作物学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (2): 305-319.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2021.04112
王翠娟1(
), 柴沙沙2(
), 史春余3,*(
), 朱红4, 谭中鹏3, 季杰3, 任国博5
WANG Cui-Juan1(
), CHAI Sha-Sha2(
), SHI Chun-Yu3,*(
), ZHU Hong4, TAN Zhong-Peng3, JI Jie3, REN Guo-Bo5
摘要:
探讨铵态氮素对甘薯块根形成的调控效应及其作用机制, 本研究利用单株结薯数差异显著的甘薯品种商薯19 (S19)和济徐23 (J23)为材料, 于2014—2015年进行大田试验和盆栽辅助试验, 设置60 kg hm-2低氮(LN60)和180 kg hm-2高氮(HN180) 2个氮素水平, 酰胺态(XN)和铵态(AN) 2种氮素形态, 进行甘薯幼根向块根分化关键时期的发育解剖观察和IbEXP1基因的表达分析。结果表明, 单株有效结薯数较高的商薯19块根产量显著高于济徐23, 生长前期甘薯块根的分化建成相较于块根的膨大生长更利于最终块根产量的形成。同时, 2个甘薯品种60 kg hm-2铵态氮素处理在茎叶封垄期建成更多根径介于0.5~5.0 cm的薯块, 显著提高了收获期的单株有效薯块数目, 块根产量最高。其中, 60 kg hm-2铵态氮素处理2个品种甘薯幼根在前形成层时期原生木质部束的导管数目及中柱薄壁组织木质化薄壁细胞数目最多; 初生形成层发育时期IbEXP1基因高水平表达, 幼根直径、中柱直径大, 原生、次生木质部束数目多; 次生形成层活动初期IbEXP1基因的相对表达和中柱薄壁细胞的木质化程度介于不施氮和高氮素处理之间, 但幼根直径、中柱直径和中柱占横截面比均显著最高, 在块根分化建成中建立了中柱薄壁细胞木质化活动和分裂活动的平衡。
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