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作物学报 ›› 2011, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (01): 1-17.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2011.00001

• 综述 •    下一篇

中国作物新基因发掘：现状、挑战与展望

邱丽娟,郭勇,黎裕,王晓波,周国安,刘章雄,周时荣,李新海,马有志,王建康,万建民*   

  1. 农作物基因资源与遗传改良国家重大科学工程 / 农业部作物种质资源利用重点开放实验室 / 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所, 北京 100081
  • 收稿日期:2010-11-28 修回日期:2010-12-12 出版日期:2011-01-12 网络出版日期:2010-12-15
  • 通讯作者: 万建民, E-mail: wanjm@caas.net.cn
  • 基金资助:

    本研究由国家高技术发展计划(863计划)项目(2006AA100104)，国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2004CB117213)，国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD13B05)和引进国际先进农业科学计划(948计划)项目(2006-G1)资助。

New Gene Discovery of Crops in China: Status, Challenging, and Perspective

QIU Li-Juan,GUO Yong,LI Yu,WANG Xiao-Bo,ZHOU Guo-An,LIU Zhang-Xiong,ZHOU Shi-Rong,LI Xin-Hai,MA You-Zhi,WANG Jian-Kang,WAN Jian-Min*   

  1. National Key Facility for Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement / Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2010-11-28 Revised:2010-12-12 Published:2011-01-12 Published online:2010-12-15
  • Contact: 万建民, E-mail: wanjm@caas.net.cn

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被引次数

29

摘要： 中国作物新基因发掘是实现中国作物种质资源优势向基因资源优势转变和作物分子育种的基础。本文对中国近10年来水稻、小麦、玉米、大豆、棉花和油菜等主要作物基因发掘研究的进展进行了分析和评述。中国作物基因发掘也取得了一系列突破性进展：(1)创制出一批具有特色的基因发掘材料，包括基于中国作物遗传多样性的核心种质、基于优异资源的遗传分离群体和基于人工诱变的突变体等；(2)基因发掘技术和方法有所突破，尤其是在针对基因特点整合各种基因发掘技术、改进基因/QTL的生物统计算法等，提高了基因发掘的效率；(3)作物农艺性状的标记与基因定位已成为常规遗传研究方法，初步定位了一批抗病、抗逆、优质、养分高效、高产相关基因/QTL，其中，有500多个基因已精细定位；(4)以水稻为代表的作物基因克隆及功能研究在国际上受到瞩目，在主要作物中已克隆了300多个基因，其中，在目标作物中验证的基因数超过70个。在国际作物基因发掘高效化、规模化及实用化发展过程中，中国作物基因发掘也取得了重要进展。然而，中国作物基因发掘的数量和质量还远远不能满足作物分子育种的需求，与国际作物基因发掘也存在差距，具体表现为不同作物基因发掘研究进展不平衡、发掘基因的数量还相对有限、已发掘的基因中具有重大利用价值的基因不多。针对中国基因发掘面临的问题和世界各国以及跨国生物技术公司争夺基因的巨大挑战，作者提出了中国作物基因发掘应重点提高基因发掘效率，加强重要基因克隆及基因的价值评估，以生物产业发展需求为导向的基因发掘策略。

关键词: 作物, 基因, QTLs, 定位, 克隆, 发掘, 功能

Abstract: Gene discovery is the basis of molecular breeding in crops. The progress of gene discovery study of major crops such as rice, wheat, maize, soybean, cotton and oilseed rape in China during the past ten years was analyzed and reviewed in this paper. Gene discovery of crops in China has also made a series of breakthroughs: (1) A number of distinctive gene discovery materials were created, such as core germplasm based on crop genetic diversity, genetic population based on excellent genetic resources, mutants derived from artificial mutation, and so on. (2) Technology and methods of gene discovery were developed, especially the integration of various gene discovery technologies and improvement of biometric algorithm of gene/QTLs, and therefore the efficiency of gene discovery was improved. (3) Mapping markers and genes related to agronomic traits of crops has become a common method for genetic studies. A number of genes/QTLs associated with disease resistance, stress tolerance, quality, nutrient efficiency and yield have been mapped, of which more than 500 genes have been fine mapping. (4) Gene cloning and functional study in crops especially in rice become more and more important in the world. More than 300 genes have been cloned in the main crops, among which more than 70 genes have been functional validated in crops. With the development of genome sequence technology, gene discovery of crops become more and more efficient, large-scale and practical. However, the quality and quantity of crop gene discovery is still far from meeting the needs of molecular breeding of crops and the overall level of gene discovery has still fallen behind developed countries in the world. The development of gene discovery in different crops is uneven, the number of genes discovered is relatively limited and discovered genes with great value is still scare. Focused on the problems of gene discovery in China and the challenges of biotechnology companies in the worldwide, the strategy of crops gene discovery in China was proposed in this paper, including improvement of the efficiency of gene discovery, enhancement of gene cloning and the value of important genes, and the orientation of the development needs of biotechnology industry.

Key words: Crops, Gene, QTLs, Mapping, Cloning, Discovery, Function

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