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作物学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (12): 2471-2480.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.02083

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

盐胁迫对水稻颖花形成及籽粒充实的影响

韦还和1(), 张徐彬1, 葛佳琳1, 陈熙2, 孟天瑶2, 杨洋3, 熊飞3, 陈英龙1, 戴其根1,2,*()   

  1. 1江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室 / 江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室 / 江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心 / 扬州大学水稻产业工程技术研究院, 江苏扬州 225009
    2扬州大学教育部农业与农产品安全国际合作联合实验室 / 扬州大学农业科技发展研究院, 江苏扬州225009
    3扬州大学生物科学与技术学院, 江苏扬州 225009
  • 收稿日期:2020-11-30 接受日期:2021-03-19 出版日期:2021-12-12 网络出版日期:2021-04-14
  • 通讯作者: 戴其根
  • 作者简介:E-mail: hhwei@yzu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    江苏省重点研发计划项目(BE2019343);国家自然科学基金项目(32001466);国家自然科学基金项目(31901448);中国博士后面上项目(2020M671628);中国博士后面上项目(2020M671629);江苏省高等学校自然科学研究面上项目(19KJB210004);江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目

Effects of salinity stress on spikelets formation and grains filling in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

WEI Huan-He1(), ZHANG Xu-Bin1, GE Jia-Lin1, CHEN Xi2, MENG Tian-Yao2, YANG Yang3, XIONG Fei3, CHEN Ying-Long1, DAI Qi-Gen1,2,*()   

  1. 1Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology Jiangsu / Co-innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops / Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
    2Joint International Research Laboratory of Agri-culture and Agro-product Safety, Ministry of Education / Institute of Agricultural Science and Technological Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
    3College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2020-11-30 Accepted:2021-03-19 Published:2021-12-12 Published online:2021-04-14
  • Contact: DAI Qi-Gen
  • Supported by:
    Key Research and Development Program of Jiangsu Province(BE2019343);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32001466);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901448);China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020M671628);China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020M671629);Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(19KJB210004);Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions

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摘要：

旨在探明盐胁迫对水稻颖花形成与籽粒充实性状的影响机制, 本研究以江苏沿海滩涂大面积种植的常规粳稻南粳9108和盐稻12为试材, 在盆栽条件下设置对照(check, CK, 盐浓度0%)、中盐(medium-salinity stress, MS, 盐浓度0.15%)和高盐(high-salinity stress, HS, 盐浓度0.3%), 分析盐胁迫对颖花分化与退化、花器官发育及籽粒充实的影响。结果表明, 与对照相比, (1) 盐胁迫下水稻产量显著下降, 中盐和高盐胁迫下南粳9108产量降幅分别为18.7%和54.5%, 盐稻12分别为24.3%和58.6%。(2) 盐胁迫显著降低了每穗粒数, 中盐和高盐胁迫下南粳9108每穗粒数较对照分别低8.6%和19.8%, 盐稻12较对照分别低8.0%和25.9%。此外, 中盐和高盐胁迫下南粳9108和盐稻12的结实率和粒重亦均显著低于对照。(3) 盐胁迫下水稻颖花分化数与现存数下降, 颖花退化数与退化率增加; 盐胁迫降低了一次和二次枝粳颖花分化数和现存数, 提高了一次和二次枝粳颖花退化数, 二次枝粳颖花分化数和现存数的下降幅度和颖花退化数的增加幅度均高于一次枝粳。(4) 盐胁迫下花药长度、宽度与体积降低, 花药开裂率、花粉活力以及颖花长度与宽度呈类似趋势。本研究表明, 盐胁迫抑制水稻颖花分化, 促进颖花退化, 导致每穗颖花数显著下降; 影响花器官正常发育, 并降低籽粒饱满度, 使籽粒充实性状明显变劣。

关键词: 水稻, 盐胁迫, 颖花形成, 籽粒充实

Abstract:

This study was conducted to explore the effects of salinity stress on spikelets formation and grains filling in rice. To analyze the effects of salinity stress on the differentiation and degradation of spikelets, development of floral organs, and grain-filling characteristics in rice, conventional japonica rice Nanjing 9108 and Yandao 12 were used with three salinity treatments under pot-cultivation conditions, control (CK, 0 salt concentration), medium-salinity stress (MS, 0.15% salt concentration), and high-salinity stress (HS, 0.3% salt concentration). As a result, compared with the CK, (1) rice grain yield was decreased under salinity stress. The grain yield of Nanjing 9108 was decreased by 18.7% and 54.5%, and Yandao 12 was decreased by 24.3% and 58.6%, under MS and HS treatments, respectively. (2) the number of spikelets per panicle was decreased under salinity stress. The number of spikelets per panicle of Nanjing 9108 was 8.6% and 19.8%, and Yandao 12 was 8.0% and 25.9% lower than that of CK under MS and HS treatments, respectively. Besides, the filled-grain percentage and grain weight of Nanjing 9108 and Yandao 12 under MS and HS were also significantly lower than CK. (3) the number of differentiated and survived spikelets was decreased, while the number of retrograded spikelets and its rate was increased under salinity stress. Salinity stress reduced the differentiated and survived spikelets on the primary and secondary branches, while increased retrograded spikelets. The decline in the number of differentiated and survived spikelets on the secondary branches were higher than those of primary branches, and the similar observations were also for the increase in the number of retrograded spikelets. (4) the length, width, and volume of anther were decreased under salinity stress, and the similar trends were also observed for dehiscence rate of anther, pollen vigor, and the length and width of spikelets. Our results suggested that, salinity stress could inhibit the differentiation of rice spikelets and promote the degradation of spikelets, resulting in a significant decrease in the number of spikelets per panicle; it adversely affected the development of floral organs and reduced the fullness of grains, which significantly deteriorated the characteristics of grain plumpness.

Key words: rice, salinity stress, spikelets formation, grains filling

表1

盐胁迫对水稻产量的影响"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 实产Actual yield (g plot-1)
南粳9108 Nanjing 9108 盐稻12 Yandao 12
2019 对照 CK 126 a 121 a
中盐 MS 101 b 93 b
高盐 HS 55 c 51 c
2020 对照 CK 120 a 118 a
中盐 MS 99 b 88 b
高盐 HS 57 c 48 c

表2

盐胁迫对水稻主茎穗部性状的影响"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 南粳9108 Nanjing 9108 盐稻12 Yandao 12
单穗重
SPW (g)		 每穗粒数
SPP		 结实率
FGP (%)		 粒重
GW (mg)		 单穗重
SPW (g)		 每穗粒数
SPP		 结实率
FGP (%)		 粒重
GW (mg)
2019 对照 CK 3.5 a 142.9 a 90.2 a 25.9 a 3.2 a 136.2 a 89.7 a 25.5 a
中盐 MS 2.9 b 131.7 b 88.3 b 24.5 b 2.7 b 127.1 b 87.4 b 24.2 b
高盐 HS 2.3 c 115.7 c 84.6 c 23.2 c 2.0 c 115.7 c 85.3 c 22.7 c
2020 对照 CK 3.7 a 150.4 a 90.7 a 26.2 a 3.4 a 143.8 a 90.2 a 25.7 a
中盐 MS 3.1 b 136.3 b 88.2 b 25.1 b 2.9 b 130.4 b 87.7 b 24.5 b
高盐 HS 2.4 c 119.4 c 85.7 c 23.7 c 2.1 c 105.7 c 85.1 c 23.0 c

表3

盐胁迫对水稻主茎穗部颖花分化与退化的影响"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 南粳9108 Nanjing 9108 盐稻12 Yandao 12
颖花分化数
DS		 颖花退化数
RS		 颖花现存数
SS		 颖花退化率
PRS (%)		 颖花分化数
DS		 颖花退化数
RS		 颖花现存数
SS		 颖花退化率PRS (%)
2019 对照 CK 155.6 a 8.3 c 147.3 a 5.3 c 150.6 a 9.2 c 141.4 a 6.1 c
中盐 MS 150.1 ab 15.0 b 135.1 b 10.0 b 145.8 a 16.6 b 129.2 b 11.4 b
高盐 HS 138.1 b 22.6 a 115.5 c 16.4 a 128.8 b 22.4 a 106.4 c 17.4 a
2020 对照 CK 165.6 a 9.3 c 156.3 a 5.6 c 157.1 a 10.0 c 147.1 a 6.3 c
中盐 MS 157.0 ab 15.4 b 141.6 b 9.8 b 151.0 ab 16.8 b 134.2 b 11.1 b
高盐 HS 144.1 b 22.0 a 122.1 c 15.3 a 133.6 b 23.8 a 109.8 c 17.8 a

表4

盐胁迫对水稻主茎一次枝粳颖花分化与退化的影响"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 南粳9108 Nanjing 9108 盐稻12 Yandao 12
颖花分化数
DS		 颖花退化数
RS		 颖花现存数
SS		 颖花退化率
PRS (%)		 颖花分化数
DS		 颖花退化数
RS		 颖花现存数
SS		 颖花退化率PRS (%)
2019 对照 CK 76.0 a 0.6 a 75.4 a 0.8 b 70.4 a 0.4 a 70.0 a 0.6 b
中盐 MS 73.0 a 2.4 a 70.6 a 3.3 b 69.1 a 2.8 a 66.3 a 4.0 a
高盐 HS 69.9 b 4.8 a 65.1 b 6.9 a 64.4 b 3.9 a 60.3 b 6.1 a
2020 对照 CK 79.1 a 0.5 a 78.6 a 0.6 b 73.5 a 0.5 a 73.0 a 0.7 b
中盐 MS 74.7 b 2.8 a 71.9 b 3.7 b 71.4 a 2.9 a 68.5 a 4.1 a
高盐 HS 72.5 b 4.6 a 67.9 b 6.4 a 60.3 b 4.2 a 56.1 b 6.9 a

表5

盐胁迫对水稻主茎二次枝粳颖花分化与退化的影响"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 南粳9108 Nanjing 9108 盐稻12 Yandao 12
颖花分化数
DS		 颖花退化数
RS		 颖花现存数
SS		 颖花退化率
PRS (%)		 颖花分化数
DS		 颖花退化数
RS		 颖花现存数
SS		 颖花退化率PRS (%)
2019 对照 CK 79.6 a 7.7 c 71.9 a 9.7 c 80.2 a 8.8 c 71.4 a 10.9 c
中盐 MS 77.1 a 12.6 b 64.5 b 16.3 b 76.7 b 13.8 b 62.9 b 18.0 b
高盐 HS 68.2 b 17.8 a 50.4 c 26.1 a 64.4 c 18.5 a 45.9 c 28.7 a
2020 对照 CK 86.5 a 8.8 c 77.7 a 10.2 c 83.6 a 9.5 c 74.1 a 11.3 c
中盐 MS 82.3 ab 12.6 b 69.7 b 15.3 b 79.6 ab 13.9 b 65.7 b 17.4 b
高盐 HS 71.6 b 17.4 a 54.2 c 24.3 a 73.3 b 19.6 a 53.7 c 26.8 a

表6

盐胁迫对水稻主茎花药大小的影响"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 南粳9108 Nanjing 9108 盐稻12 Yandao 12
花药长度
Length of anther
(mm)		 花药宽度
Width of anther
(mm)		 花药体积
Volume of anther (mm2)		 花药长度
Length of anther (mm)		 花药宽度
Width of anther (mm)		 花药体积
Volume of anther (mm2)
2019 对照 CK 1.82 a 0.46 a 0.13 a 1.91 a 0.48 a 0.15 a
中盐 MS 1.73 b 0.43 ab 0.11 ab 1.79 b 0.44 b 0.12 b
高盐 HS 1.62 c 0.41 b 0.09 b 1.65 c 0.42 b 0.10 b
2020 对照 CK 1.77 a 0.45 a 0.12 a 1.94 a 0.47 a 0.15 a
中盐 MS 1.69 b 0.43 ab 0.11 ab 1.81 b 0.43 b 0.11 b
高盐 HS 1.57 c 0.39 b 0.08 b 1.67 c 0.41 b 0.10 b

图1

盐胁迫对主茎花药开裂率的影响 处理同表1。处理间标以不同小写字母的值在0.05水平差异显著。"

图2

盐胁迫对主茎花粉活力的影响 处理同表1。处理间标以不同小写字母的值在0.05水平差异显著。"

表7

盐胁迫对水稻主茎穗颖花大小的影响"

年份
Year		 处理
Treatment		 南粳9108 Nanjing 9108 盐稻12 Yandao 12
长度
Length (mm)		 宽度
Width (mm)		 长度
Length (mm)		 宽度
Width (mm)
2019 对照 CK 7.11 a 3.72 a 7.24 a 3.34 a
中盐 MS 6.93 b 3.61 b 7.03 b 3.15 b
高盐 HS 6.68 c 3.49 c 6.82 c 3.07 c
2020 对照 CK 7.07 a 3.71 a 7.21 a 3.32 a
中盐 MS 6.85 b 3.57 b 6.95 b 3.15 b
高盐 HS 6.58 c 3.49 c 6.69 c 3.03 c

表8

盐胁迫处理下水稻穗部性状的相关性分析"

项目
Item		 实产
Actual yield		 每穗粒数
Spikelets per panicle		 结实率
Filled-grain percentage		 粒重
Grain weight
颖花
Spikelets		 长度 Length 0.89** 0.74** 0.88** 0.80**
宽度 Width 0.53 0.65* 0.51 0.61*
一次枝粳
Primary branches		 颖花分化数 DS 0.74** 0.88** 0.74* 0.82**
颖花退化数 RS -0.95** -0.86** -0.97** -0.92**
颖花现存数 SS 0.86** 0.95** 0.86** 0.92**
颖花退化率 PRS -0.98** -0.91** -0.98** -0.95**
二次枝粳
Secondary branches		 颖花分化数 DS 0.86** 0.92** 0.89** 0.92**
颖花退化数 RS -0.99** -0.94** -0.98** -0.98**
颖花现存数 SS 0.95** 0.97** 0.96** 0.98**
颖花退化率 PRS -0.98** -0.97** -0.98** -0.98**
花药长度 Length of anther 0.81** 0.68* 0.80** 0.73**
花药宽度 Width of anther 0.81** 0.72** 0.86** 0.80**
花药开裂率 Dehiscence rate of anther 0.97** 0.92** 0.97** 0.95**
花粉活力 Pollen activity 0.98** 0.94** 0.97** 0.97**
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