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作物学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (3): 566-574.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.03023

• 研究简报 • 上一篇    

不同播期条件下黄淮海区主推夏播玉米品种籽粒灌浆特性

徐田军(), 吕天放(), 赵久然*(), 王荣焕*(), 张勇, 蔡万涛, 刘月娥, 刘秀芝, 陈传永, 邢锦丰, 王元东, 刘春阁   

  1. 北京市农林科学院玉米研究中心 / 玉米DNA指纹及分子育种北京市重点实验室, 北京100097
  • 收稿日期:2020-04-29 接受日期:2020-09-14 出版日期:2021-03-12 网络出版日期:2020-10-21
  • 通讯作者: 赵久然,王荣焕
  • 作者简介:徐田军, E-mail: xtjxtjbb@163.com;|吕天放, E-mail: 314565358@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0101202);北京市农林科学院科技创新能力建设专项(KJCX20170708);北京市农林科学院青年科研基金(QNJJ201728);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资助(CARS-02-11)

Grain filling characteristics of summer maize varieties under different sowing dates in the Huang-Huai-Hai region

XU Tian-Jun(), LYU Tian-Fang(), ZHAO Jiu-Ran*(), WANG Rong-Huan*(), ZHANG Yong, CAI Wan-Tao, LIU Yue-E, LIU Xiu-Zhi, CHEN Chuan-Yong, XING Jin-Feng, WANG Yuan-Dong, LIU Chun-Ge   

  1. Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences / Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Beijing 10097, China
  • Received:2020-04-29 Accepted:2020-09-14 Published:2021-03-12 Published online:2020-10-21
  • Contact: ZHAO Jiu-Ran,WANG Rong-Huan
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0101202);Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences(KJCX20170708);Youth Research Fund of the Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences(QNJJ201728);China Agriculture Research System(CARS-02-11)

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摘要：

以京农科728等18个黄淮海区主推夏播玉米品种为研究材料, 设置6月10日(S1)、6月20日(S2)和6月30日(S3)共3个播期处理, 研究夏播玉米品种在不同播期条件下的籽粒灌浆特性, 以期为玉米品种选择及高产栽培提供参考和指导。结果表明: (1)成熟期百粒重在不同播期及品种间存在极显著差异, 不同播期间表现为S1 (35.20 g) > S2 (33.45 g) >S3 (31.38 g); 不同品种间变幅为28.50 g (华美1号)~36.37 g (京农科728)。(2)籽粒平均灌浆速率(Gave)在不同播期条件下表现为S1 (0.74 g 100-grain -1 d-1) > S2 (0.65 g 100-grain -1 d-1) > S3 (0.57 g 100-grain -1 d-1), S1平均灌浆速率分别比S2、S3高0.09 和0.17 g 100-grain-1 d-1, 增幅分别为13.85%和29.82%; 18个品种平均灌浆速率以京农科728 (0.75 g 100-grain-1 d-1)最高, 显著高于郑单958和先玉335 (0.58 g 100-grain-1 d-1和0.67 g 100-grain-1 d-1), 增幅为29.31%和11.94%。(3)不同播期间参试品种产量表现为S1 (10,628.67 kg hm-2) > S2 (10,207.65 kg hm -2) > S3 (9144.59 kg hm -2), S1分别较S2、S3高4.12%、16.23%; S1与S2下产量相差不大。不同品种间, NK815、MC121、京农科729、MC812、京农科728和先玉335产量相对较高, 平均为10,730.56 kg hm-2, 显著高于郑单958 (10,080.85 kg hm-2), 增幅为6.44%。(4)相关分析表明, 产量与平均灌浆速率(0.70**)、粒重(0.68**)呈极显著正相关; 与活跃灌浆期(-0.36**)呈极显著负相关, 而粒重与平均灌浆速率(0.58**)呈极显著正相关。因此, 黄淮海区夏播玉米抢时早播有利于获得更高产量, 玉米品种可选择种植中熟或中早熟、灌浆速率高、活跃灌浆期适中、产量水平较高的京农科728、京农科729、MC812、MC121、NK815和先玉335等。在播种较晚或积温不足地区, 可选择种植中早熟、灌浆速度快的高产型品种京农科728, 6月30日播种、10月16日达生理成熟, 可实现玉米高产。

关键词: 黄淮海区, 夏播玉米, 籽粒灌浆特性, 播期

Abstract:

In order to provide helpful information for maize variety selection and realizing high yield, the grain filling characteristics of 18 summer maize varieties were investigated under 6/10 (S1), 6/20 (S2), and 6/30 (S3). The results showed that: (1) There were significant differences in the final 100-grain dry weight among varieties and sowing date treatments, characterized by S1 (35.20 g) > S2 (33.45 g) > S3 (31.38 g), and the range of variation was 28.50 g (HM 1) to 36.37 g (JNK 728). (2) The average filling rate (Gave) under different sowing date treatments was S1 (0.74 g 100-grain -1d-1) > S2 (0.65 g 100-grain -1d-1) > S3 (0.57 g 100-grain -1d-1). The average grain filling rate of S1 was 0.09 g 100-grain-1d-1and 0.17 g 100-grain-1d-1 higher than that of S2 and S3, increased by 13.85% and 29.82%, respectively. The Gave of JNK 728 (0.75 g 100-grain -1 d-1) was the highest among varieties, which significantly higher than ZD 958 and XY 335 (0.58 g 100-grain-1 d-1 and 0.67 g 100-grain-1 d-1), increased by 29.31% and 11.94%. The active grain filling period (P) showed that S1 (47.85 d) < S2 (51.39 d) < S3 (55.04 d). (3) The yield under different sowing date treatments was S1 (10,628.67 kg hm-2) > S2 (10,207.65 kg hm -2) > S3 (9144.59 kg hm -2), with S1 4.12% and 16.23% higher than S2 and S3, respectively. Among them, NK 815, MC 121, JNK 729, MC 812, JNK 728 and XY 335 had relatively high yields, with an average of 10,730.56 kg hm-2, significantly higher than ZD 958 (10,080.85 kg hm-2), increased by 6.44%. (4) Correlation analysis showed that yield level was significantly and positively correlated with Gave (0.70 **) and grain weight (0.68**), and was significantly and negatively correlated with P (-0.36 **); Grain weight was significantly correlated with Gave (0.58 **). In conclusion, maize yield, grain weight and grain filling rate reduced with the sowing date delay, but P increased accordingly, early sowing properly was beneficial to achieve higher yield in Huang-Huai-Hai summer maize region, by selecting varieties such as JNK 728, JNK 729, MC 812, MC 121, NK 815, and XY 335 which characterized by suitable growing period, higher grain filling rate, suitable active grain filling period and higher yield level. JNK 728, characterized by medium-early maturity, higher grain filling rate and yield, was suitable for the later sowing conditions or areas with insufficient accumulated temperature, and could reach physiological maturity in mid-October when sowing at the end of June.

Key words: Huang-Huai-Hai region, summer maize, grain filling characteristics, sowing date

表1

参试品种灌浆期内气象条件(2018年)"

月份
Month		 空气温度
Air temperature (℃)		 空气湿度
Air humidity (%)		 蒸发量
Evaporation (mm h-1)		 降雨量
Rainfall (mm)		 风速
Wind speed (m s-1)
July 26.8 55.7 6.3 233.9 0.3
August 26.7 49.8 6.1 119.5 1.4
September 19.0 38.1 13.6 33.1 2.6
October 10.2 35.6 12.2 22.9 2.5
November 7.6 40.0 22.6 51.6 2.5

表2

参试玉米品种"

品种
Variety		 母本
Female parent		 父本
Male parent		 生育期 Growing stage (d)
S1 S2 S3
京农科728 Jingnongke 728 京MC01 Jing MC01 京2416 Jing 2416 103 106 108
京农科729 Jingnongke 729 京MC01 Jing MC01 京2418 Jing 2418 108 110 113
MC812 京B547 Jing B547 京2416 Jing 2416 110 112 115
MC121 京72464 Jing 72464 京2416 Jing 2416 110 114 117
NK815 京B547 Jing B547 C1120 112 115 117
MC703 京X005 Jing X005 京17 Jing 17 112 113 116
MC278 京X005 Jing X005 京27 Jing 27 110 115 118
SK567 SK516 SK1098 107 108 112
郑单958 Zhengdan 958 郑58 Zheng 58 昌7-2 Chang 7-2 117 122 125
先玉335 Xianyu 335 PH6WC PH4CV 113 116 120
登海605 Denghai 605 DH351 DH382 115 115 118
农华101 Nonghua 101 NH60 S121 111 112 115
华美1号 Huamei 1 HF12202 HM12111 103 106 106
联创808 Lianchuang 808 CT3566 CT3354 114 114 118
迪卡517 Dika 517 D1798Z HCL645 109 109 109
伟科702 Weike 702 WK858 WK798-2 117 122 125
蠡玉35 Liyu 35 L5895 912 116 116 121
裕丰303 Yufeng 303 CT1669 CT3354 117 122 125

图1

参试玉米品种生育期的聚类分析"

表3

参试品种在不同播期条件下的百粒重和产量"

品种
Variety		 百粒重100-grain weight (g) 产量Yield (kg hm-2)
S1 S2 S3 S1 S2 S3
京农科728 Jingnongke 728 37.78±1.41 b 36.47±1.23 b 34.85±1.04 b 11,026.26±447.48 ab 10,734.52±84.51 cd 9879.00±298.62 e
京农科729 Jingnongke 729 34.23±2.22 d 30.97±1.26 f 29.55±1.11 g 11,156.55±155.33 ab 10,918.01±296.01 ab 10,355.65±55.50 c
MC812 34.30±1.52 d 32.97±1.15 e 32.69±1.32 d 11,050.99±257.58 ab 10,850.02±118.02 bc 10,046.70±104.87 d
MC121 36.19±2.43 b 35.61±1.34 b 32.00±1.24 d 11,210.39±425.71 ab 10,940.54±224.31 ab 10,479.02±125.19 b
NK815 34.59±3.15 d 32.55±2.12 e 30.90±1.51 f 11,605.02±257.65 a 11,011.53±143.92 a 10,711.34±36.68 a
MC703 37.58±2.62 a 34.22±1.32 c 33.44±1.06 c 10,835.99±456.4 bcde 10,597.03±83.73 e 9378.70±774.69 fg
MC278 37.44±2.22 a 34.83±2.12 c 31.62±1.12 e 10,682.36±721.81 bcde 10,285.22±83.42 f 9288.10±437.69 gh
SK567 30.81±1.01 e 30.44±1.12 f 27.66±1.14 h 9746.41±111.99 fg 9498.51±149.61 ij 7916.62±814.08 k
郑单958 Zhengdan 958 36.52±2.20 b 33.60±1.12 d 32.25±1.13 d 10,747.78±726.79 bcde 10,206.51±161.92 f 9288.26±23.48 gh
先玉335 Xianyu 335 37.15±1.53 a 36.29±1.23 a 31.64±2.21 e 10,936.19±171.84 bc 10,764.01±174.62 cd 9474.41±244.31 f
登海605 Denghai 605 37.83±1.16 a 35.53±1.54 b 34.07±1.09 b 10,905.01±256.97 bcd 10,694.12±130.81 de 9452.65±28.26 f
农华101 Nonghua 101 35.47±2.63 c 35.55±1.43 b 35.67±1.15 a 10,292.4±204.57 cdef 9701.51±162.00 gh 8716.17±378.25 i
华美1号 Huamei 1 30.81±1.34 e 28.75±1.33 g 25.95±1.16 i 9743.36±485.36 fg 9452.01±194.61 j 7533.42±291.61 l
联创808 Lianchuang 808 37.46±1.44 a 33.00±1.01 d 31.84±1.09 e 10,262.81±793.87 defg 9595.03±98.44 hi 8677.98±196.82 i
迪卡517 Dika 517 33.21±1.91 d 32.06±2.23 d 27.43±1.06 h 9626.66±558.17 g 8908.52±120.00 k 7290.37±302.06 m
伟科702 Weike 702 33.87±1.33 d 33.34±2.34 d 30.64±1.19 f 10,626.95±191.23 bcde 10,272.53±136.53 f 9252.92±126.18 h
蠡玉35 Liyu 35 31.60±2.12 e 31.25±2.12 f 30.36±1.26 f 10,241.00±746.64 efg 9505.02±135.91 ij 8110.34±670.58 j
裕丰303 Yufeng 303 36.75±1.55 b 34.74±2.56 c 32.28±2.31 d 10,620.01±701.97 bcde 9803.02±83.82 g 8750.96±328.03 i
平均值Average 35.20 33.45 31.38 10,628.67 10,207.65 9144.59
均方
Mean squares		 播期Sowing date ** **
品种Variety ** **
播期×品种Sowing date×Variety ** **

表4

参试品种在不同播期条件下的籽粒灌浆Richards方程及灌浆参数"

品种
Variety		 播期
Sowing date		 Richards方程 Richards equation 拟合系数R2 灌浆参数Grain filling parameter
W=A(1+Be-Ct) -1/D 活跃灌浆期
P (d)		 最大灌浆速率Gmax
(g 100-grain-1 d-1)		 平均灌浆速率Gave
(g 100-grain-1 d-1)
京农科728
Jingnongke 728		 S1 W=36.78 (1+1.59e-0.10t)-1/0.15 0.9996 43.55 1.24 0.84
S2 W=35.47 (1+2.04e-0.09t)-1/0.25 0.9990 48.02 1.09 0.74
S3 W=33.85 (1+27.09e-0.12t)-1/0.97 0.9984 51.33 0.99 0.66
京农科729
Jingnongke 729		 S1 W=34.23 (1+1.73e-0.10t)-1/0.17 0.9962 42.79 1.18 0.80
S2 W=30.97 (1+0.26e-0.09t)-1/0.04 0.9987 46.58 0.98 0.66
S3 W=29.55 (1+18.35e-0.12t)-1/0.86 0.9991 48.38 0.91 0.61
MC812 S1 W=34.30 (1+2.59e-0.11t)-1/0.22 0.9986 40.60 1.25 0.84
S2 W=32.95 (1+1.19e-0.09t)-1/0.16 0.9988 47.60 1.03 0.69
S3 W=32.69 (1+0.41e-0.08t)-1/0.06 0.9955 52.45 0.92 0.62
MC121 S1 W=34.59 (1+0.75e-0.09t)-1/0.10 0.9982 45.01 1.13 0.77
S2 W=32.31 (1+11.59e-0.11t)-1/0.58 0.9974 45.39 1.06 0.71
S3 W=30.65 (1+0.86e-0.08t)-1/0.10 0.9980 50.39 0.90 0.61
NK815 S1 W=36.19 (1+4.95e-0.10t)-1/0.39 0.9991 46.68 1.15 0.78
S2 W=35.61 (1+3.76e-0.09t)-1/0.34 0.9991 51.45 1.02 0.69
S3 W=32.00 (1+0.75e-0.08t)-1/0.09 0.9936 51.59 0.91 0.62
MC703 S1 W=37.58 (1+1.15e-0.09t)-1/0.13 0.9993 49.50 1.12 0.76
S2 W=34.22 (1+1.27e-0.09t)-1/0.16 0.9992 50.61 1.00 0.68
S3 W=33.44 (1+2.17e-0.08t)-1/0.25 0.9984 59.53 0.83 0.56
MC278 S1 W=37.44 (1+18.79e-0.11t)-1/0.78 0.9988 50.20 1.11 0.75
S2 W=34.83 (1+0.97e-0.08t)-1/0.12 0.9993 51.85 0.95 0.65
S3 W=31.62 (1+0.78e-0.08t)-1/0.10 0.9982 53.86 0.90 0.61
品种
Variety		 播期
Sowing date		 Richards 方程 Richards equation 拟合系数R2 灌浆参数Grain filling parameter
W=A(1+Be-Ct) -1/D 活跃灌浆期
P (d)		 最大灌浆速率Gmax
(g 100-grain-1 d-1)		 平均灌浆速率Gave
(g 100-grain-1 d-1)
SK567 S1 W=30.81 (1+0.65e-0.10t)-1/0.06 0.9965 40.75 1.11 0.76
S2 W=30.44 (1+0.79e-0.09t)-1/0.10 0.9977 48.36 0.93 0.63
S3 W=27.66 (1+23.66e-0.11t)-1/0.93 0.9977 51.07 0.81 0.54
郑单958
Zhengdan 958		 S1 W=36.52 (1+0.63e-0.07t)-1/0.09 0.9990 56.57 0.94 0.64
S2 W=33.60 (1+0.77e-0.07t)-1/0.11 0.9976 57.29 0.87 0.59
S3 W=32.25 (1+1.96e-0.07t)-1/0.26 0.9977 63.75 0.75 0.51
先玉335
Xianyu 335		 S1 W=37.15 (1+1.32e-0.09t)-1/0.14 0.9995 48.85 1.12 0.76
S2 W=36.29 (1+0.81e-0.08t)-1/0.12 0.9983 53.37 0.97 0.66
S3 W=31.64 (1+0.71e-0.08t)-1/0.09 0.9991 55.04 0.87 0.59
登海605
Denghai 605		 S1 W=37.83 (1+0.59e-0.08t)-1/0.07 0.9990 49.32 1.13 0.77
S2 W=35.53 (1+0.73e-0.08t)-1/0.09 0.9986 53.76 0.97 0.66
S3 W=34.07 (1+1.42e-0.07t)-1/0.16 0.9975 60.74 0.83 0.56
农华101
Nonghua 101		 S1 W=35.47 (1+29.06e-0.13t)-1/0.83 0.9991 44.33 1.19 0.8
S2 W=35.55 (1+2.41e-0.09t)-1/0.27 0.9986 53.19 0.99 0.67
S3 W=35.67 (1+1.16e-0.07t)-1/0.16 0.9983 59.41 0.88 0.60
华美1号
Huamei 1		 S1 W=31.41 (1+20.45e-0.13t)-1/0.61 0.9995 40.75 1.11 0.76
S2 W=28.75 (1+1.90e-0.10t)-1/0.17 0.9984 43.29 0.98 0.66
S3 W=25.95 (1+346.02e-0.16t)-1/1.94 0.9990 48.32 0.83 0.54
联创808
Lianchuang 808		 S1 W=37.46 (1+0.97e-0.08t)-1/0.12 0.9994 52.50 1.05 0.71
S2 W=33.00 (1+8.01e-0.10t)-1/0.62 0.9980 54.67 0.90 0.60
S3 W=31.84 (1+0.90e-0.07t)-1/0.13 0.9993 56.92 0.82 0.56
迪卡517
Dika 517		 S1 W=33.21 (1+1.21e-0.09t)-1/0.13 0.9986 46.84 1.04 0.71
S2 W=32.06 (1+1.82e-0.09t)-1/0.20 0.9984 48.42 0.98 0.66
S3 W=27.43 (1+36.16e-0.12t)-1/1.05 0.9989 51.38 0.80 0.53
伟科702
Weike 702		 S1 W=33.87 (1+0.28e-0.08t)-1/0.04 0.9945 53.68 0.93 0.63
S2 W=33.34 (1+4.71e-0.08t)-1/0.42 0.9960 58.43 0.84 0.57
S3 W=30.64 (1+1.12e-0.07t)-1/0.15 0.9979 58.80 0.77 0.52
蠡玉35
Liyu 35		 S1 W=31.60 (1+0.88e-0.08t)-1/0.10 0.9987 50.19 0.93 0.63
S2 W=31.25 (1+0.76e-0.08t)-1/0.10 0.9989 53.71 0.86 0.58
S3 W=30.36 (1+5.73e-0.08t)-1/0.10 0.9988 61.37 0.73 0.49
裕丰303
Yufeng 303		 S1 W=36.75 (1+0.57e-0.07t)-1/0.08 0.9958 58.47 0.92 0.63
S2 W=34.74 (1+0.47e-0.07t)-1/0.08 0.9966 56.00 0.91 0.62
S3 W=32.28 (1+0.98e-0.07t)-1/0.15 0.9988 60.15 0.79 0.54
均方
Mean squares		 播期 Sowing date ** ** **
品种 Variety ** ** **
播期×品种Sowing date×variety ** ** **

表5

参试品种灌浆特征参数、粒重与产量相关性"

相关系数
Correlation coefficient		 X1 X2 X3 X4
X1 1.00
X2 -0.77** 1.00
X3 0.04 0.58** 1.00
X4 -0.36** 0.70** 0.68** 1.00

图2

基于产量和籽粒灌浆速率的品种分类"

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