作物学报 ›› 2014, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (11): 1980-1989.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2014.01980
何立谦1,**,张维宏1,**,张永升1,曹彩云2,李科江2,杜雄1,*
HE Li-Qian1,ZHANG Wei-Hong1,ZHANG Yong-Sheng1,CAO Cai-Yun2,LI Ke-Jiang2,DU Xiong1,*
摘要:
针对华北平原小麦生产水资源高耗与存量极度稀缺的问题,通过河北省两地大田试验,研究了全田土下微膜覆盖与不同灌水管理对冬小麦水分利用和物质生产效果的作用。结果表明,土下微膜覆盖条件下,冬小麦雨养或少量灌水消耗了占常规生产(对照) 2/3~3/4的耗水量,生产了不少于7500 kg hm-2的籽粒产量;籽粒产量水分利用效率达到24.8~26.5 kg mm-1 hm-2,较对照提高28.3%~41.0%。与对照相比,生物产量水分利用效率高峰由抽穗扬花期提前至拔节期,且提高1.3~2.7倍,雨养或少量灌水还可有效提高小麦收获指数。土下微膜覆盖下的土壤贮水消耗速度变缓,2 m土体贮水量播种时不小于600 mm就可满足小麦的全生育期耗水,壤质土壤供水量为212.2 mm,黏质土壤供水量为230.0 mm。土下微膜覆盖下,雨养或扬花前少量灌水能够显著促进花后20 d内的光合速率,蒸腾速率减小同步显著提高光合水分利用效率,但在灌浆中期灌水则对提高光合速率及光合水分利用效率无意义。在华北平原,全田土下微膜覆盖雨养或适时少量灌水是大幅降低小麦耗水和提高水分利用效率,保证小麦产量的有效方法。
[1]韩占江, 于振文, 王东, 张永丽. 测墒补灌对冬小麦干物质积累与分配及水分利用效率的影响. 作物学报, 2010, 36: 457–465Han Z J, Yu Z W, Wang D, Zhang Y L. Effects of Supplemental irrigation based on testing soil moisture on dry matter accumulation and distribution and water use efficiency in winter wheat. Acta Agron Sin, 2010, 36: 457–465 (in Chinese with English abstract)[2]张光辉, 刘中培, 费宇红, 连英立, 严明疆, 王金哲.华北平原区域水资源特征与作物布局结构适应性研究. 地球学报, 2010, 31: 17–22Zhang G H, Liu Z P, Fei Y H, Lian Y L, Yan M J, Wang J Z. the relationship between the distribution of irrigated crops and the supply capability of regional water resources in North China Plain. Acta Geosci Sin, 2010, 31: 17-22 (in Chinese with English abstract) [3]胡春胜, 张喜英, 程一松, 裴冬. 太行山前平原地下水动态及超采原因分析. 农业系统科学与综合研究, 2002, 18(2): 89–91Hu C S, Zhang X Y, Cheng Y X, Pei D. An analysis on dynamics of water table and overdraft of groundwater in the piedmont of Mt. Taihang. Sys Sci Compr Stud Agric, 2002, 18(2): 89–91 (in Chinese with English abstract)[4]侯慧芝, 吕军峰, 张绪成, 杨如萍, 郭天文. 陇中半干旱区全膜覆土穴播小麦的土壤水分及产量效应. 作物杂志, 2010, (1): 13–15Hou H Z, Lü J F, Zhang X C, Yang R P, Guo T W. Effects of film-mulched soil and bunch-seeded wheat in semi-arid region on soil moisture content and grain yield. Crops, 2010, (1): 13–15 (in Chinese with English abstract)[5]何春雨, 周祥椿, 杜久元, 鲁清林, 张礼军, 周洁, 白斌, 周刚. 全膜覆土免耕穴播栽培技术对冬小麦产量效应的研究. 农业现代化研究, 2010, (6): 20–22He C Y, Zhou X C, Du J Y, Lu Q L, Zhang L J, Zhou J, Bai B, Zhou G. Study on winter wheat yield under technology of no-tillage, bunch-planting, whole film and soil mulching during whole growth. Res Agric Moderniz 2010, (6): 20–22 (in Chinese with English abstract)[6]张平良, 郭天文, 侯慧芝, 吕军峰, 谭雪莲. 半干旱区全膜覆土穴播小麦高产施肥技术研究. 作物杂志, 2011, (6): 99–101Zhang P L, Guo T W, Hou H Z, Lü J F, Tan X L. Fertilizer application techniques for high yielding wheat on soil over all-film bunch in the semi-arid areas. Crops, 2011, (6): 99–101 (in Chinese with English abstract)[7]孙亚辉, 李瑞奇, 党红凯, 张馨文, 李慧玲, 李雁鸣. 河北省超高产冬小麦群体和个体生育特性及产量结构特点. 河北农业大学学报, 2007, 30(3): 1–8Sun Y H, Li R Q, Dang H K, Zhang X W, Li H L, Li Y M. Population and individual characteristics of growth and development and yield components of super-high-yielding winter wheat in Hebei Province. J Agric Univ Hebei, 2007, 30(3): 1–8 (in Chinese with English abstract)[8]Zhang J H, Sui X Z, Li B, Su B L, Li J M, Zhou D X. An improved water-use efficiency for winter wheat grown under reduced irrigation. Field Crops Res, 1998, 59: 91–98[9]Du T S, Kang S Z, Sun J S, Zhang X X, Zhang J H. An improved water use efficiency of cereals under temporal and spatial deficit irrigation in North China. Agric Water Manag, 2010, 97: 66–74[10]Sam G, Dirk R. Deficit irrigation as an on-farm strategy to maximize crop water productivity in dry areas. Agric Water Manag, 2009, 96: 1275–1284[11]Elias F, Mar?a A S. Deficit irrigation for reducing agricultural water use. J Exp Bot, 2007, 58: 147–159 [12]Zhang Y Q, Eloise K, Yu Q, Liu C M, Shen Y J, Sun H Y. Effect of soil water deficit on evapotranspiration, crop yield, and water use efficiency in the North China Plain. Agric Water Manag, 2004, 64: 107–122[13]张法全, 王小燕, 于振文, 王西芝, 白洪立. 公顷产10000 kg 小麦氮素和干物质积累与分配特性. 作物学报, 2009, 35: 1086−1096Zhang F Q, Wang X Y, Yu Z W, Wang X Z, Bai H L. Characteristics of accumulation and distribution of nitrogen and dry matter in wheat at yield level of ten thousand kilograms per hectare. Acta Agron Sin, 2009, 35: 1086–1096 (in Chinese with English abstract)[14]Zhang X Y, Chen S Y, Sun H Y. Dry matter, harvest index, grain yield and water use efficiency as affected by water supply in winter wheat. Irrig Sci, 2008, 7: 1–10[15]Sun H Y, Shen Y J, Yu Q, Gerald F, Zhang Y Q, Liu C M, Zhang X Y. Effect of precipitation change on water balance and WUE of the winter wheat-summer maize rotation in the North China Plain. Agric Water Manag, 2010, 97: 1139–1145[16]孟维伟, 张永丽, 马兴华, 石玉, 于振文. 灌水时期和灌水量对小麦耗水特性和旗叶光合作用及产量的影响. 作物学报, 2009, 35: 1884-1892Meng W W, Zhang Y L, Ma X H, Shi Y, Yu Z W. Effects of Irrigation stage and amount on water consumption characteristics, flag leaf photosynthesis, and grain yield in wheat. Acta Agron Sin, 2009, 35: 1884–1892 (in Chinese with English abstract)[17]Sun H Y, Liu C M, Zhang X Y, Shen Y J, Zhang Y Q. Effects of irrigation on water balance, yield and WUE of winter wheat in the North China Plain. Agric Water Manag, 2006, 85: 211–218[18]赵俊晔, 于振文. 高产条件下施氮量对冬小麦氮素吸收分配利用的影响. 作物学报, 2006, 32: 484–490Zhao J Y, Yu Z W. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer rate on uptake, distribution and utilization of nitrogen in winter wheat under high yielding cultivated condition. Acta Agron Sin, 2006, 32: 484–490 (in Chinese with English abstract)[19]郑成岩, 于振文, 马兴华, 王西芝, 白洪立. 高产小麦耗水特性及干物质的积累与分配. 作物学报, 2008, 34: 1450–1458Zheng C Y, Yu Z W, Ma X H, Wang X Z, Bai H L. Water consumption characteristic and dry matter accumulation and distribution in high-Yielding wheat. Acta Agron Sin, 2008, 34: 1450–1458 (in Chinese with English abstract)[20]Li F M, Liu X L, Guo A H. Effects of early soil moisture distribution on the dry matter partition between root and shoot of winter wheat. Agric Water Manag, 2001, 49: 163-171[21]Zhang X Y, Wang Y Z, Sun H Y, Chen S Y, Shao L W. Optimizing the yield of winter wheat by regulating water consumption during vegetative and reproductive stages under limited water supply. Irrig Sci, 2013, 31: 1103-1112[22]Panda R K, Behera S K, Kashyap P S. Effective management of irrigation water for wheat under stressed conditions. Agric Water Manag, 2003, 63: 37–56[23]Besky A J. Does herbivory benefit plants? A review of the evidence. Am Nat, 1986, 127: 870-892[24]Gajri P R, Prihar S S. Effect of small irrigation amounts on the yield of wheat. Agric Water Manag, 1983, 6: 31–41[25]胡梦芸, 张正斌, 徐萍, 董宝娣, 李魏强, 李景娟. 亏缺灌溉下小麦水分利用效率与光合产物积累运转的相关研究. 作物学报, 2007, 33: 1884–1891Hu M Y, Zhang Z B, Xu P, Dong B D, Li W Q, Li J J. Relationship of water use efficiency with photoassimilate accumulation and transport in wheat under deficit irrigation. Acta Agron Sin, 2007, 33: 1884–1891 (in Chinese with English abstract)[26]Yang J C, Zhang J H, Huang Z L, Zhu Q S, Wang L. Remobilization of carbon reserves is improved by controlled soil-drying during grain filling of wheat. Crop Sci, 2000, 40: 1645–1655[27]陈晓远, 罗远培. 开花期复水对受旱冬小麦的补偿效应研究. 作物学报, 2001, 27: 513−516Chen X Y, Luo Y P. Study on the compensatory effect of rewatering during the flowering stage after previous water stress in winter wheat. Acta Agron Sin, 2001, 27: 513–516 (in Chinese with English abstract)[28]Fang Q X, Ma L, Yu Q, Ahuja L R, Malone R W, Hoogenboom G. Irrigation strategies to improve the water use efficiency of wheat-maize double cropping systems in North China Plain. Agric Water Manag, 2010, 97: 1165–1174[29]Fang Q X, Ma L, Green T R, Yu Q, Wang T D, Ahuja L R. Water resources and water use efficiency in the North China Plain: Current status and agronomic management options. Agric Water Manag, 2010, 97: 1102–1116[30]Liu X W, Shao L W, Sun H Y, Chen S Y, Zhang X Y. Responses of yield and water use efficiency to irrigation amount decided by pan evaporation for winter wheat. Agric Water Manag, 2013, 129: 173–180[31]Li J M, Inanaga S, Li Z H, Eneji A E. Optimizing irrigation scheduling for winter wheat in the North China Plain. Agric Water Manag, 2005, 76: 8-23[32]Dong B D, Shi L, Shi C H, Qiao Y Z, Liu M Y, Zhang Z B. Grain yield and water use efficiency of two types of winter wheat cultivars under different water regimes. Agric Water Manag, 2011, 99: 103–110[33]Qiu G Y, Wang L M, He X H, Zhang X Y, Chen S Y, Chen J, Yang Y H. Water use efficiency and evapotranspiration of winter wheat and its response to irrigation regime in the North China Plain. Agric For Meteorol, 2008, 148: 1848–1859[34]张喜英, 由懋正, 王新元. 冬小麦调亏灌溉制度田间试验研究初报. 生态农业研究, 1998, 6(3): 33–36Zhang X Y, You M Z, Wang X Y. A preliminary study on the regulated deficit irrigation system of winter wheat. Eco-agric Res, 1998, 6(3): 33–36 (in Chinese with English abstract)[35]Zhang J H, Sui X Z, Li B, Su B L, Li J X, Zhou D X. An improved water-use efficiency for winter wheat grown under reduced irrigation. Field Crops Res, 1998, 59: 91–98[36]秦欣, 刘克, 周丽丽, 周顺利, 鲁来清, 王润政. 华北地区冬小麦-夏玉米轮作节水体系周年水分利用特征. 中国农业科学, 2012, 45: 4014–4024Qin X, Liu K, Zhou L L, Zhou S L, Lu L Q, Wang R Z. Characteristics of annual water utilization in winter wheat-summer maize rotation system in North China Plain. Sci Agric Sin, 2012, 45: 4014–4024 (in Chinese with English abstract)[37]赵华甫, 张凤荣, 李佳, 唐衡. 北京都市农业种植制度的发展方向春玉米一熟制. 中国生态农业学报, 2008, 16: 469–474Zhao H F, Zhang F R, Li J, Tang H. Direction of agricultural development of urban Beijing-Single-harvest spring-maize farming method. Chin J Eco-agric, 2008, 16: 469–474 (in Chinese with English abstract)[38]刘明, 陶洪斌, 王璞, 吕丽华, 张雅杰, 张丽. 华北平原水氮优化条件下不同种植制度的水分效应研究. 水土保持学报, 2008, 20(2): 116–120Liu M, Tao H B, Wang P, Lü L H, Zhang Y J, Zhang L. Water Consumption, Soil Water Content Variation and Water Utilization Efficiency of Different Cropping System in China. J Soil Water Conserv, 2008, 20(2): 116–120 (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[1] | 郭星宇, 刘朋召, 王瑞, 王小利, 李军. 旱地冬小麦产量、氮肥利用率及土壤氮素平衡对降水年型与施氮量的响应[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(5): 1262-1272. |
[2] | 王洋洋, 贺利, 任德超, 段剑钊, 胡新, 刘万代, 郭天财, 王永华, 冯伟. 基于主成分-聚类分析的不同水分冬小麦晚霜冻害评价[J]. 作物学报, 2022, 48(2): 448-462. |
[3] | 方彦杰, 张绪成, 侯慧芝, 于显枫, 王红丽, 马一凡, 张国平, 雷康宁. 全膜覆土种植和施肥对旱地苦荞耗水特征及产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2021, 47(6): 1149-1161. |
[4] | 史梦霞, 张佳笑, 石晓宇, 褚庆全, 陈阜, 雷永登. 近20年河北省几种高耗水作物的水分利用效率分析[J]. 作物学报, 2021, 47(12): 2450-2458. |
[5] | 张矞勋, 齐拓野, 孙源, 璩向宁, 曹媛, 吴梦瑶, 刘春虹, 王磊. 高分六号遥感影像植被特征及其在冬小麦苗期LAI反演中的应用[J]. 作物学报, 2021, 47(12): 2532-2540. |
[6] | 胡鑫慧, 谷淑波, 朱俊科, 王东. 分期施钾对不同质地土壤麦田冬小麦干物质积累和产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2021, 47(11): 2258-2267. |
[7] | 周宝元, 葛均筑, 孙雪芳, 韩玉玲, 马玮, 丁在松, 李从锋, 赵明. 黄淮海麦玉两熟区周年光温资源优化配置研究进展[J]. 作物学报, 2021, 47(10): 1843-1853. |
[8] | 车阳, 程爽, 田晋钰, 陶钰, 刘秋员, 邢志鹏, 窦志, 徐强, 胡雅杰, 郭保卫, 魏海燕, 高辉, 张洪程. 不同稻田综合种养模式下水稻产量形成特点及其稻米品质和经济效益差异[J]. 作物学报, 2021, 47(10): 1953-1965. |
[9] | 张绪成, 马一凡, 于显枫, 侯慧芝, 王红丽, 方彦杰, 张国平, 雷康宁. 旋耕深度对西北黄土高原旱作区土壤水分特性和马铃薯产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2021, 47(1): 138-148. |
[10] | 雒文鹤, 师祖姣, 王旭敏, 李军, 王瑞. 节水减氮对土壤硝态氮分布和冬小麦水氮利用效率的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2020, 46(6): 924-936. |
[11] | 马明生, 郭贤仕, 柳燕兰. 全生物降解地膜覆盖对旱地土壤水分状况及春小麦产量和水分利用效率的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2020, 46(12): 1933-1944. |
[12] | 方彦杰, 张绪成, 于显枫, 侯慧芝, 王红丽, 马一凡, 张国平, 雷康宁. 旱地立式深旋耕方式下有机肥替代对饲用玉米耗水特性和产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2020, 46(12): 1958-1969. |
[13] | 马艳明, 冯智宇, 王威, 张胜军, 郭营, 倪中福, 刘杰. 新疆冬小麦品种农艺及产量性状遗传多样性分析[J]. 作物学报, 2020, 46(12): 1997-2007. |
[14] | 马艳明, 娄鸿耀, 陈朝燕, 肖菁, 徐麟, 倪中福, 刘杰. 新疆冬小麦地方品种与育成品种基于SNP芯片的遗传多样性分析[J]. 作物学报, 2020, 46(10): 1539-1556. |
[15] | 张力,陈阜,雷永登. 近60年河北省冬小麦干旱风险时空规律[J]. 作物学报, 2019, 45(9): 1407-1415. |
|