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作物学报

作物学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (10): 2597-2613.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2022.12072

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

播期对长江下游不同类型晚稻品种产量的影响及其与水稻全育期温光资源配置间关系

冯向前1,2(), 殷敏3(), 王孟佳2, 马横宇2, 刘元辉2, 褚光2, 徐春梅2, 章秀福2, 王丹英2, 张运波1,*(), 陈松2,*()   

  1. 1长江大学农学院, 湖北荆州 434025
    2中国水稻研究所, 浙江杭州 311400
    3江苏沿海地区农业科学研究所新洋试验站, 江苏盐城 224049
  • 收稿日期:2021-10-13 接受日期:2022-02-25 出版日期:2022-10-12 网络出版日期:2022-03-16
  • 通讯作者: 张运波,陈松
  • 作者简介:第一作者联系方式: 冯向前, E-mail: 201604651@yangtzeu.edu.cn;
    殷敏, E-mail: 1603811077@qq.com第一联系人：

    ** 同等贡献

  • 基金资助:
    浙江省重点研发计划项目(2022C02035);浙江省自然科学基金项目(LY22C130001);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(水稻, CARS-01);中国农业科学院科技创新工程重大科研任务(CAAS-ZDRW202001)

Effects of sowing date on the yield of different late rice variety types and its relationship with the allocation of temperature and light resources during the whole growth period of rice in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River

FENG Xiang-Qian1,2(), YIN Min3(), WANG Meng-Jia2, MA Heng-Yu2, LIU Yuan-Hui2, CHU Guang2, XU Chun-Mei2, ZHANG Xiu-Fu2, WANG Dan-Ying2, ZHANG Yun-Bo1,*(), CHEN Song2,*()   

  1. 1College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China
    2China national rice research institute, Hangzhou 311400, Zhejiang, China
    3Xinyang Agricultural Experiment Station of Yancheng City, Yancheng 224049, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2021-10-13 Accepted:2022-02-25 Published:2022-10-12 Published online:2022-03-16
  • Contact: ZHANG Yun-Bo,CHEN Song
  • About author:First author contact:

    ** Contributed equally to this work

  • Supported by:
    Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province(2022C02035);Zhejiang Province Natural Science Foundation of China(LY22C130001);China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA (Rice, CARS-01);Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(CAAS-ZDRW202001)

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摘要：

为研究晚稻品种在不同播期处理下的产量、生理特征及温光配置情况, 探索长江下游地区适宜晚粳稻的品种类型及其适宜播期。以大面积推广的2个籼稻为对照、以7个常规粳稻和3个籼粳杂交稻为材料, 在当地晚稻可用播种期内(6月中旬至7月上旬)均匀设置播期[即0 d (I)、+T d (II)、+2T d (III)、+3T d (IV)、+4T d (V)], 研究晚稻随播期的推迟在产量、生育期和干物质积累等生理特征上的差异。结果表明, 随着播期推迟, 籼稻全生育期略有延长, 主要源于灌浆期的延长; 粳稻随播期推迟, 其灌浆期亦有所延长, 但由于营养生长期缩短幅度较大, 导致全生育期略有缩短; 不同晚稻品种类型间, 随着播期的推迟, 籼粳杂交稻和常规粳稻产量略有波动。其中常规粳稻在5个播期下产量[(8.0±0.5) t hm-2]表现基本平稳, 差异不显著; 籼粳杂交稻先产量增加后降低, 2019年和2020年分别在播期IV和播期III达到峰值, 最高为11.0 t hm-2和9.1 t hm-2; 籼稻品种随着播期的推迟产量明显降低。同时, 不同品种类型间产量差异随播期推迟逐渐增大, 产量差从0.5 t hm-2增大到5.1 t hm-2; 播期变化对产量构成因子的影响各有不同。随着播期延迟, 有效穗数有所增加, 每穗粒数和结实率不同程度降低, 而千粒重无显著变化; 不同播期下主成分分析表明: 随着播期推迟, 品种特征差异从库源协同性差异, 逐渐演化为库源协同性叠加温光资源配置差异, 再演变为后期低温耐性差异。综上所述, 长江下游稻区晚籼稻应适当早播, 充分利用前期温光资源, 通过足穗达到高产。相对于籼稻, 粳稻拥有较强的播期适应性。在前茬作物收获较晚的情况下, 选择籼粳杂交稻品种更具产量保障, 而选择最佳播期可使籼粳杂交稻产量最大化。

关键词: 播期, 晚稻, 产量, 温光资源配置, 水稻品种类型

Abstract:

The yield, physiological characteristics, temperature, and light configurations of different late season rice varieties under different sowing treatments were studied to explore the suitable variety types of late japonica rice and their suitable sowing periods in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Two indica rice (CK), seven inbred japonica rice and three indica-japonica hybrid rice were used, and the sowing date adjustment experiment was carried out in the local suitable sowing period. The sowing treatments were set evenly within the locally available sowing period (mid-June to early July), with sowing periods set at 0 days (I), +T days (II), +2T days (III), +3T days (IV), and +4T days (V), respectively. The result showed that the total growing period of indica rice was slightly extended with delayed sowing, mainly due to the extension of the grain filling period. The grain filling period of japonica rice was also extended, but the total growing period was slightly shortened due to the greater shortening of the vegetative growth period. The yield of hybrid indica-japonica rice and inbred japonica rice fluctuated slightly with delayed sowing. The yield of inbred japonica rice [8.0±0.5 (t hm-2)] was basically stable under five sowing dates. The yield of hybrid indica-japonica rice increased with delayed sowing dates, and peaked at sowing stage IV and sowing stage III in 2019 and 2020, respectively, with the highest yields of 11.0 t hm-2 and 9.1 t hm-2. The yield of indica rice varieties decreased significantly with the delay of sowing period. At the same time, yield differences among different variety types gradually increased with sowing delay, with yield differences increasing from 0.5 t hm-2 to 5.1 t hm-2. The effects of sowing changes on yield components varied. The number of effective panicles increased with sowing delay, the number of grains per panicle, and the grain filling rate decreased to different degrees, while the 1000-grain weight did not change significantly. The principal component analysis at different sowing dates revealed that with sowing delay the differences in variety characteristics evolved from differences in sink-source synergism to differences in sink-source synergism superimposed on temperature and light resource allocation, and then to differences in low temperature tolerance at later stages. As a result, indica rice should be sown appropriately early to make full use of the early temperature and light resources to achieve high yield by producing adequate panicles. Japonica rice possessed strong sowing adaptability, and indica-japonica hybrid rice had advantages in yield under all sowing periods. In the case of late harvest of the previous crop, the selection of indica-japonica hybrid rice varieties was more yield guarantee, while the selection of the best sowing period could maximize the yield of indica-japonica hybrids.

Key words: sowing date, late season rice, yield, configuration of temperature and light resources, rice type

表1

2019-2020年不同处理播种日期和移栽日期"

年份Year 播期
Sowing date
treatmrnt		 播种日期
Sowing
date		 移栽日期
Transplanting
date
2019 I 2019/6/16 2019/7/3
II 2019/6/21 2019/7/9
III 2019/6/27 2019/7/17
VI 2019/7/2 2019/7/23
V 2019/7/9 2019/7/30
2020 I 2020/6/10 2020/6/29
II 2020/6/17 2020/7/6
III 2020/6/24 2020/7/13
VI 2020/7/1 2020/7/20
V 2020/7/8 2020/7/27

图1

2019-2020年水稻生育期内日照时数(a)、日均降雨量(b)、日均温(c)和日均辐射(d)的变化"

表2

2019-2020年播期对不同类型晚稻生育进程的影响"

品种类型
Rice type		 播期
Sowing date		 营养生长期
Vegetative stage		 穗发育期
Reproductive stage		 灌浆期
Grain filling stage		 全生育期
Whole growth stages
2019 2020 2019 2020 2019 2020 2019 2020
籼稻 I 58 a 56 ab 26 ab 26 b 32 c 39 a 116 d 122 b
IR II 59 a 57 a 26 b 28 b 38 b 40 a 122 c 125 a
III 57 a 54 bc 27 ab 27 b 42 a 46 a 126 b 127 a
IV 57 a 55 ab 28 ab 28 b 43 a 44 a 128 a 127 a
V 58 a 53 c 36 a 36 a 45 a 39 a 130 a 127 a
SDS -0.034 -0.144 0.399 0.288 0.537 0.057 0.589 0.171
R2 0.13* 0.64* 0.73ns 0.63ns 0.89ns 0.03 ns 0.92ns 0.75ns
常规粳稻 I 62 a 62 a 20 a 22 ab 41 a 45 c 123 a 129 a
IJR II 59 ab 58 ab 21 a 22 ab 42 a 47 bc 121 a 127 a
III 57 bc 55 bc 20 a 21 b 42 a 51 ab 119 a 127 a
品种类型
Rice type		 播期
Sowing date		 营养生长期
Vegetative stage		 穗发育期
Reproductive stage		 灌浆期
Grain filling stage		 全生育期
Whole growth stages
2019 2020 2019 2020 2019 2020 2019 2020
IV 54 cd 53 c 20 a 20 b 45 a 52 a 119 a 126 a
V 50 d 47 d 21 a 24 a 48 a 54 a 119 a 126 a
SDS -0.509 -0.500 0.018 0.029 0.301 0.328 -0.171 -0.100
R2 0.99** 0.97** 0.09* 0.05* 0.89 ns 0.97 ns 0.75* 0.81*
籼粳杂交稻 I 65 a 61 a 23 ab 26 ab 46 b 52 c 134 a 140 a
HIJR II 59 b 59 b 25 ab 24 b 52 a 53 bc 136 a 137 a
III 54 c 54 c 26 a 26 ab 53 a 53 bc 133 a 133 b
IV 55 c 50 d 21 b 26 b 55 a 57 a 131 a 133 b
V 50 d 46 e 26 a 29 a 55 a 56 ab 131 a 131 b
SDS -0.595 -0.577 0.043 0.114 0.359 0.171 -0.193 -0.314
R2 0.89** 0.99** 0.03* 0.50** 0.77 ns 0.77* 0.68* 0.92**
Sowing date (A) ** ** ns ** ** ** ns ns
Rice type (B) ns ns ns ** ** ** * **
A×B ** ns ns ns ns ns * ns

图2

2019-2020年播期对不同类型晚稻产量的影响 IR: 籼稻; IJR: 常规粳稻; HIJR: 籼粳杂交稻。不同大写字母表示品种间显著差异、不同小写字母表示播期间显著差异(LSD检验, P < 0.05)。处理同表1。"

表3

2019-2020年不同播期处理品种产量构成差异"

品种类型
Rice type		 播期
Sowing date		 有效穗数
No. of panicles (×104 hm-2)		 每穗粒数
Spikelets per panicle		 库容
Sink (×107 hm-2)		 结实率
Percentage of filled grain (%)		 千粒重
1000-grain weight (g)
2019 2020 2019 2020 2019 2020 2019 2020 2019 2020
籼稻 I 316.5 b 260.0 c 170.6 a 225.8 a 54.0 a 58.5 a 83.3 ab 53.1 b 20.3 ab 21.7 bc
IR II 342.5 a 302.5 b 132.0 b 169.7 bc 45.1 b 51.0 a 90.4 a 73.7 a 20.8 a 20.7 c
III 293.1 bc 299.2 b 137.5 b 192.5 ab 40.2 b 57.6 a 76.8 b 49.1 bc 21.4 a 22.5 b
IV 297.8 bc 377.1 a 146.6 b 165.7 bc 43.6 b 62.4 a 84.0 ab 44.3 bc 20.8 a 24.0 a
V 284.4 c 380.4 a 149.1 b 128.7 c 42.3 b 48.8 a 64.0 c 33.4 c 18.7 b 24.8 a
SDS -1.95 4.50 -0.44 -2.83 -0.43 -0.11 -0.83 -0.98 -0.06 0.14
R2 0.57ns 0.51 ns 0.07** 0.76** 0.52** 0.05* 0.56* 0.54 ns 0.28* 0.81*
常规粳稻 I 315.1 b 276.1 d 131.5 a 131.8 a 41.3 a 36.2 b 83.4 c 75.1 a 24.4 a 26.8 c
IJR II 327.0 b 307.1 c 117.1 b 122.7 b 38.1 b 37.7 ab 84.7 bc 73.1 a 24.9 a 27.2 bc
III 315.0 b 335.0 b 111.3 bc 111.7 c 34.8 c 37.3 ab 88.3 ab 77.1 a 25.5 a 28.0 ab
IV 319.5 b 346 ab 111.9 bc 113.1 c 35.5 bc 38.7 a 90.7 a 72.9 a 25.4 a 28.4 a
V 363.5 a 355.0 a 105.0 c 111.7 c 38.2 b 39.5 a 87.8 ab 66.8 b 24.6 a 27.9 ab
SDS 1.63 2.81 -1.01 -0.71 -0.14 0.11 0.25 -0.24 0.01 0.05
R2 0.52 ns 0.93 ns 0.83** 0.78** 0.25** 0.89* 0.59 ns 0.47* 0.06* 0.69*
籼粳杂交稻 I 233.6 bc 223.3 bc 207.4 b 274.6 ab 48.2 b 61.1 ab 89.0 a 71.1 ab 22.5 ab 21.1 c
HIJR II 217.5 c 215.0 c 225.7 ab 279.0 a 49.0 b 59.9 b 88.6 a 75.3 a 22.8 ab 21.4 c
III 245.9 ab 225.4 bc 226.9 ab 262.7 ab 55.7 ab 58.7 b 82.2 b 68.4 bc 20.5 b 22.6 b
IV 229.6 bc 238.2 b 257.1 a 281.0 a 58.5 a 66.7 a 89.3 a 62.4 cd 22.9 ab 23.1 ab
V 250.0 a 272.5 a 205.5 b 244.2 b 51.3 ab 66.6 a 86.3 ab 58.4 d 24.0 a 23.2 a
SDS 0.83 1.73 0.36 -0.84 0.26 0.25 -0.08 -0.54 0.06 0.08
R2 0.34 ns 0.72 ns 0.02 ns 0.37* 0.27 ns 0.55* 0.07* 0.80* 0.15* 0.91*
Sowing time (A) * ** ns * ns ns ns ** ns *
Rice type (B) ** ** ** ** ** ** ** * * **
A×B * ** ns ns ** ns ** ns ns ns

图3

2019-2020年播期对不同类型晚稻干物质积累量的影响 不同小写字母代表同一水稻类型不同播期间显著性差异(P < 0.05, LSD), 处理同表1。"

图4

2019-2020年不同类型晚稻幼穗分化到齐穗期叶面积指数的差异值 不同小写字母代表同一水稻类型不同播期间显著性差异(P < 0.05, LSD), 处理同表1。"

图5

2019-2020年播期对不同类型晚稻收获指数的影响 不同大写字母表示品种间显著差异、不同小写字母表示播期间显著差异(P < 0.05, LSD)。处理同表1。"

表4

2019-2020年不同播期处理对水稻不同生育阶段有效积温的影响"

品种
Cultivar		 播期
Sowing date		 营养生长期
Vegetative stage		 穗发育期
Reproductive stage		 灌浆期
Grain filling stage		 全生育期
Whole growth stages
2019 2020 2019 2020 2019 2020 2019 2020
籼稻 I 1028.7 b 955.9 c 459.1 a 566.5 a 468.1 a 532.8 a 1955.9 a 2055.1 a
IR II 1079.7 ab 993.7 abc 436.6 a 561.9 a 480.9 a 457.4 ab 1997.2 a 1957.3 bc
III 1074.4 ab 982.8 bc 451.0 a 514.7 ab 468.0 a 480.3 ab 1993.4 a 1977.8 b
IV 1088.5 a 1046.5 a 429.7 a 439.0 b 395.1 ab 428.0 b 1913.3 ab 1913.4 c
V 1086.6 ab 1019.8 ab 448.7 a 508.5 ab 305.8 b 322.8 c 1841.1 b 1851.1 d
SDS 20.40 24.08 -4.53 -31.85 -67.2 -59.92 -51.33 -60.25
R2 0.64* 0.67ns 0.14** 0.54** 0.77* 0.83** 0.58ns 0.88**
常规粳稻 I 1099.5 a 1076.5 a 358.3 a 452.0 a 557.7 a 579.6 a 2015.5 a 2108.0 a
IJR II 1072.9 ab 1028.8 a 356.9 a 437.4 a 554.4 a 563.2 ab 1984.2 ab 2029.4 b
III 1066.3 ab 1012.0 ab 338.1 ab 400.2 ab 525.7 ab 561.2 ab 1930.1 bc 1973.4 bc
IV 1019.7 ab 1011.3 ab 322.2 b 359.6 b 520.9 ab 533.5 bc 1862.7 cd 1904.3 cd
V 978.9 b 918.6 b 334.1 ab 411.9 ab 490.4 b 516.7 c 1803.4 d 1847.2 d
品种
Cultivar		 播期
Sowing date		 营养生长期
Vegetative stage		 穗发育期
Reproductive stage		 灌浆期
Grain filling stage		 全生育期
Whole growth stages
2019 2020 2019 2020 2019 2020 2019 2020
SDS -48.21 -44.44 -13.61 -21.07 -27.53 -20.73 -89.35 -86.23
R2 0.94** 0.84** 0.72** 0.48** 0.93** 0.95** 0.99** 0.99**
籼粳杂交稻 I 1162.2 a 1059.1 a 384.4 ab 543.1 a 572.8 a 597.5 a 2119.4 a 2199.7 a
HIJR II 1079.7 b 1039.0 b 427.2 a 485.7 b 575.3 a 578.1 ab 2082.2 a 2102.8 b
III 1023.5 bc 982.8 c 443.5 a 505.4 ab 533.6 a 534.2 c 2000.5 b 2022.3 c
IV 1045.9 b 944.4 d 345.4 b 464.8 b 530.0 a 547.1 bc 1921.2 c 1956.3 d
V 977.4 c 899.7 e 399.5 ab 479.7 b 468.7 b 497.0 d 1845.6 d 1876.4 e
SDS -66.05 -55.12 -8.45 -19.69 -41.51 -30.93 -116.03 -105.75
R2 0.85** 0.99** 0.05ns 0.60** 0.86** 0.88** 0.99** 0.99**

表5

2019-2020年不同播期处理对水稻不同生育阶段平均温度的影响"

品种
Cultivar		 播期
Sowing date		 营养生长期
Vegetative stage		 穗发育期
Reproductive stage		 灌浆期
Grain filling stage		 全生育期
Whole growth stages
2019 2020 2019 2020 2019 2020 2019 2020
籼稻 I 27.7 c 27.1 e 27.6 a 31.0 a 24.6 a 23.3 a 26.7 a 26.7 a
IR II 28.3 bc 27.4 d 27.1 ab 30.1 ab 22.8 b 21.2 b 25.5 a 25.5 a
III 28.8 ab 28.2 c 26.7 b 29.1 b 21.1 c 20.2 bc 26.7 a 26.7 a
IV 29.1 a 29.0 b 25.4 c 25.7 c 18.6 d 19.5 c 26.9 a 26.9 a
V 28.7 ab 29.4 a 25.5 c 24.0 d 16.2 e 18.2 d 26.2 a 26.2 a
SDS 0.45 0.82 -0.96 -2.45 -3.43 -1.58 0.07 0.05
R2 0.67** 0.98** 0.91** 0.94** 0.99** 0.96** 0.01** 0.01**
常规粳稻 I 27.8 e 27.4 d 27.8 a 31.1 a 23.6 a 22.6 a 26.0 a 26.0 a
IJR II 28.3 d 27.6 d 27.4 ab 30.2 ab 23.3 ab 21.8 ab 26.0 a 26.0 a
III 28.8 c 28.3 c 26.7 bc 29.4 b 22.6 ab 20.9 bc 25.8 a 25.8 a
IV 29.0 b 28.9 b 26.3 c 27.7 c 21.5 bc 20.1 cd 25.3 a 25.3 a
V 29.5 a 29.4 a 25.8 c 26.8 c 20.1 c 19.4 d 25.6 a 25.6 a
SDS 0.67 0.70 -0.83 -1.48 -1.44 -1.08 -0.25 -0.20
R2 0.98** 0.98** 0.99** 0.98** 0.94** 0.99** 0.64** 0.64**
籼粳杂交稻 I 28.0 e 27.4 e 27.0 ab 30.6 a 22.4 a 21.2 a 24.8 ab 24.8 ab
HIJR II 28.3 d 27.6 d 27.1 a 30.0 ab 20.8 b 20.6 b 23.7 b 23.7 b
III 28.8 c 28.2 c 27.1 ab 29.2 b 19.6 c 20.0 c 24.9 ab 24.9 ab
IV 29.0 b 28.8 b 26.4 b 28.1 c 19.0 c 19.4 d 25.7 a 25.7 a
V 29.5 a 29.4 a 25.6 c 26.0 d 17.8 d 18.9 e 24.3 ab 24.3 ab
SDS 0.60 0.69 -0.57 -1.48 -1.81 -0.77 0.16 0.13
R2 0.99** 0.98** 0.72** 0.94** 0.98** 0.99** 0.05** 0.05**

图6

2019-2020年播期对不同类型晚稻品种生长状况主成分荷载矩阵的影响 Panicle N: 有效穗数; Grain N: 每穗粒数; Grain W: 千粒重; PH: 株高; CGR: 群体生长率; LAI: 叶面积指数; LAI.C: 幼穗分化到齐穗期叶面积指数变化量; HI: 收获指数; Vep.vep: 营养生长期; Rep.rep: 穗发育期; Gf.gf: 灌浆期; WGS: 全生育期; EAT: 有效积温; LH: 光照时数; SR: 太阳辐射; MT: 平均温度; Dim1: 主成分1; Dim2: 主成分2; 处理同表1。"

图7

2019-2020年不同类型水稻播期处理下PCA分布图 A为播期I, B为播期II, C为播期III, D为播期IV, E为播期V。IR: 籼稻; IJR: 常规粳稻; HIJR: 籼粳杂交稻。Dim1: 主成分1; Dim2: 主成分2。"

图8

2019-2020年不同类型晚稻幼穗分化期日照时长变异度 ∙ 表示供试品种的实际值。IR: 籼稻; IJR: 常规粳稻; HIJR: 籼粳杂交稻。"

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