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作物学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (7): 1038-1049.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.84114

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇    下一篇

野生和栽培大豆种质油脂组成特点及其与演化的关系

陈影,张晟瑞,王岚,王连铮,李斌(),孙君明()   

  1. 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 / 作物分子育种国家工程实验室 / 农业部农村大豆生物学重点实验室, 北京 100081
  • 收稿日期:2018-08-24 接受日期:2019-01-19 出版日期:2019-07-12 网络出版日期:2019-03-11
  • 通讯作者: 李斌,孙君明
  • 作者简介:E-mail: 623882855@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    本研究由国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0100201);北京市科技计划项目(Z16110000916005);中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目资助

Characteristics of oil components and its relationship with domestication of oil components in wild and cultivated soybean accessions

CHEN Ying,ZHANG Sheng-Rui,WANG Lan,WANG Lian-Zheng,LI Bin(),SUN Jun-Ming()   

  1. Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding / Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2018-08-24 Accepted:2019-01-19 Published:2019-07-12 Published online:2019-03-11
  • Contact: Bin LI,Jun-Ming SUN
  • Supported by:
    This study was supported by the National of Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0100201);the Beijing Science and Technology Project(Z16110000916005);the Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.

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摘要：

以58份不同类型(野生、半野生和栽培)大豆种质为材料, 利用32对SSR标记分析大豆种质间的遗传多样性和进化关系, 采用NIRS和GC方法分别分析大豆脂肪含量和脂肪酸组分含量, 研究不同类型大豆种质油脂组成特点及其与演化的关系。结果显示, 野生大豆和栽培大豆的油脂组成存在显著差异, 栽培大豆脂肪含量(平均20.8%)显著高于野生大豆(平均10.49%), 油酸含量(平均28.5%)显著高于野生大豆(平均14.37%), 而亚麻酸含量却显著低于野生大豆; 由相关性分析可知, 大豆种子中的脂肪与油酸含量显著正相关(r = 0.85 **), 而与其他脂肪酸组分极显著负相关; 油酸与所有其他脂肪酸组分均负相关, 特别是与亚麻酸和亚油酸呈极显著负相关(r = -0.90 **和-0.89 **); 油脂组成和SSR标记对不同类型大豆种质的聚类和主成分分析表明, 2种分类结果基本一致, 可分为栽培和野生2个亚群, 半野生大豆则分布于2个亚群中。由此可见, 大豆油脂组成与大豆种质的驯化程度有关, 脂肪含量和亚麻酸含量可以作为大豆演化分类的参考指标。

关键词: 野生大豆, 半野生大豆, 栽培大豆, 脂肪含量, 脂肪酸组分

Abstract:

In this study, 58 soybean accessions composed of wild, semi-wild and cultivated soybean were used to analyze the oil and fatty acid contents by the NIRs and GC methods. Their genetic diversity and domestication were also analyzed based on 32 pairs of SSR markers. There was a significant difference in oil content and fatty acid compositions between wild and cultivated soybeans. The oil content of cultivated soybean (an average of 20.8%) was significantly higher than that of wild soybean (an average of 10.49%). As regards fatty acid compositions, the content of oleic acid in cultivated soybean (an average of 28.5%) was significantly higher than that of wild soybean (an average of 14.37%), on the contrary, the content of linolenic acid was lower. In cultivated soybean, the oil content positively correlated with oleic acid content (r = 0.85 **), and negatively correlated with other fatty acids. Moreover, the oleic acid content had a negative correlation with all other fatty acids, especially, with linoleic acid (r = -0.90 **) and linolenic acid (r = -0.89 **). Similar clustering results were observed in the clustering and principal component analysis based on oil compositions and SSR molecular markers showing that the soybean accessions were clustered into two main subgroups of wild and cultivated soybean, and semi-wild soybean distributed into both subgroups. Therefore, we suggest that contents of oil and fatty acid compositions are related with the domestication level in soybean, and may be used as a reference index for the evolutionary classification in soybean.

Key words: Glycine soja, Glycine gracilis, Glycine max, oil content, fatty acid components

表1

58份不同类型的大豆种质"

编号
Number		 材料
Accession		 类型
Category		 编号
Number		 材料
Accession		 类型
Category
W1 ZYD2854 野生Wild SW2 ZYD00411 半野生Semi-wild
W2 G. soja N19/2006 野生Wild SW3 ZYD3612 半野生Semi-wild
W3 KT156 野生Wild SW4 ZYD00844 半野生Semi-wild
W4 ZYD00004 野生Wild SW5 ZYD0001 半野生Semi-wild
W5 ZYD2784 野生Wild SW6 ZYD00404 半野生Semi-wild
W6 ZYD1896 野生Wild SW7 F0554 半野生Semi-wild
W7 ZYD3880 野生Wild C1 晋豆39 Jindou 39 栽培Cultivated
W8 ZYD3891 野生Wild C2 中黄13 Zhonghuang 13 栽培Cultivated
W9 ZYD01694 野生Wild C3 黑科56 Heike 56 栽培Cultivated
W10 ZYD3263 野生Wild C4 东大2号 Dongda 2 栽培Cultivated
W11 G. soja N4/2006 野生Wild C5 黑河51 Heihe 51 栽培Cultivated
W12 ZYD4 野生Wild C6 冀豆12 Jidou 12 栽培Cultivated
W13 G. soja N15/2006 野生Wild C7 周豆23 Zhoudou 23 栽培Cultivated
W14 G. soja N16/2006 野生Wild C8 中黄35 Zhonghuang 35 栽培Cultivated
W15 ZYD00412 野生Wild C9 黑河44 Heihe 44 栽培Cultivated
W16 BY019 野生Wild C10 黑河33 Heihe 33 栽培Cultivated
W17 G. soja N8/2006 野生Wild C11 吉蜜豆2号Jimidou 2 栽培Cultivated
W18 G. soja N7/2006 野生Wild C12 吉育204 Jiyu 204 栽培Cultivated
W19 G. soja N6/2006 野生Wild C13 长农16 Changnong 16 栽培Cultivated
W20 ZYD00851 野生Wild C14 哈11-2541 Ha 11-2541 栽培Cultivated
W21 ZYD00410 野生Wild C15 哈12-4891 Ha 12-4891 栽培Cultivated
W22 ZYD00838 野生Wild C16 合丰50 Hefeng 50 栽培Cultivated
W23 ZYD2512 野生Wild C17 徐豆14 Xudou 14 栽培Cultivated
W24 ZYD3767 野生Wild C18 徐豆9 Xudou 9 栽培Cultivated
W25 ZYD2784 野生Wild C19 铁豆29 Tiedou 29 栽培Cultivated
W26 ZYD00033 野生Wild C20 科丰14 Kefeng 14 栽培Cultivated
W27 G. soja N17/2006 野生Wild C21 吉蜜豆3号 Jimidou 3 栽培Cultivated
W28 ZYD00404 野生Wild C22 铁豆40 Tiedou 40 栽培Cultivated
W29 F0011 野生Wild C23 冀黄13 Jihuang 13 栽培Cultivated
SW1 ZYD1834 半野生Semi-wild C24 烟黄3号 Yanhuang 3 栽培Cultivated

表2

58份大豆种质的脂肪和脂肪酸组成含量变异分析"

脂肪性状
Fatty trait (%)		 平均值
Mean		 最小值
Min		 最大值
Max		 变异范围
Range		 变异系数
CV (%)		 偏度
Skewness		 峰度
Kurtosist		 差异显著性
P-value
棕榈酸 PA 12.39 9.97 15.99 6.02 9.66 0.52 0.54 < 0.0001
硬脂酸 SA 3.94 2.74 7.92 5.18 19.67 2.43 11.19 < 0.0001
油酸 OA 21.51 11.00 39.62 28.62 38.16 0.38 -1.02 < 0.0001
亚油酸 LA 53.88 39.86 60.51 20.65 8.59 -0.91 0.46 < 0.0001
亚麻酸 LNA 8.28 3.45 15.97 12.52 42.82 0.42 -1.07 < 0.0001
饱和脂肪酸 Saturated 16.33 13.09 22.91 9.82 10.23 1.22 3.41 < 0.0001
不饱和脂肪酸 Unsaturated 83.67 77.09 86.91 9.82 2.00 -1.22 3.41 < 0.0001
脂肪 Oil 15.39 6.97 24.71 17.74 34.64 -0.01 -1.38 < 0.0001

图 1

58份材料油脂性状的频率分布 缩写同表2。"

图2

基于形态学分类的野生、半野生和栽培大豆种质的油脂组成的方差分析 图中符号W、SW、C分别代表野生大豆(Glycine soja)、半野生大豆(Glycine gracilis)和栽培大豆(Glycine max)。标以不同字母的柱值在0.05水平上差异显著。缩写同表2。"

图3

58份大豆种质的脂肪含量和脂肪酸组分间的Pearson相关系数 *和**分别表示0.05和0.01水平差异显著; 图中圆圈越大, 表示相关性越强, 圆圈越小, 表示相关性越弱。缩写同表2。"

图 4

58份大豆种质基于油脂组成的聚类分析 聚类结果中红色分支代表野生大豆, 绿色分支代表半野生大豆, 蓝色分支代表栽培大豆。"

图5

58份大豆种质基于油脂组成的主成分分析 PC1~PC3代表基于脂肪和5种脂肪酸组成含量的前3个主成分。红色圆点代表野生大豆, 绿色三角形代表半野生大豆, 蓝色正方形代表栽培大豆。"

表3

基于32对SSR引物的58份大豆种质的遗传多样性参数"

引物
Primer		 连锁群
Linkage group		 染色体
Chr.		 等位基因数目
Allele number		 基因多样性
Gene diversity		 多态性信息含量
PIC
Satt 236 A1 5 10 0.85 0.83
Satt 300 A1 5 13 0.86 0.85
Satt 390 A2 8 5 0.73 0.69
Satt 409 A2 8 14 0.88 0.86
Satt 197 B1 11 14 0.84 0.83
Satt 556 B2 14 15 0.85 0.83
Satt 281 C2 6 18 0.91 0.90
Satt 286 C2 6 13 0.84 0.82
Satt 307 C2 6 8 0.65 0.62
Satt 184 D1a 1 6 0.63 0.59
Satt 267 D1a 1 10 0.71 0.68
Satt 005 D1b 2 17 0.83 0.82
Satt 157 D1b 2 13 0.85 0.84
Satt 216 D1b 2 16 0.79 0.78
Satt 230 E 15 7 0.62 0.58
Satt 146 F 13 13 0.80 0.78
Satt 334 F 13 8 0.77 0.75
引物
Primer		 连锁群
Linkage group		 染色体
Chr.		 等位基因数目
Allele number		 基因多样性
Gene diversity		 多态性信息含量
PIC
Satt 586 F 13 11 0.83 0.81
Satt 309 G 18 6 0.73 0.69
Satt 442 H 12 8 0.61 0.53
Satt 239 I 20 12 0.87 0.85
Satt 571 I 20 8 0.79 0.76
Sct 189 I 20 12 0.83 0.81
Satt 431 J 16 15 0.89 0.89
Satt 596 J 16 10 0.86 0.84
Satt 242 K 9 11 0.87 0.86
Satt 588 K 9 11 0.80 0.78
Satt 373 L 19 12 0.80 0.79
Satt 308 M 7 13 0.85 0.84
Satt 346 M 7 9 0.73 0.69
Satt 590 M 7 18 0.91 0.90
Satt 530 N 3 12 0.82 0.80
平均Mean — — 11.5 0.80 0.78

图6

基于SSR标记的大豆种质的NJ聚类图 图中红色、绿色和蓝色分支分别代表野生、半野生和栽培大豆; CI和CII表示2个主要亚群, G1和G2分别表示聚类结果中的亲缘关系较远且形态差异明显的典型野生大豆(Glycine soja)和栽培大豆(Glycine max)。"

图7

58份大豆材料基于32对SSR遗传标记的主成分分析 PC1a~PC3a代表基于32对SSR引物的前3个主成分因子。红色圆点代表野生大豆, 绿色三角形代表半野生大豆, 蓝色正方形代表栽培大豆。"

图8

基于遗传距离分析结果对野生和栽培大豆种质油脂组成的方差分析 W、C分别代表野生大豆(Glycine soja)和栽培大豆(Glycine max); 标以不同字母的柱值在0.05水平上差异显著。缩写同表2。"

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