作物学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (11): 1725-1732.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.01725
胥生荣1,3,张恩和1,*(),马瑞丽1,3,王琦2,刘青林1,崔佳佳1
Sheng-Rong XU1,3,En-He ZHANG1,*(),Rui-Li MA1,3,Qi WANG2,Qing-Lin LIU1,Jia-Jia CUI1
摘要:
宁夏枸杞是西北干旱地区重要的经济作物, 为了进一步明确不同种植年限枸杞根系及土壤环境的动态变化, 以不同种植年限‘宁杞1号’苗木及其根际土壤为试验材料, 研究枸杞根系生理特性以及土壤酶活性、有机碳、微生物数量和多样性等根际土壤理化特性的变化规律。结果表明, 随着种植年限的增加, 根系比导率先逐渐增大, 种植5年开始逐年减小; 根系活力逐渐减小, 根系相对电导率逐渐增大, 虽然7年生植株根系相对电导率减小, 但减小程度不显著; 根围0~150 cm深处土壤平均含水量在前5年内逐渐增大, 种植7年地块60 cm以上浅层土壤水分显著降低; 根围0~100 cm深处土壤孔隙度不断减小; 土壤微生物总量趋于上升, 其中, 土壤细菌和真菌数量趋于上升, 放线菌数量变化不显著; 土壤微生物平均颜色变化率(AWCD)逐年降低, Shannon指数(H)和丰富度指数(S)变化趋势相对一致, 为先下降后上升; 土壤有机碳活性逐渐下降, 虽然种植5年地块的LFOC活性和种植7年地块的DOC活性有小幅上升, 但总体趋势一致; 土壤脱氢酶活性相对稳定, 没有出现显著的增大或降低; 土壤磷酸酶活性一直处于增大趋势; 土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶、多酚氧化酶以及土壤蔗糖酶活性变化趋势相对一致, 均先减小后增大。综合分析表明, 随着种植年限的增加, 土壤活性、肥力和土壤微生物多样性降低, 土壤微环境对根系生物活性的毒害作用增大; 根系生存环境的变化使根系活性降低, 影响枸杞根系导水率和植株对土壤的水分利用。
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