数
Germination index		 发芽势
Germination energy (%)		 发芽率
Germination rate (%)		 发芽指数
Germination index
0 80 a 88 a 53 a 78 a 85 a 51 bc
50 79 a 84 a 53 ab 74 b 80 b 49 c
100 48 b 60 b 35 d 39 c 45 c 29 e
150 25 c 32 c 19 f 17 d 21 d 16 g
200 15 d 21 d 11 g 9 e 13 e 6 h
平均值Mean 49 57 34 43 49 30

表2

不同盐分浓度胁迫下甜高粱种子的相对盐害率"

品种
Genotype		 盐分浓度
Salt concentration (mmol L-1)		 相对盐害率 Relative salt stress rate (%)
12 h 24 h 36 h 48 h 60 h 72 h
国甜2011 50 26 d 5 d 2 d 0 d 4 d 2 d
Guotian 2011 100 59 c 35 c 34 c 28 c 36 c 40 c
150 78 b 60 b 65 b 69 b 68 b 69 b
200 81 a 78 a 84 a 83 a 83 a 82 a
国甜106 50 28 d 10 d 8 d 3 d 5 d 6 d
Guotian 106 100 61 c 67 c 48 c 46 c 48 c 51 c
150 89 b 82 b 80 b 78 b 77 b 79 b
200 94 a 89 a 87 a 89 a 89 a 89 a

表3

不同盐分胁迫下甜高粱种子中MDA含量"

盐分处理
Salt treatment
(mmol L-1)		 MDA含量 MDA content (μmol g-1 FW)
国甜2011
Guotian 2011		 国甜106
Guotian 106
0 2.3 e 3.9 e
50 3.6 d 5.4 d
100 4.0 c 6.2 c
150 5.3 b 8.3 b
200 5.7 a 8.6 a
平均值Mean 4.2 6.5

表4

不同外源生长调节物质对不同盐分浓度下甜高粱种子吸水率影响的方差分析"

变异来源
Source of variation		 F值 F-value
0-4 h 4-8 h 8-16 h 16-24 h 24-36 h 36-48 h
盐分浓度 Salt concentration (SC) ns ns 3.68* 6.07** 23.30** 19.315**
生长调节物质 Exogenous growth regulators (EGR) 107.71** 121.47** 105.49** 180.52** 2544.96** 1361.21**
生长调节物质×盐分浓度 SC×EGR ns ns ns ns 3.52** ns

表5

不同外源生长调节物质对不同盐分浓度下甜高粱种子吸水率的影响"

盐分浓度
Salt stress
(mmol L-1 )		 生长调节物质
Exogenous growth regulator		 吸水率Water uptake rate (%)
0-4 h 4-8 h 8-16 h 16-24 h 24-36 h 36-48 h
0 0 12.64 b 21.91 b 28.70 c 52.08 b 67.7 c 78.20 b
KT 12.80 b 25.60 ab 29.44 bc 54.87 b 71.2 ab 83.75 a
GA3 13.84 a 28.79 ab 41.05 a 66.26 a 74.1 a 84.89 a
SA 12.85 b 27.43 ab 37.50 ab 56.09 b 72.0 b 84.21 a
GABA 13.44 ab 27.98 a 39.11 a 58.14 ab 73.4 ab 84.73 a
平均值Mean 13.03 26.34 35.16 57.49 71.7 83.16
50 0 13.33 a 23.50 a 30.83 b 52.95 b 71.5 b 81.83 b
KT 13.67 a 26.78 a 30.79 b 55.04 b 72.5 ab 84.58 a
GA3 13.85 a 29.25 a 42.06 a 67.60 a 75.3 a 86.03 a
SA 13.73 a 28.90 a 37.57 a 56.37 b 72.8 ab 85.51 a
GABA 13.79 a 28.97 a 40.77 a 58.97 b 73.8 ab 85.74 a
平均值Mean 13.68 27.48 36.41 58.19 73.2 84.74
100 0 8.41 a 14.35 b 17.11 a 28.64 a 41.9 a 43.73 c
KT 10.34 a 16.54 a 17.60 a 30.21 a 42.6 a 44.70 bc
GA3 11.46 a 17.16 a 18.30 a 32.98 a 44.4 a 48.60 a
SA 10.61 a 16.62 a 17.67 a 30.24 a 43.0 a 46.43 abc
GABA 11.41 a 17.06 a 17.97 a 32.68 a 43.6 a 47.03 ab
平均值Mean 10.45 16.34 17.73 30.95 43.1 46.10
150 0 4.08 a 6.87 b 9.48 a 22.61 c 25.2 d 27.15 a
KT 5.13 a 6.99 b 9.77 a 23.59 c 32.3 c 35.10 a
GA3 5.85 a 8.83 a 10.21 a 28.89 a 35.6 a 38.19 a
SA 5.49 a 7.15 b 9.78 a 27.20 b 33.8 b 36.52 a
GABA 5.62 a 8.24 ab 9.92 a 27.87 ab 34.8 ab 37.45 a
平均值Mean 5.23 7.62 9.83 26.03 32.3 34.88

表6

不同生长调节物质对不同盐分浓度下甜高粱发芽率影响的方差分析"

变异来源
Source of variation		 F值 F-value
12 h 24 h 36 h 48 h 60 h 72 h
盐分浓度 Salt concentration (SC) 72.45** 20.61** 35.79** 55.47** 78.56** 30.29**
生长调节物质 Exogenous growth regulators (EGR) 303.91** 1586.50** 3397.20** 6028.48** 7744.33** 6326.75**
生长调节物质×盐分浓度 SC×EGR 7.37** ns ns ns ns 2.57*

图2

外源生长调节物质对不同盐分浓度下甜高粱种子发芽率的影响 KT: 激动素; GA3: 赤霉素; SA: 水杨酸; GABA: γ-氨基丁酸。"

表7

不同外源生长调节物质对盐分胁迫下甜高粱种子内渗透调节物质影响的方差分析"

变异来源
Source of variation		 F值 F-value
MDA 含量
MDA content
(μmol g-1 FW)		 可溶性蛋白含量
Content of soluble protein
(mg g-1 FW)		 可溶性糖含量
Content of soluble sugar
(mg g-1 FW)
盐分浓度 Salt concentration (SC) 2.33** 92.30** 110.61**
生长调节物质 Exogenous growth regulators (EGR) ns 310.16** 128.91**
生长调节物质×盐分浓度 SC×EGR ns 13.29** 2.56*

表8

不同外源生长调节物质对盐分胁迫下甜高粱种子渗透调节物质含量的影响"

盐分浓度
Salt concentration
(mmol L-1 )		 生长调节物质
Exogenous growth regulator		 渗透调节物质含量 Content of osmotic adjustment substance
MDA
(μmol g-1 FW)		 可溶性蛋白
Soluble protein (mg g-1 FW)		 可溶性糖
Soluble sugar (mg g-1 FW)
0 0 29.0 a 3.53 d 12.72 c
KT 26.2 b 6.60 c 12.74 c
GA3 21.1 c 7.23 c 17.09 b
SA 12.4 d 8.75 b 25.26 a
GABA 7.6 e 14.09 a 25.42 a
平均值Mean 19.3 8.04 18.65
50 0 32.6 a 4.21 c 14.66 e
KT 30.7 b 6.97 b 16.79 d
GA3 29.2 b 7.78 b 20.80 c
SA 14.8 c 14.57 a 28.60 b
GABA 11.4 d 14.43 a 30.21 a
平均值Mean 23.7 9.59 22.21
100 0 32.3 a 4.63 d 19.21 e
KT 15.5 b 8.55 c 21.10 d
GA3 13.6 b 8.61 c 25.61 c
SA 32.7 a 21.38 a 40.51 a
GABA 31.5 a 15.23 b 35.40 b
Mean 25.1 11.68 28.37
150 0 35.3 a 8.44 b 23.78 d
KT 17.7 b 23.69 a 42.95 b
GA3 33.4 a 8.55 b 48.27 a
SA 32.6 a 9.30 b 27.33 c
GABA 17.2 b 21.66 a 28.52 c
平均值Mean 27.2 14.33 34.17

表9

盐分胁迫下不同生长调节物质对甜高粱种子抗氧化酶活性的影响"

盐分浓度
Salt concentration
(mmol L-1)		 生长调节物质
Exogenous growth regulator		 酶活性 Enzyme activity (U g-1 FW)
SOD POD CAT
0 0 31.35 e 257.98 d 251.04 c
KT 40.94 d 287.47 c 267.88 b
GA3 51.35 c 361.24 b 271.99 b
SA 62.02 b 534.74 a 437.42 a
GABA 72.60 a 540.22 a 439.85 a
平均值Mean 51.65 396.33 333.64
50 0 41.56 c 343.57 e 323.38 c
KT 49.98 c 372.75 d 323.83 c
GA3 63.51 b 455.42 c 335.06 b
SA 77.53 a 586.33 a 464.59 a
GABA 81.56 a 549.64 b 471.70 a
平均值Mean 62.83 461.54 383.71
100 0 15.38 e 185.61 e 199.89 e
KT 27.55 d 211.66 b 213.30 d
GA3 43.78 b 318.92 c 245.10 c
SA 62.20 a 450.79 a 298.31 b
GABA 31.13 c 395.49 b 361.51 a
平均值Mean 36.01 312.49 263.62
150 0 10.80 c 120.92 e 153.75 e
KT 50.22 a 223.88 c 193.73 c
GA3 20.64 b 271.57 b 178.00 d
SA 24.15 b 298.78 a 231.31 a
GABA 28.99 b 185.78 d 212.83 b
平均值Mean 26.96 220.19 193.92

表10

盐分胁迫下不同生长调节物质对甜高粱种子离子含量的影响"

盐分浓度
Salt concentration
(mmol L-1)		 生长调节物质
Exogenous growth regulator		 离子含量 Ions content (mg g-1)
Na+ K+ Ca2+ Mg2+
0 0 2.85 a 1.96 c 0.15 d 0.50 c
KT 2.57 b 1.99 c 0.18 b 0.62 a
GA3 2.56 b 2.03 b 0.18 b 0.53 b
SA 2.22 c 2.08 b 0.16 c 0.53 b
GABA 2.09 d 2.13 a 0.20 a 0.54 b
平均值Mean 2.55 2.04 0.17 0.54
50 0 3.70 a 1.88 c 0.12 c 0.47 d
KT 3.47 b 1.96 b 0.14 b 0.55 a
GA3 3.36 c 1.99 ab 0.14 b 0.49 c
SA 3.24 d 2.04 a 0.14 b 0.51 bc
GABA 3.12 e 2.03 a 0.16 a 0.52 b
平均值Mean 3.38 1.98 0.14 0.51
100 0 4.75 a 1.87 c 0.11 c 0.46 d
KT 4.61 b 1.97 ab 0.12 b 0.52 a
GA3 4.50 c 2.00 a 0.13 a 0.48 b
SA 4.34 d 1.93 b 0.12 b 0.47 c
GABA 4.23 e 1.96 ab 0.12 b 0.47 c
平均值Mean 4.49 1.95 0.12 0.48
150 0 5.83 a 1.80 d 0.09 d 0.43 c
KT 5.47 c 1.85 c 0.10 c 0.47 a
GA3 5.21 d 1.95 a 0.12 a 0.45 b
SA 5.65 b 1.89 b 0.10 c 0.45 b
GABA 5.17 d 1.93 ab 0.11 b 0.46 ab
平均值Mean 5.47 1.88 0.10 0.45
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